Mineral geochemical prospecting includes three stages: regional exploration, reconnaissance and detailed geochemical survey, and every stage has its unique work features. However, geochemists in China are used to conducting reconnaissance and detailed survey according to the concept of regional chemical survey, which results in inadequate implementation of some work and insufficient obtaining of geochemical information. Based on organizing and analyzing different purposes and characteristics at each geochemical stage, field investigation, indoor information processing, anomaly classification and verification, and laboratory analysis, the authors have reached the conclusion that the progressive geochemical survey from regional exploration through reconnaissance to detailed geochemical survey is equivalent to the change of sampling media from stream sediments through soil to rocks, and during this process sampling density gradually increases and the connection of the work with the geological body becomes closer and closer. This is a systematical process approaching to the prospecting target.

Different geochemical anomalies caused by different geological units are called Geochemical "Multi-Background" for short. There commonly exists more than one geological unit in numbers of 1:50 000 mapping. The geochemical anomaly values of some elements in different geological units can reach the difference as much as several to dozen times. In this case if we only use single anomaly value to draw the geochemical anomaly map, a large anomaly may appear in the high background area not related to ores; on the contrary, it is probable that nothing appears in the low background area which may contain a concealed ore boy. This paper discusses the difference of geochemical anomaly maps between single background and multi-background. According to the multi-background, there exist no boundary effects and displacement phenomena in the geochemical anomaly map, meanwhile the large anomaly in high background can be eliminated, and thus only the anomaly in low background that indicates the concealed orebody is displayed. The authors highly recommend using multi-background method to draw the geochemical anomaly map when there are many significantly different geological units in the work area.

Based on years of working experience, this paper summarized many examples of using soil geochemical data to solve fundamental geological problems, such as the lithology of underlying strata, delineating structures, stratigraphic correlation and division. The paper described the principles and application conditions of geochemistry in solving geological problems, and explained the problems as to how to use residual halos in shallow coverage areas, arid grasslands and tropical rainforest to expand the bedrock area of geological mapping, recognize and infer the lithology of underlaying strata, how to use residual halos and superimposed halos to infer concealed structure, and how to use geochemical formational halos to divide and correlate strata. The full utilization of geochemical data of the geological survey area could improve the quality of geological mapping in mineral geological survey, and help solve problems encountered in conventional geological work. The combination of geological and geochemical exploration could improve the capability of geological interpretation of geochemical anomalies.

The energy in seismic waves will be absorbed when the waves travel in the earth,because the medium in the earth is viscoelastic.There are many kinds of energy absorption,such as geometric spreading,intrinsic attenuation, transmission losses,and energy conversion.Such energy absorptions will decrease the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of seismic data.In order to realize the energy compensation,many scholars both in China and abroad have tried their best to do a lot of work. In this paper,the seismic attenuation mechanism and the main factors affecting the seismic wave absorption were reviewed.Several kinds of methods of energy compensation for seismic absorption attenuation including inverse Q filtering,time-frequency analysis and inverse Q migration were emphasized.An analysis shows that these methods have their own advantages and disadvantages.The authors implement the viscoacoustic wave equation for the forward and backward wave propagation to correct the attenuation effects in reverse time migration.A numerical test demonstrates that the attenuation effects in reverse time migration can be properly compensated and the attenuation compensation can enhance the high-wavenumber components in complex geological structures.Finally,the development trend of seismic wave energy compensation is forecasted.

Migration, accumulation and micro-leakage effects of oil and gas will lead to changes of the geochemical environment and the concentration of trace elements which are closely related to organic matter in the top of soil. Data of multi-objective regional geochemical survey will provide the regional geochemical information. Based on using multi-target regional geochemical data obtained from southern Songnen Plain, in combination with the abnormal results of the trace elements which are related to known oil and gas fields, the authors have detected that there exists response relationship between such indicators of trace elements as Cl, S, I, Sr, CaO, TC and Br and oil and gas fields, and hence these indicators are effective indexes in oil and gas prognosis.

Located at the junction of the Nanling metallogenic belt and the Wuyishan metallogenic belt, Jinhuasi surveyed area in southern Jiangxi belongs to the South Wuyi manganese-tin-copper-gold-silver-lead-zinc metallogenic subzone. On the basis of 1:25,000 gully sediments survey, the good anomalous segments were selected to conduct 1:10,000 soil geochemical survey for analyzing element geochemical characteristics. Rock geochemical analysis was carried out in the good soil geochemical anomalous area to further analyze its mineralization. Combined with field geological investigation, the authors preliminarily summarized the geochemical exploration model and prospecting orietation of the main ore-forming elements. Studies show that Jinhuasi surveyed area has Ag, Au geochemical anomalies, which are closely related to fault activity and diabase veins. The mineralization of the anomalous area is promising, with the surface mineralization of the first Ag mineralization anomalous surface being most excellent; nevertheless, the deep prospecting potential remains uncertain.

Located in Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province, the Ganzhong iron deposit is a sedimentary metamorphic iron deposit. As the country rock in this area is non-magnetic, we have the base of physical properties to implement magnetic survey. The iron formation is thin and deep in this area. So far, the interpretation of the magnetic data has not achieved good results. The previous work was mainly focused on the geological exploration and drilling. In this paper, the authors first studied the status of the geological work in the study area, and then used the wavelet multi-scale decomposition method to extract the deep field anomaly. The method of tilt-angle and the Theta Map was also employed to identify the boundary of the iron formation and, as a result, five prospecting areas were delineated which have good metallogenic potential. In addition, the authors applied meticulous inversion and interpretation along No. 62 exploration line of Songshan area based on the borehole data of ZK6209 and provided a quantitative interpretation result. It is pointed out that three-component borehole magnetic survey is an effective way to find the deep iron formation. This paper provides some new ideas for the deep and peripheral prospecting in the Ganzhong iron deposit.

The prospecting target of the Errenshan-Huangshipogou polymetallic ore deposit was delineated based on the characteristics of geological structure of the gold-silver metallogenic belt, geochemistry and geophysical characteristics revealed during the prospecting for polymetallic ore deposits in the Beishan Mountain of Weining. By using the EH-4 conductivity imaging system, the authors detected the vertical extension, attitude and characteristics of the ore-bearing fractured zone and, on such a basis, achieved fairly satisfactory ore prospecting results.

Three-dimensional geological modeling is a common method for geological research and calculation of reserves in geology and mining industry in Western Countries, which utilizes geostatistics and the concept of regionalized variable to reasonably divide the blocks of the three-dimensional orebody model and then to estimate the grade and calculate the reserves. In this paper, with a large iron deposit in Kyrgyzstan as the research object, the authors used the correlation function between the grade and density of the ore, then translated the three-dimensional model of ore's grade valuation into ore's density (density of vertical cube). At last, by the vertical cube gravity forward calculation, a comparative analysis of the forward modeling result and measured gravity data is made. On such a basis, the authors put forward a new method for iron gravity exploration and provide a basis for increasing reserves and deploying exploration work.

In this paper, the authors systematically studied the gravity and magnetic data obtained from the study area in combination with geology and drilling results. Gravity and magnetic field was processed, fault structures was inferred, the distributional features of residual gravity and magnetic anomalies with ore spots were analyzed, and the favorable areas for Mo prospecting was discussed. The results show that the main faults of the study area can be divided into 3 groups: nearly EW-trending faults, NE-trending faults and NW-trending faults. The intersectional points of the EW-trending fault with the NE-trending fault not only controlled the emplacement space of the magmatites but also governed the location of the Mo-bearing bed. Mo-bearing beds are distributed in low gravity anomaly, the tongue-shaped part where low residual gravity anomalies grade into high residual gravity anomalies, and the boundaries of the positive and negative aeromagnetic anomalies, associated with negative magnetic anomalies in the study area. Based on geological structure and the features of residual gravity and magnetic anomalies with ore spots, combined with geochemical anomalies and features of ore-controlling fractures, the authors delineated four favorable ore-prospecting areas.

The Xiaokou rock salt deposit of Guyuan is a large sedimentary deposit found in recent years in Ningxia. In order to detect underground complex geological structure, the authors tried to use the controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric sounding method as a exploration means. After feasibility test, the observation device was used as follows: the transceiver distance was 10km, the emitter distance was 1km, and the site distance was 200m. After smooth filtering, static correction and 2D inversion for row data and on the basis of the picture of 2D inversion profile, in combination with the physical parameters and geological data in the survey area, the authors conducted interpretation of the subsurface geological structure. Drilling at the later stage verified the application effect of this method in the survey area.

In this paper, the authors used the spectrum of IP method to evaluate the IP anomaly with central gradient array for a Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in western Henan Province. V8 multifunctional electrical workstation using the device of 9-channel axial dipole-dipole was employed to collect data. Based on the principle of "from the known to the unknown", the authors summarized the geophysical prospecting indicators which have the combined characteristics of high charge rate, low resistance transition zone, medium time constant and low frequency correlation coefficient. According to the data of geology and mineral resources, the composite IP anomalies characterized by "high—gradient belt (low resistance)—medium—low" were classified and evaluated, and the prospecting target areas were delineated. According to the prospecting target areas, the drilling verification was arranged. The drilling results show that the positioning in the target area of classⅠanomalies led to the discovery of a large-sized concealed orebody in the depth, thus achieving good application effect.

Compared with conventional coal-fired power generation the offshore wind resource is a kind of clean and renewable energy. This paper describes the sub-bottom profile application in the research of offshore wind power. The project mainly detected on the oil pipelines in wind farm area and the data were processed with the supporting software. And the project accurately located the position of the petroleum pipeline and provided a basis for the safe construction of wind farms.

Based on discovering the Chelsea East gold deposit in northeastern Mutawatawa of Zimbabwe, the authors put forward the suitable multivariate-information comprehensive prospecting methods for subtropical continental semi-arid climate of South Africa. The methods combine a variety of geological, geophysical, geochemical and engineering means for comprehensive prospecting process on the premise of the study of ore-forming geological characteristics. Practice has proved that the comprehensive prospecting has remarkable economic and prospecting effect besides its rapidness. Based on an integrated analysis of prospecting methods, the authors present a comprehensive prospecting model suitable for gold exploration in this region, which has important guiding significance for gold polymetallic ore prospecting work in this region or even in whole South Africa.

Located in the southern part of the Baoshan-Zhenkang metallogenic belt, the Zhenkangluziyuan lead-zinc and iron ore deposit of Yunnan possesses a complex geological structure, well-developed multi-stage tectonic magmatic activity, and an excellent metallogenic conditions. Years of comprehensive study and gravity, aeromagnetic and geological exploitation indicate that there exists a concealed rock body in the Luziyuan area. To identify the distribution, undulating shape and depth of the concealed rock body, the authors used the magnetotelluric method (AMT) and three-dimensional gravity inversion method. The distribution and undulating shape of the concealed rock body can be detected by the three-dimensional gravity inversion. The AMT dimensional inversion reflects the deep geological structure and the undulating shape and depth of the concealed rock body. Combined with geological data as well as a comprehensive study of the relationship between the concealed rock body and the lead and zinc iron mineralization at surface and in near-surface place, the authors point out the deep prospecting direction, which provides further guidance for deep prospecting in the exploration area.

Since the derivation of the in-loop full-zone voltage response formula, many papers have dealt with utilizing it to work out the solution for full-zone apparent resistivity, and the conclusions have three points: unique valued, dual-valued and undefined valued. The conclusions are based on mathematical theoretical analysis. They are of course correct, but not perfect. The main characteristic of the full-zone apparent resistivity curve of observed data is continuous or discontinuous. Based on model study, the author concluded that the main characteristics of an observed data on he layered earth are as follows: the full-zone apparent resistivity curves are all discontinuous, and there are three factors, i.e., no unique value exists because measurements are discontinuous, and therefore sampling time is rarely just at the transition point; undefined value exists because observed value is greater than homogeneous half-spaces; wrongly defined value exists when the observed response is lower than homogeneous half-space's. The last term is named by the author firstly. The normalizing processing is the only method to get the continuity of the full-zone apparent resistivity.

The formulation of a proper velocity analysis flow is a prerequisite for implementation of high-precision reverse time migration (RTM), and the choice of migration parameter influences the image result directly as well. Traditional means usually construct a velocity model by interpolating along the layer. The author introduced a 3-step method to construct a more accurate velocity model, and applied it to field data for migration. The result indicates that this 3-step method is capable of eliminating the fault structure and obtaining more reliable image especially for the detailed structure of the salt dome. Besides, the migration parameters are discussed in this paper, including the main frequency of the wavelet, the migration aperture and the grids size for migration. The test in northern Africa shows that the optimization of those parameters helps reduce the problems of inaccurate image, low S/N, numerical dispersion and high computational cost, thus achieving accurate salt dome imaging.

Fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir has complex pore structures and strong heterogeneity, and the identification and evaluation of this kind of reservoirs have become hot and difficult issues in log analysis. This paper systematically describes logging evaluation methods and techniques for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs on the basis of the following 4 aspects: reservoir type identification, reservoir parameters calculation, reservoir effectiveness evaluation, and reservoir fluid property discrimination. On the basis of the correct understanding of various technical points and application conditions, comprehensive utilized of logging technology, and combined with the related means, such as geological, seismic, et al, the efficiency and accuracy of the logging evaluation of carbonate rocks can be improved.

In order to obtain the pure P and SV and SH waves in the TTI media. The rotated staggered grid finite-difference method was used to simulate the waves propagate in the TTI media, and the properties of the P、SV、SH polarization directions perpendicular to each other was used to decompose the coupled waves. This method is testified by thecomparison of the original wave-field and the decomposed wave-fields of a homogeneous media and a complex 6 layers media.

Some work has been done for the measurement mode study of TEM with large current and small size central loop: First, the intensity of stimulating field which changes with the depth was calculated, and a comparison was made with fixed loop; Second, the cut-off time was figured out, followed by a comparison with that of the fixed loop; Third, the model was set as the real layers and theoretical prospecting depth was calculated. Then, the data of the test line were also analyzed. It is concluded that TEM with small size central loop could completely satisfy the requirement of conventional prospecting. TEM of small central loop with large current has obvious advantages in theoretical and practical application, such as reduction of shallow layer dead zone and easy construction.

This paper describes the application of finite difference algorithms in MT method, deduces the algorithms of 1D layered and continuous medium, and proposes a new mesh generation method. Meanwhile, with two-layer or three-layer medium model inversion calculation, the paper demonstrates the correctness of the algorithms and rationality of the grid subdivision method. The authors also designed a kind of continuous medium and made a comparison of the inversion result between two kinds of multiple layered medium models which have different layer approximations, and indicated the necessity of continuous medium model inversion research. For continuous medium model, the fine the grid, the better the approach result. Nevertheless, with the gradual decreasing of the error, the improvement of accuracy becomes not so distinct. However, resource and time consumption will dramatically increase. So decreasing grid spacing without restriction is not necessary. What's more, taking both the error and grid spacing into consideration, the authors conducted second difference calculation in first mesh generation and achieved a new conclusion, which can distinctly improve the calculation result.

Currently, the adoption of the ratio of electric field and magnetic field to calculate the Cagniard resistivity is widely used in traditional CSAMT exploration. However, an analysis of the electromagnetic field components and the apparent resistivity definition method in homogeneous half space and layered media indicates that the apparent resistivity defined by electric field E_x component can improve the problem of the near zone distortion of ratio apparent resistivity. Moreover, the advantage of apparent resistivity defined E_x component has been further verified by the measured field data. Therefore it's not necessary to rigidly stick to using the ratio apparent resistivity in the field CSAMT data acquisition, and the acquisition mode flexibility can be adjusted according to actual conditions so as to improve work quality and efficiency.

Interpretation methods for borehole TEM data are mainly for qualitative interpretation, and their development has been very slow in spite of the fact that the borehole TEM method is an effective method to explore deep orebodies. This paper presents a new quantitative interpretation method based on the equivalent vortex hypothesis. According to the relevant theory, the vectors of anomaly area can intersect at a point, and the anomaly center can be calculated by using the characteristic vector of each station. The method was tested by the interpretation of the model and field data, and the results show that the vector intersection method can be used to correctly locate the center of the blind orebody beside the borehole.

The electrical well logging is one of the high efficiency methods to explore deep mineral resources. The study of efficient and high-accuracy simulations is of important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, 3D forward of electrical well logging was studied with different measurement methods (surface-borehole, borehole-surface, borehole-borehole), the one-dimensional none zero element row compressed storage method was used to store the coefficient matrix and, as a result, the memory requirements and computation were reduced. Using the ICCG method, the authors solved the linear system of equations. The solving efficiency was improved. The corresponding program was developed to achieve different measuring ways (surface-borehole, borehole-surface, borehole-borehole, tilted borehole) to study electrical well logging forward. The results of modeling have verified the correctness of the algorithm and the efficiency. The anomaly characteristics under various conditions are analyzed, which has laid the foundation for further inversion work.

SM-30 magnetic susceptibility instrument is favored by more and more geophysical workers because of its lightweight portability and the fact that it can be used in the field rock and ore magnetic susceptibility rapid analysis. The author summarized its advantages such as lightweight and sensitivity and its disadvantage of relatively low measuring accuracy. British Minisep and MS2 magnetic susceptibility instrument as well as SM-30 magnetic susceptibility instrument were used to make a comparative test for 279 drilling rock ore samples. Although the magnetic susceptibility determination results by the three kinds of instruments show strong correlation, the SM-30 magnetic susceptibility instrument has the shortcoming of low measurement precision, which deserves due attention.

The concept of equivalent offset migration (EOM) method is introduced to vertical seismic profile (VSP) in the paper. The definition of the VSP equivalent offset migration and data processing method based on VSP equivalent offset migration method are also introduced. The EOM method, which has particular advantages in velocity analysis and imaging, provides ideas for VSP scattered wave imaging and velocity analysis. The results of theoretic test and analysis of real data show that the VSP equivalent offset migration method is effective and feasible, and has the prospect of study and application.

Soil survey was conducted in Shunde area with the method of 1:50 000 ecological geochemistry detailed survey to evaluate the source and the current status of heavy metal contamination in soils. A total of 495 samples of soil were collected from Shunde area. The statistical analysis shows that the levels of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, As and Hg are obviously higher than their soil average threshold values in Guangdong, implying heavy pollution. The mean values of heavy metals in soil samples exceed the corresponding background values in Guangdong Province. The mean values of Cd and As are 18 and 6.8 times, respectively, as high as the soil background values. According to different determinations, we divided the study area into four parts: river way, industrial soil (including furniture factory and electric appliance), fishpond land and residential area. The pollution index (P_i) of each metal and the Nemerow integrated pollution index (P_综) were calculated in the different functional zones. The pollution degree is in order of Cd>As>Zn>Cu>Hg>Pb. The Nemerow integrated pollution indexes of the different areas are in order of river way > furniture factory > residential area > fishpond > electric appliance. Combined with the study of water and vegetables in Shunde area, the authors have revealed that the soil-water-plant system has been contaminated. Using the Pearson's correlation coefficient and the principal component analysis, the authors have found that there is a significant positive correlation between Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, which constitute a typical combination of the lead-zinc mine and suggest a delta deposit controlled by natural factors. As comes not only from the river but also from the industrial activity; Hg is mainly derived from anthropogenic source. Combined with the natural mode of occurrence of soil and land-use type, the authors can judge the source of heavy metal in the study area. It is held that the serious contamination of heavy metals and the high adaptive disease in the study area originate from natural depositition and anthropogenic sources.

For maximally preserving original information in data mapping of 1:50 000 geochemical stream sediment survey, the triangulation of MapGIS is generally used to draw flat contour map; nevertheless, because of distribution, the mapsheet edge cannot be effectively controlled, and hence the map is frequently incomplete. By using the discrete data gridding of golden software Surfer to interpolate the non-uniform distribution data of 1:50 000 geochemical stream sediment survey, and using the blank to performing extension processing of the interpolation data, we can reduce the extrapolation area of the discrete data gridding. Using the triangulation of MapGIS to draw geochemical map with the extended data, we can solve the problem of incomplete filling mapsheet in the triangulation drawing of the flat contour map, thus guaranteeing the originality, truth and completion of the geochemical map.

The mesh-free method, as a new numerical method which avoids the mesh generation and possesses the advantages of high precision and simple adaptive analysis, has been widely used in the field of computational mechanics. In this paper, the authors attempt to calculate the point source two-dimensional electric field by using mesh-free method. The moving least square approximation theory is introduced and stiffness matrix of mesh-free method is deduced into shape function structured by moving least squares approximation corresponding to the point source two-dimensional variational problem, and the expression is discretized by Gauss integral containing background grid. At last, the validity of the algorithm is verified by a simple calculation of two-dimensional model.

Grid and TIN are usually used during the computer graphics of medium-large scale geochemical contour maps; nevertheless, the former generates the problem of "excursion of geochemical concentration focus", while the latter can't ensure smooth contours as well as regular border. Aimed at solving these problems, this paper presents a contour generating algorithm for discrete data based on extreme points constraint. Firstly, the original sampling points and grid points are merged. Secondly, the abnormal grid points are rejected. Finally, triangulated irregular networks and track contour lines are built. The original sampling points and grid points are merged to improve accuracy and visualization of contour lines. The experimental results show that geochemical concentration focus coincides with extreme points in the contour map generated by this method, which is visually smooth and edge-expanded.

Because of low efficiency, seismic forward simulation of 3D wave equation by finite difference method cannot be applied to real large-scale product. To deal with this problem, the authors present a parallel accelerating solution based on multi-GPUs heterogeneous cluster. By using CPU/GPU cooperation parallel mode and domain decomposition method, the authors carry out a multi-level parallel strategy of this algorithm. Furthermore, non-blocking MPI communications, storage optimization and parallel I/O mechanism using MPI-IO API are presented to optimize computation efficiency and memory usage. This parallel 3D forward algorithm can effectively support large-scale practical production.

Relative amplitude-preserved processing of seismic data is the basis of lithologic reservoir exploration. However, the systematic theoretical and experimental analysis of relative amplitude preserved-processing for seismic compensation techniques remains very insufficient. In this paper, taking spherical spreading compensation and surface consistent amplitude compensation technique as an example, the authors present the theoretical analysis method and evaluation standards. At first, the relative amplitude-preserved properties of the two methods are analyzed theoretically, then the seismic amplitude compensation methods are applied on the 3D numerical model, finally the compensated results are compared with the original numerical model, and thus the effects on the relative amplitudes of the two compensation methods can be quantitatively analyzed. Theoretical analysis and numerical results indicate that spherical spreading compensation and surface consistent compensation methods do relatively well for amplitude preservation.

As one of the key steps in seismic data processing, stacking can effectively suppress the noise and improve signal-to-noise ratio. In VSP seismic exploration, the imaging precision of the conventional superposition method is greatly limited in the complex structure. In this paper, the authors used the Gaussian beam method as forward modeling method for complex structure, compared the wave field characteristics of model with features of real data, and obtained the appropriate velocity field through adjusting the parameters. The idea of inverse Gaussian beam was adopted in the process of stacking, the common reflection point gathers were obtained by migrating the reflection wave field of real seismic data to the correct position, and then the stacking field characteristics could be acquired by stacking the data in an appropriate bin size. A large number of model tests show that VSP Gaussian beam stacking method can effectively invert the underground structure characteristics. The method was used in the imaging study of M area, and the results show that this method can accurately invert the underground structure characteristics and provide an accurate basis for seismic data processing and interpretation.

Based on Impulse Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR) antenna theory, and according to the requirement of concrete structure detection, This thesis designs a kind of dual-polarized multi-antennas array. The designed antenna array possesses 0.75~2.25GHz frequency bandwidth and good direction. The double polarization enables deeper surveying, and enhances the efficiency of detection. The designed antenna array is successfully applied to three imaging GPR project. The design method is significant for project quality inspection and provides effective support for the design of 3D GPR systems.

GPR profile is designed to the crossed grid in the tunnel, and in some special circumstances required along the tunnel cross section for the circular detection,The profile is a circle connected by start and end. Plane and spherical geologic structureare characterized by arc shape in the radar images. Based on space geometry relation of the circular line and detecting object, the relation formula of the reflected signal is derived and developed software, and the precise detection of geometric parameters of the object can be obtained.

This paper have introduced the application of the electromagnetic wave CT method in highway engineering. And the contrast reaserch about the electromagneitc wave absorption cofficient CT 2D and 3D image have been made. The results show that the 2D image can reflect the undergound structure between two drillings, and 3D image contains more information, such as the electromagneric wave absorption coefficient section of different depths. The 3D image can reproduce the structures of underground medium and provide more detailed information for engineering geological exploration.

Detecting coal mined-out areas with effective measures has been major issue to be addressed in mining area environment management, mine safe production and major construction projects site selection. Based on the fundamental principle of frequency domain electromagnetic method (FDEM), method characteristics of EH-4 and CSAMT was compared and analyzed, electrical characteristic of mined-out area filled with different materials was analyzed through numerical modeling, and practical detecting effect was discussed by typical project cases of EH-4 and CSAMT. Numerical modeling result and engineering practice prove that compared with surrounding rock mined-out area has prominent electrical difference, and base on this physical property mined-out area detecting with FDEM can obtain ideal effect. FDEM is an effective method in detecting coal mined-out area and it has already been an effective technological means in coal mine water prevention and control and geological disaster survey of mined-out area.

Geology radar is a high-resolution engineering geophysical method which has abnormal reactions to karsts, water enriched zone, fault zones as well as the fractured zones and other geological phenomena in the front of the tunnel face. This paper discuss the principles of geological radar in advanced prediction, the layout method of surveying line and the data acquisition methods.The features of the structure and the permittivity difference between the adverse geological phenomena and wall rocks will also be discussed to design possible geological model to carry out forward modeling. The features of forward modeling such as the waveform, the frequency, as well as the amplitude is also the key point in this paper, and this paper summarizes the signal features of adverse geological phenomena in radar, theoretically and tries to do further researches on spectrum characteristic by analyzing the typical radar images, which will give clues to the development of the tunnel prediction.