1. Southeast Sichuan Geological Group, Chongqing Bureau of Geology and Minerals Exploration, Chongqing 400038, China 2. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Land Quality Geological Survey, Chongqing 400038, China
This study aims to systematically assess the pollution risk of heavy metals in the soil-crop-human body system along the periphery of mining areas, thus providing a scientific basis for the classified management of ecological risks and safe crop production in mining areas. Hence, this study examined the soil and crops (rice, corn, and sweet potato) in arable land along the periphery of a typical mercury mining area in Chongqing City. The single-factor pollution index (Pi), Nemero composite index (P综), and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model were employed to assess the pollution degree and ecological risk of soil heavy metals for source analysis. Moreover, the human health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) was applied to assess the health risks of local staple crops for residents. The results are as follows: (1) The average contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the soil of the study area were all higher than the topsoil background values of Chongqing and China, suggesting that heavy metals are relatively enriched in topsoil; (2) The single-factor pollution index indicates that the over-limit ratios of Hg and Cd in the soil reached 96.29% and 92.59%, respectively, whereas rice, corn, and sweet potato samples with Cd content exceeding the value specified in the national food safety standard (GB 2762—2022) accounted for 16.67%, 18.75%, and 14.28%, respectively; (3) The Nemero composite index (P综) was between 1.17 and 46.05, suggesting mild to heavy pollution in the study area, with heavy pollution primarily located around the mercury mining area and artisanal mercury smelters, as well as the lower reaches of the Rongxi River; (4) The PMF model analysis demonstrates that the heavy metals in the soil of the study area originate from three sources: natural source (47.21%), mining activities (16.00%), and a mixed source of mining and agricultural activities (36.79%). Specifically, Cd, Cr, and Ni are principally affected by the natural source, Hg by mining activities, As and Pb by the mixed source of mining and agricultural activities, and Cu and Zn are associated with the natural source and the mixed source of mining and agricultural activities; (5) The human health risk model reveals that the consumption of rice, corn, and sweet potato poses composite health risks for both adults and children. Rice consumption exhibits the highest risk index, especially in children, with the main risk factors being As and Cd.
余飞, 王锐, 周皎, 张风雷, 蒋玉莲, 张云逸, 朱世林. 典型汞矿区周边耕地土壤重金属来源解析与农作物健康风险评价[J]. 物探与化探, 2024, 48(3): 847-857.
YU Fei, WANG Rui, ZHOU Jiao, ZHANG Feng-Lei, JIANG Yu-Lian, ZHANG Yun-Yi, ZHU Shi-Lin. Sources of soil heavy metals and health risk assessment of crops in arable land at the periphery of a typical mercury mining area. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(3): 847-857.
Fig.3 内梅罗综合指数法评价结果 Evaluation results of P综 in the study area
Fig.4 研究区土壤重金属污染源成分谱
参数
As
Cd
Cr
Cu
Hg
Ni
Pb
Zn
水稻
最小值/10-6
0.07
0.00
0.06
0.73
0.00
0.16
0.05
15.50
最大值/10-6
0.42
1.20
0.23
3.20
0.01
0.58
0.05
25.00
平均值/10-6
0.24
0.19
0.10
1.95
0.01
0.29
0.05
19.60
超标率/%
0.00
16.67
0.00
-
0.00
-
0.00
-
富集因子
0.019
0.187
0.001
0.050
0.007
0.007
0.001
0.168
玉米
最小值/10-6
0.01
0.01
0.06
1.30
0.00
0.14
ND
16.00
最大值/10-6
0.01
0.14
0.10
2.80
0.00
0.70
ND
25.10
平均值/10-6
0.01
0.05
0.08
1.93
0.00
0.36
ND
18.32
超标率/%
0.00
18.75
0.00
-
0.00
-
0.00
-
富集因子
0.001
0.070
0.001
0.044
0.010
0.008
ND
0.144
红薯
最小值/10-6
0.01
0.01
0.04
1.60
0.00
0.16
0.02
2.00
最大值/10-6
0.02
0.19
0.06
2.40
0.00
0.69
0.05
3.80
平均值/10-6
0.02
0.06
0.05
2.06
0.00
0.34
0.04
3.09
超标率/%
0.00
28.57
0.00
-
0.00
-
0.00
-
富集因子
0.001
0.038
0.001
0.053
0.004
0.006
0.001
0.025
Table 5 研究区耕地土壤重金属含量特征
重金属
CDI
HQ
成人
儿童
成人
儿童
水稻
玉米
红薯
水稻
玉米
红薯
水稻
玉米
红薯
水稻
玉米
红薯
As
0.0010
0.0000
0.0001
0.0026
0.0001
0.0001
3.381
0.098
0.184
8.678
0.252
0.471
Cd
0.0008
0.0002
0.0002
0.0021
0.0006
0.0005
0.834
0.230
0.199
2.140
0.591
0.511
Cr
0.0004
0.0003
0.0002
0.0011
0.0008
0.0006
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
Cu
0.0084
0.0083
0.0088
0.0214
0.0212
0.0226
0.209
0.207
0.220
0.536
0.531
0.566
Hg
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0000
0.0000
0.080
0.052
0.027
0.206
0.133
0.070
Ni
0.0012
0.0015
0.0015
0.0032
0.0040
0.0037
0.062
0.077
0.073
0.158
0.198
0.187
Pb
0.0002
-
0.0002
0.0006
-
0.0004
0.054
-
0.039
0.138
-
0.099
Zn
0.0840
0.0785
0.0132
0.2156
0.2015
0.0339
0.280
0.262
0.044
0.719
0.672
0.113
THQ
4.899
0.926
0.786
12.575
2.376
2.018
Table 6 农作物的重金属摄入量及健康风险指数
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