This study analyzed the distributions, enrichment characteristics, and health risks of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Hg, As, and Pb) in soil-crop (maize, rice, and wheat) systems in the Shizuishan area, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The results indicate that the contents of heavy metals in the soils were below national background values, with the geoaccumulation index indicating an overall clean soil environment. Different crops showed significant differences in their ability to enrich heavy metals, with Cd and Pb being more enriched in wheat, and As and Hg being more enriched in rice. Moreover, significant correlations were observed between soil pH and heavy metal enrichment coefficients. With an increase in pH value, maize exhibited markedly increased enrichment coefficients for Cr and As, whereas rice manifested a notably decreased enrichment coefficient for As. Soil organic matter inhibited the ability of crops to absorb and enrich heavy metals by reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals. The health risk assessment reveals a high non-carcinogenic risk index for children via the hand-to-mouth route. The As content in some samples exceeded the limit specified in food safety standards, requiring targeted monitoring. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for soil contamination control and safe crop production.
王志强, 倪萍, 张宏绪, 石天池, 杨建锋, 张惠玲. 土壤—农作物系统中重金属元素地球化学特征及健康风险评价[J]. 物探与化探, 2025, 49(4): 943-953.
WANG Zhi-Qiang, NI Ping, ZHANG Hong-Xu, SHI Tian-Chi, YANG Jian-Feng, ZHANG Hui-Ling. Geochemical characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil-crop systems. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(4): 943-953.
Li X N, Ding S K, Chen W P, et al. Construction and application of early warning system for soil environmental quality[J]. Environmental Science, 2020, 41(6):2834-2841.
Zhu L X, Ma S M, Wang Z F, et al. The method for anomaly inspection and ecological appraisal in multi-purpose geochemical survey in plain areas[J]. Chinese Geology, 2004, 31(4):431-435.
Zhang Q L, Xie H Y, Chen J L, et al. Status and existing problems of remediation and stabilization technology of heavy metal contaminated soil[J]. Environmental Protection Science, 2024, 50(3):96-102.
[4]
Cabral-Pinto M M S, Inácio M, Neves O, et al. Human health risk assessment due to agricultural activities and crop consumption in the surroundings of an industrial area[J]. Exposure and Health, 2020, 12(4):629-640.
Li J, Zhu L X, Kang Z Q. Characteristics of transfer and their influencing factors of heavy metals in soil-crop system of peri-urban agricultural soils of Nanning,South China[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2018, 37(1):43-52.
Liu Q Y, Ma Y, Cheng L. Geochemical evaluation of soil quality in Menyuan County,Qinghai[J]. Geology and Exploration, 2022, 58 (3):609-618.
[7]
Zhang L M, Long L L, Zhu Q R, et al. Mechanism and ecological environmental risk assessment of peroxymonosulfate for the treatment of heavy metals in soil[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2024,926:171717.
[8]
Al E A. Assessing of some toxic heavy metals levels and using geo accumulation index in sediment of Shatt Al-Arab and the Iraqi marine region[J]. Baghdad Science Journal, 2019, 16(2):323.
[9]
宋献光. 农用地土壤健康风险评估[J]. 农业工程, 2024, 14(9):141-146.
[9]
Song X G. Soil health risk assessment of agricultural land[J]. Agricultural Engineering, 2024, 14(9):141-146.
[10]
Li C F, Cao J F, Lu J S, et al. Ecological risk assessment of soil heavy metals in different land use type and evaluation of human health[J]. Environ Sci., 2018,39:5628-5638.
Yang J Z, Gong J J, Wang Z L, et al. Enrichment factors, health risk,and source identification of heavy metals in agricultural soils in semi-arid region of Hainan Island[J]. Environmental Science, 2022, 43(10):4590-4600.
Chen K T, Chen S Y, Xue J K, et al. Health risk assessment of multiple exposure pathways of soil heavy metal pollution in China[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2024, 18(7):1964-1976.
Kan W J, Xu M Z, Zuo Q, et al. Health risk assessment and source analysis of heavy metals in agricultural soils in Changping District,Beijing[J/OL]. Journal of Agricultural Environmental Science, 2025:1-15[2025-02-13].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/12.1347.S.20240801.1516.004.html. .
Hu X L, Yan W B, Pei Y, et al. Evaluation and application of heavy metal pollution in landfill humus soil based on human health risk[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2025, 51(1):98-103.
Hu F, Jiang L, Chen Q H, et al. Characteristics,source analysis and health risk evaluation of soil heavy metal contamination in a coal mine concentration area in Ganxi[J/OL]. Environmental Science, 2025:1-18[2025-02-13].https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202405215.
Zhang S Y, Li X M, Ji M, et al. Characterisation and health risk assessment of VOCs at contaminated sites based on multi-media monitoring[J/OL]. Environmental Chemistry, 2025:1-12[2025-02-13].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1844.X.20240925.1610.014.html
Hu X G, Tan J Y, Qin X T, et al. Enrichment characteristics and influencing factors of the heavy metal elements in crops from the primary cultivated areas of tian'e county,Guangxi[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(3):784-792.
Xia F Q, Zhang X, Yang Y, et al. Geochemical characteristics and influencing factors of selenium in soils and agricultural products in Ningguo City,Anhui Province[J]. Soils, 2021, 53(3):585-593.
Yin G Q, Jiang H, Wang Q, et al. Analysis of the sources and characteristics of heavy metals in farmland soil from a typical district in Anhui Province[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2018, 37(1):96-104.
Xia W, Wu D M, Yuan Z Y. Study on the migration and transformation law of heavy metals in soil-crop system[J/OL]. Resources Environment & Engineering, 2018, 32(4):563-568.
Niu H Z, Zhang C, He F, et al. Characteristics of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils and crops and health risk evaluation in the Qinling mining area of Shaanxi[J/OL]. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 2025:1-23[2025-02-13].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/12.1347.S.20241101.1921.004.html.