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物探与化探  2025, Vol. 49 Issue (2): 500-509    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2025.1043
  生态地质调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
金沙江流域底泥重金属污染特征及来源解析——以蜻蛉河为例
程琰勋1,2(), 徐磊1,2, 吴亮1,2(), 赵萌生1,2, 王福华1,2, 钱坤1,2, 郑洪福1,2, 李文辉1,2, 张宏辉1,2
1.中国地质调查局 昆明自然资源综合调查中心,云南 昆明 650100
2.自然资源部 自然生态系统碳汇工程技术创新中心,云南 昆明 650100
Characteristics and source analysis of heavy metal contamination in the sediments of the Jinsha River Basin: A case study of the Qingling River
CHENG Yan-Xun1,2(), XU Lei1,2, WU Liang1,2(), ZHAO Meng-Sheng1,2, WANG Fu-Hua1,2, QIAN Kun1,2, ZHENG Hong-Fu1,2, LI Wen-Hui1,2, ZHANG Hong-Hui1,2
1. Kunming Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Center of China Geological Survey, Kunming 650100, China
2. Technology Innovation Center for Natural Ecosystem Carbon Sink, Ministry of Natural Resources, Kunming 650100, China
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摘要 

为了解金沙江流域底泥重金属的污染特征及来源情况,以金沙江南岸支流龙川江的一级支流蜻蛉河流域为研究区,共选取22个代表性断面布设底泥采样点,对底泥中8种重金属元素As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn含量进行测试分析。通过数据统计分析了底泥重金属元素的含量分布特征和沿程分布特征;运用相关性分析、主成分分析方法探究了重金属的来源;运用地累积指数法、内梅罗指数法对蜻蛉河底泥重金属的污染程度进行了评价。研究结果表明,As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn主要受矿产开采、农业活动和工业活动的共同影响;Cr、Ni主要来源于成土母质,而Ni除了自然来源外,还受到了人为来源的影响。地累积指数法、内梅罗指数法的评价结果表明,8种重金属元素的平均污染程度不高,但存在部分元素在流域局部污染富集,主要集中在老街子Au-Pb-Ag多金属矿区和县城下游的城乡结合区,代表元素为Cd、Hg、Pd和Zn。
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程琰勋
徐磊
吴亮
赵萌生
王福华
钱坤
郑洪福
李文辉
张宏辉
关键词 ： 底泥,  重金属,  污染特征,  来源分析,  金沙江,  蜻蛉河    
Abstract：

To understand the characteristics and sources of heavy metal contamination in the sediments of the Jinsha River basin, this study investigated the Qingling River basin-a primary tributary of Longchuan River on the south bank of the Jinsha River. Samples were collected from the sediments of 22 representative sections, and the concentrations of eight heavy metal elements, i.e., As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, were tested and analyzed. Statistical analysis was conducted on the distribution characteristics of these heavy metal elements in the sediments along the basin. The sources of these heavy metals were investigated using correlation analysis and principal component analysis, and the degree of heavy metal contamination in the sediments was assessed using the geo-accumulation index and the Nemero index. The results indicate that As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn are primarily influenced by mining, agricultural, and industrial activities. Cr and Ni originate primarily from soil-forming parent materials. Besides natural sources, Ni is also affected by anthropogenic sources. The assessment results derived using the geo-accumulation and Nemero indices reveal that the eight heavy metal elements exhibit moderate or low contamination on average. However, partial elements, represented by Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn, exhibit localized enrichment within the basin, primarily concentrated in the Laojiezi Au-Pb-Ag polymetallic mining area and the urban-rural junction in the lower reaches of the county.
Key words： sediment    heavy metal    contamination characteristic    source analysis    Jinsha River    Qingling River
收稿日期: 2024-01-30      修回日期: 2024-05-13      出版日期: 2025-04-20
ZTFLH:  X142  
基金资助:中国地质调查局项目(DD20220987);中国地质调查局项目(ZD20220211)
通讯作者: 吴亮(1985-),男,正高级工程师,主要从事区域地质矿产调查相关工作。Email: 229471514@qq.com
作者简介: 程琰勋(1991-),男,学士,工程师,主要从事地质矿产、生态地质调查相关工作。Email:2553407445@qq.com
引用本文:   
程琰勋, 徐磊, 吴亮, 赵萌生, 王福华, 钱坤, 郑洪福, 李文辉, 张宏辉. 金沙江流域底泥重金属污染特征及来源解析——以蜻蛉河为例[J]. 物探与化探, 2025, 49(2): 500-509.
CHENG Yan-Xun, XU Lei, WU Liang, ZHAO Meng-Sheng, WANG Fu-Hua, QIAN Kun, ZHENG Hong-Fu, LI Wen-Hui, ZHANG Hong-Hui. Characteristics and source analysis of heavy metal contamination in the sediments of the Jinsha River Basin: A case study of the Qingling River. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(2): 500-509.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.1043      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I2/500
Fig.1  研究区位置(a)和底泥样点分布(b)
等级 Igeo值 污染程度
Ⅰ ≤0 无污染
Ⅱ 0~1 轻微污染
Ⅲ 1~2 中度污染
Ⅳ 2~3 中度—重度污染
Ⅴ 3~4 重度污染
Ⅵ 4~5 重度—极度污染
Ⅶ >5 极度污染
Table 1  地累积指数评价指标
等级 P综值 污染程度
Ⅰ ≤0.7 清洁
Ⅱ 0.7~1 尚清洁
Ⅲ 1~2 轻度污染
Ⅳ 2~3 中度污染
Ⅴ >3 重度污染
Table 2  综合污染指数评价指标
项目 As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn
平均值/10-6 10.81 0.38 101.19 33.51 0.04 44.61 115.24 119.20
最小值/10-6 3.79 0.09 74.30 11.90 0.01 20.00 13.00 34.50
中位数/10-6 9.40 0.28 104.50 32.90 0.03 48.75 24.40 98.05
最大值/10-6 28.00 1.66 118.00 68.50 0.18 64.30 1003.00 493.00
标准偏差/10-6 6.29 0.36 11.16 13.83 0.04 12.28 246.67 99.20
变异系数 0.58 0.95 0.11 0.41 0.93 0.28 2.14 0.83
云南省土壤背景值/10-6 10.60 0.27 91.00 40.00 0.07 38.00 39.00 96.00
全国土壤背景值/10-6 9.10 0.15 63.00 23.00 0.05 26.00 25.00 67.00
Table 3  底泥重金属元素含量分析统计
Fig.2  蜻蛉河底泥重金属沿程分布
元素 As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn
As 1 0.710** 0.310 0.808** 0.621** 0.562** 0.817** 0.727**
Cd 1 -0.045 0.839** 0.572** 0.406 0.825** 0.940**
Cr 1 0.283 0.228 0.730** 0.073 0.155
Cu 1 0.617** 0.615** 0.840** 0.852**
Hg 1 0.387 0.500* 0.541**
Ni 1 0.406 0.574**
Pb 1 0.828**
Zn 1
Table 4  底泥重金属相关性分析
重金属元素 主成分 变量共同度
F1 F2
As 0.890 0.019 0.792
Cd 0.885 -0.371 0.921
Cr 0.329 0.911 0.938
Cu 0.945 -0.033 0.894
Hg 0.702 0.009 0.493
Ni 0.682 0.634 0.868
Pb 0.881 -0.273 0.851
Zn 0.922 -0.168 0.878
初始特征值 5.161 1.475
方差贡献率/% 64.507 18.432
累积方差贡献率/% 64.507 82.939
Table 5  底泥重金属含量的主成分分析
Fig.3  底泥重金属主成分载荷
元素 Igeo 比例/%
变化范围 平均值 Igeo<0 0<Igeo<1 1<Igeo<2 2<Igeo<3 3<Igeo<4 4<Igeo<5
As -2.07~0.82 -0.76 81.82 18.18 0 0 0 0
Cd -2.20~2.04 -0.50 77.27 13.63 4.55 4.55 0 0
Cr -0.88~-0.21 -0.44 100.00 0 0 0 0 0
Cu -2.33~0.19 -0.95 90.91 9.09 0 0 0 0
Hg -3.39~0.78 -1.68 90.91 9.09 0 0 0 0
Ni -1.51~0.17 -0.42 90.91 9.09 0 0 0 0
Pb -2.17~4.10 -0.56 72.72 9.09 9.09 0 4.55 4.55
Zn -2.06~1.78 -0.57 81.82 13.63 4.55 0 0 0
Table 6  底泥重金属地累积指数等级分布情况
元素 Pi 比例/%
变化范围 平均值 Pi≤1 1<Pi≤2 2<Pi≤3 Pi>3
As 0.36~2.64 1.02 68.18 22.73 9.09 0
Cd 0.33~6.15 1.41 50.00 36.36 4.55 9.09
Cr 0.82~1.30 1.11 18.18 81.82 0 0
Cu 0.30~1.71 0.84 81.82 18.18 0 0
Hg 0.14~2.57 0.63 81.82 13.63 4.55 0
Ni 0.53~1.69 1.17 31.82 68.18 0 0
Pb 0.33~25.72 2.95 72.72 4.55 4.55 18.18
Zn 0.36~5.14 1.24 45.45 40.91 9.09 4.55
Table 7  底泥重金属单因子污染指数等级分布情况
内梅罗综合
污染指数		 P综 比例/%
变化范围 平均值 P综≤0.7 0.7<P综≤1 1<P综≤2 2<P综≤3 P综>3
0.74~18.54 2.75 0 22.73 45.45 18.18 13.64
Table 8  底泥重金属内梅罗综合污染指数等级分布情况
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