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物探与化探  2023, Vol. 47 Issue (5): 1326-1335    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2023.1367
  生态地质调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
鲁西北地区某典型化工园区地下水重金属污染特征及健康风险评价
范海印1,2(), 宋蕊蕊1,2, 于林松1,2, 滕永波1,2(), 万方1,2, 张秀文1,2, 李圣玉1,2, 赵闯1,2
1.山东省物化探勘查院,山东 济南 250013
2.地下资源环境高精度探测山东省工程研究中心,山东 济南 250013
Heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment of groundwater in a typical chemical industry park in northwestern Shandong, China
FAN Hai-Yin1,2(), SONG Rui-Rui1,2, YU Lin-Song1,2, TENG Yong-Bo1,2(), WAN Fang1,2, ZHANG Xiu-Wen1,2, LI Sheng-Yu1,2, ZHAO Chuang1,2
1. Shandong Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Jinan 250013, China
2. Shandong Engineering Research Center for High Precision Detection of Underground Resources and Environment, Jinan 250013, China
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摘要 

为了解鲁西北地区某典型化工园区地下水重金属的污染特征,按照化工园区地下水环境状况调查评估要求,采集10件地下水样品,分析Fe、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb等6项重金属元素浓度及空间分布特征,并对不同人群进行健康风险评价。结果表明:①该化工园区地下水重金属元素浓度均小于《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848—2017)中Ⅲ类水质标准,综合污染指数变化范围为0.37~0.68,监测点位重金属元素均为无污染。②重金属元素总体空间分布特征与化工园区内重点企业分布区域基本吻合,说明企业的生产活动等外在因素影响了地下水重金属的空间分布。③儿童的健康风险要低于成人,且皮肤接触途径的健康风险要低于饮用途径。非致癌风险在不同暴露途径下对不同人群均处于可接受水平,致癌物质As和Cd对成人存在轻微的致癌风险。当地主管部门应加强对企业生产活动的监管,对存在疑似污染的企业进行全面排查,才能有效地控制并逐步降低地下水污染对人体造成的健康风险。
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范海印
宋蕊蕊
于林松
滕永波
万方
张秀文
李圣玉
赵闯
关键词 ： 重金属,  地下水,  空间分布,  健康风险,  化工园区    
Abstract：

This study aims to ascertain the heavy metal pollution of groundwater in a typical chemical industry park in northwestern Shandong. According to the investigation and evaluation requirements for groundwater environments in chemical industry parks, this study collected 10 groundwater samples to analyze the concentrations and spatial distributions of eight heavy metals, namely Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, Cd and Pb. Furthermore, it conducted the health risk assessment of groundwater for different populations. The results indicate that: (1) except Mn and Al, all heavy metals in the groundwater of the chemical industry park showed concentrations lower than the class III water quality standard stated in the Standard for Groundwater Quality (GB/T 14848—2017), with a comprehensive pollution index ranging from 0.37 to 0.78. The monitoring points for heavy metal elements are all pollution-free; (2) the overall spatial distributions of heavy metals are roughly consistent with the distribution areas of key enterprises in the chemical industry park. This consistency indicates that external factors such as the production activities of enterprises affect the spatial distributions of heavy metals in groundwater; (3) the health risks are lower for children than for adults and lower via skin contact than via drinking. The non-carcinogenic risks under different exposure routes are acceptable for different populations. Carcinogens As and Cd have slight carcinogenic risks for adults. Local authorities should strengthen the supervision of the production activities of enterprises and thoroughly inspect enterprises with suspected pollution. Only in this way can we effectively control and then gradually reduce the risks to human health caused by groundwater pollution.
Key words： heavy metal    groundwater    spatial distribution    health risk    chemical industry park
收稿日期: 2022-07-18      修回日期: 2022-12-21      出版日期: 2023-10-20
ZTFLH:  X53  
基金资助:山东地矿局科技引领项目(202227)
通讯作者: 滕永波
作者简介: 范海印(1990-),男,山东鄄城人,工程师,主要从事地质矿产及地球化学相关工作。Email:741370828@qq.com
引用本文:   
范海印, 宋蕊蕊, 于林松, 滕永波, 万方, 张秀文, 李圣玉, 赵闯. 鲁西北地区某典型化工园区地下水重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J]. 物探与化探, 2023, 47(5): 1326-1335.
FAN Hai-Yin, SONG Rui-Rui, YU Lin-Song, TENG Yong-Bo, WAN Fang, ZHANG Xiu-Wen, LI Sheng-Yu, ZHAO Chuang. Heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment of groundwater in a typical chemical industry park in northwestern Shandong, China. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2023, 47(5): 1326-1335.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2023.1367      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I5/1326
Fig.1  研究区区域水文地质
Fig.2  研究区平面布置及采样点位分布
参数定义范围 含义
Pi≤1.0 P综≤0.7 无污染
1.0<Pi≤2.0 0.7<P综≤1.0 轻微污染
2.0<Pi≤3.0 1.0<P综≤2.0 轻度污染
3.0<Pi≤5.0 2.0<P综≤3.0 中度污染
Pi>5.0 P综>3.0 重度污染
Table 1  参数取值含义
Fig.3  研究区污染物风险暴露概念模型
参数符号及单位 参数含义 成人参考值 儿童参考值 参数来源
C/(mg·L-1) 污染物浓度 Ci Ci 本次研究
ED/a 持续暴露时间 30 9 [32-3]
ET/(d·a-1) 暴露时间 360 360 [32-3]
EF/(d·a-1) 暴露频率 350 350 [32-3]
SA/cm2 接触的皮肤表面积 16000 9300 [32-3]
PC/(cm·h-1) 皮肤渗透系数 0.0001(Fe)、0.0006(Cu)、0.0006(Zn)、
0.0018(As)、0.001(Cd)、0.000004(Pb)		 [34]
CF/(L·cm-1) 体积转换因子 0.001 0.001 [34]
IR/(L·d-1) 每日平均饮用量 1.70 1.14 [32-3]
BW/kg 平均体重 57.00 23.80 [32-3]
AT/d 平均暴露时间 25500 25500 [32-3]
Table 2  健康风险评价暴露参数值

重金属		 致癌强度系数q/(mg·(kg·d)-1) 日均参考剂量RfD/(mg·(kg·d)-1)
参数来源
饮用途径 皮肤接触途径 饮用途径 皮肤接触途径
Cd 6.1 0.38 0.0005 0.0005 [35-36]
As 1.5 3.66 0.0003 0.0001 [35-36]
Fe 0.3 0.0045 [35-36]
Cu 0.04 0.012 [35-36]
Zn 0.3 0.01 [35-36]
Pb 0.0014 0.0014* [35-36]
Table 3  致癌强度系数(q)和日均参考剂量(RfD)
元素 最小值
/(mg·L-1)		 最大值
/(mg·L-1)		 平均值
/(mg·L-1)		 背景值
/(mg·L-1)		 标准差
/(mg·L-1)		 变异系
数/%		 偏度 峰度 超标率
/%		 国家Ⅲ类
标准
Fe 0.003 0.294 0.133 0.049 0.107 70.9 -0.499 -1.362 0.00 0.3
Cu 0.005 0.756 0.277 0.003 0.268 96.8 0.639 -0.702 0.00 1.00
Zn 0.003 0.762 0.196 0.019 0.255 130.1 1.74 1.946 0.00 1.00
As 0.0005 0.0094 0.0038 0.00057 0.0028 73.7 1.36 0.961 0.00 0.01
Cd 0.00005 0.00245 0.0010 0.00004 0.00082 82.0 0.409 -1.105 0.00 0.005
Pb 0.0005 0.0098 0.0054 0.0009 0.0033 61.1 -0.399 -1.275 0.00 0.01
Table 4  地下水重金属浓度分析统计
Fig.4  单因子污染指数与综合污染指数评价地下水重金属
Fig.5  研究区地下水重金属浓度空间分布特征
Fig.6  两种途径下地下水重金属对儿童和成人的健康风险值箱式图
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