三维断层模型的MT倾子响应数值模拟

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2025.1116

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摘要

倾子矢量作为大地电磁测深法中的一个重要参数,适用于推断介质横向不均匀的断裂构造。地下断层构造一般具有三维性和复杂性的特点,为了揭示三维断层模型的大地电磁倾子响应特征,本文基于矢量有限元法开展了三维断层模型的大地电磁倾子响应数值模拟。首先,通过理论模型试算,并与前人的有限元法计算结果对比,验证了三维倾子正演计算程序的正确性。在此基础上,分别对直立断层、正断层、逆断层和走滑断层4种典型的三维断层模型进行正演模拟,获得倾子响应的实部、虚部、振幅和相位。模拟结果表明:在两种极化模式下,倾子实部、虚部和振幅响应特征对4种不同类型断层的性质、走向、倾向等信息反映效果明显,同时又表现了断层横向不均匀的边界位置,可作为判别断层类型和特征的重要依据;相比于倾子实部、虚部和振幅的响应特征,倾子相位响应特征较为复杂,难以有效反映断层特征信息。

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关键词 ：大地电磁测深, 三维断层模型, 倾子矢量, 矢量有限元, 数值模拟

Abstract：

The tipper vector,a significant parameter in magnetotelluric(MT) sounding,is applicable to infer fault structures that cause lateral inhomogeneity of media.Subsurface faults typically exhibit three-dimensionality and complexity.To reveal the MT tipper response characteristics in 3D fault models,this study conducted numerical simulations of the MT tipper response in 3D fault models based on the vector finite element method.First,the validity of the 3D tipper forward modeling program was verified through theoretical model calculations and comparisons with previous finite element results.Subsequently,four typical 3D models for vertical,normal,reverse,and strike-slip faults were employed for forward modeling,obtaining the response characteristics of the real part,imaginary part,amplitude,and phase of the tipper.The simulation results are as follows:(1) In two polarization modes,the response characteristics of the real part,imaginary part,and amplitude of the tipper effectively reflect the properties,strikes,and dip directions of the four different faults while indicating the location of the laterally inhomogeneous boundaries,thus serving as a significant basis for discriminating fault types and characteristics;(2)In contrast,the relatively complex response characteristics of the phase fail to effectively mirror the fault characteristics.

Key words： magnetotelluric(MT) sounding 3D fault model tipper vector vector finite element numerical simulation

收稿日期: 2024-03-29 修回日期: 2024-09-26 出版日期: 2025-02-20

ZTFLH:

P631.4

基金资助:中央高校创新团队项目(ZY20215108);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(ZC2022056);中国长江三峡集团有限公司资助科研项目(0799217);廊坊市科技支撑计划项目(2023013184);河北省硕士在读研究生创新能力培养项目(CXZZSS2023184)

通讯作者: 顾观文(1975-),男,博士,教授,主要从事电磁勘探方法与理论、数值模拟及应用研究工作。Email:sun_ggw@163.com

作者简介: 林兴龙(1999-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事地震动力学与地球探测技术研究工作。Email:3040834260@qq.com

引用本文:

林兴龙, 顾观文, 牛兴国, 武晔, 王顺吉, 王英杰, 曹来. 三维断层模型的MT倾子响应数值模拟[J]. 物探与化探, 2025, 49(1): 82-99.
LIN Xing-Long, GU Guan-Wen, NIU Xing-Guo, WU Ye, WANG Shun-Ji, WANG Ying-Jie, CAO Lai. Numerical simulation of MT tipper response based on 3D fault models. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(1): 82-99.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.1116 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I1/82

Fig.1 三维MT数值模拟区域剖面示意(据Shi等^[45]修编)

Fig.2 矢量有限元法的区域剖分示意(据Nam等^[48])
a—区域剖分示意;b—电场分量位置

Fig.3 中心低阻模型示意

Fig.4 二维棱柱体模型电场分量的二维有限元数值解和三维矢量有限元数值解的对比(1 Hz)
a—E_x分量的实部曲线;b—E_x分量的虚部曲线

Fig.5 二维棱柱体模型水平磁场分量的二维有限元数值解和三维矢量有限元数值解的对比(1 Hz)
a—H_y分量的实部曲线;b—H_y分量的虚部曲线

Fig.6 二维棱柱体模型垂直磁场分量的二维有限元数值解和三维矢量有限元数值解的对比(1 Hz)
a—H_z分量的实部曲线;b—H_z分量的虚部曲线

Fig.7 二维棱柱体模型电场分量的二维有限元数值解和三维矢量有限元数值解的对比(0.1 Hz)
a—E_x分量的实部曲线;b—E_x分量的虚部曲线

Fig.8 二维棱柱体模型水平磁场分量的二维有限元数值解和三维矢量有限元数值解的对比(0.1 Hz)
a—H_y分量的实部曲线;b—H_y分量的虚部曲线

Fig.9 二维棱柱体模型垂直磁场分量的二维有限元数值解和三维矢量有限元数值解的对比(0.1 Hz)
a—H_z分量的实部曲线;b—H_z分量的虚部曲线

Fig.10 二维棱柱体模型倾子响应实部的二维有限元数值解和三维矢量有限元数值解的对比

Fig.11 二维棱柱体模型倾子响应虚部的二维有限元数值解和三维矢量有限元数值解的对比

Fig.12 沿北偏东60°方向延伸的直立断层模型示意
a—x-y平面示意;b—垂直于断层走向的的剖面示意

Fig.13 沿北偏东60°方向延伸的直立断层倾子拟断面
a—T_zx倾子实部拟断面;b—T_zy倾子实部拟断面;c—T_zx倾子虚部拟断面;d—T_zy倾子虚部拟断面;e—T_zx倾子振幅拟断面;f—T_zy倾子振幅拟断面;g—T_zx倾子相位拟断面;h—T_zy倾子相位拟断面

Fig.14 频率为0.1 Hz时沿北偏东60°方向延伸的直立断层倾子平面等值线
a—T_zx倾子实部平面等值线;b—T_zy倾子实部平面等值线;c—T_zx倾子虚部平面等值线;d—T_zy倾子虚部平面等值线;e—T_zx倾子振幅平面等值线;f—T_zy倾子振幅平面等值线;g—T_zx倾子相位平面等值线;h—T_zy倾子相位平面等值线

Fig.15 沿北偏东60°方向延伸的正断层模型示意
a—x-y平面示意;b—垂直于断层走向的剖面示意

Fig.16 沿北偏东60°方向延伸的正断层倾子拟断面
a—T_zx倾子实部拟断面;b—T_zy倾子实部拟断面;c—T_zx倾子虚部拟断面;d—T_zy倾子虚部拟断面; e—T_zx倾子振幅拟断面;f—T_zy倾子振幅拟断面;g—T_zx倾子相位拟断面;h—T_zy倾子相位拟断面

Fig.17 频率为0.1 Hz时沿北偏东60°方向延伸的正断层倾子平面等值线
a—T_zx倾子实部平面等值线;b—T_zy倾子实部平面等值线;c—T_zx倾子虚部平面等值线;d—T_zy倾子虚部平面等值线;e—T_zx倾子振幅平面等值线;f—T_zy倾子振幅平面等值线;g—T_zx倾子相位平面等值线;h—T_zy倾子相位平面等值线

Fig.18 沿北偏东60°方向延伸的逆断层模型示意
a—x-y平面示意;b—垂直于断层走向的剖面示意

Fig.19 沿北偏东60°方向延伸的逆断层倾子拟断面
a—T_zx倾子实部拟断面;b—T_zy倾子实部拟断面;c—T_zx倾子虚部拟断面;d—T_zy倾子虚部拟断面;e—T_zx倾子振幅拟断面;f—T_zy倾子振幅拟断面;g—T_zx倾子相位拟断面;h—T_zy倾子相位拟断面

Fig.20 频率为0.1 Hz时沿北偏东60°方向延伸的逆断层倾子平面等值线
a—T_zx倾子实部平面等值线;b—T_zy倾子实部平面等值线;c—T_zx倾子虚部平面等值线;d—T_zy倾子虚部平面等值线;e—T_zx倾子振幅平面等值线;f—T_zy倾子振幅平面等值线;g—T_zx倾子相位平面等值线;h—T_zy倾子相位平面等值线

Fig.21 沿北偏东60°方向延伸的走滑断层模型示意
a—x-y平面示意;b—垂直于断层走向的剖面示意

Fig.22 沿北偏东60°方向延伸的走滑断层倾子拟断面
a—T_zx倾子实部拟断面;b—T_zy倾子实部拟断面;c—T_zx倾子虚部拟断面;d—T_zy倾子虚部拟断面;e—T_zx倾子振幅拟断面;f—T_zy倾子振幅拟断面;g—T_zx倾子相位拟断面;h—T_zy倾子相位拟断面

Fig.23 频率为0.1 Hz时沿北偏东60°方向延伸的走滑断层倾子平面等值线
a—T_zx倾子实部平面等值线;b—T_zy倾子实部平面等值线;c—T_zx倾子虚部平面等值线;d—T_zy倾子虚部平面等值线;e—T_zx倾子振幅平面等值线;f—T_zy倾子振幅平面等值线;g—T_zx倾子相位平面等值线;h—T_zy倾子相位平面等值线

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