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物探与化探  2024, Vol. 48 Issue (1): 216-227    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2024.1129
  生态地质调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
基于地质大数据技术对云南土壤重金属地质高背景区的划定
肖高强1,2,3(), 赵娟4(), 陈子万2,3,5, 宋旭锋2,3,5, 朱能刚5
1.云南省地质调查局,云南 昆明 650051
2.自然资源部三江成矿作用及资源勘查利用重点实验室,云南 昆明 650051
3.云南省三江成矿作用及资源勘查利用重点实验室,云南 昆明 650051
4.云南省生态环境监测中心,云南 昆明 650034
5.云南省地质调查院,云南 昆明 650216
Delineation of areas with high geological background values of heavy metals in soils in Yunnan Province, China based on geological big data technology
XIAO Gao-Qiang1,2,3(), ZHAO Juan4(), CHEN Zi-Wan2,3,5, SONG Xu-Feng2,3,5, ZHU Neng-Gang5
1. Yunnan Geological Survey, Kunming 650051, China
2. MNR Key Laboratory of Sanjiang Metallogeny and Resources Exploration & Utilization, Kunming 650051, China
3. Key Laboratory of Sanjiang Metallogeny and Resources Exploration and Utilization, Kunming 650051, China
4. Yunan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Yunnan 650034, China
5. Yunnan Institute of Geological Survey, Kunming 650216, China
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摘要 

为系统研究云南省土壤重金属地质高背景区的分布范围及超标元素,以全省1∶20万水系沉积物重金属元素含量数据和区域地质图为基础,采用GIS空间分析功能,并利用昆明、玉溪、昭通等地区的土壤重金属数据进行验证,确定云南省土壤重金属含量值超农用地筛选值的地质单元61个,占全省国土面积的21.09%,其中位于地质高背景区的耕地面积约284.41万公顷,占全省国土面积的7.22%;影响土壤重金属超标的岩性主要为碳酸盐岩、基性—超基性火山岩、中基性侵入岩、含煤碎屑岩和含基性组分碎屑岩;地质高背景区超标重金属元素主要为Cu、Cr、Ni、Cd,而As主要于碳酸盐岩地层中存在超标风险,Pb、Zn仅于个别地层中存在超标风险,Hg基本无超标风险。
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肖高强
赵娟
陈子万
宋旭锋
朱能刚
关键词 ： 土壤重金属,  地质高背景区,  地质大数据,  30米全球地表覆盖数据,  云南省    
Abstract：

This study aims to systematically investigate the distribution and over-limit elements of areas with high geological background values of heavy metals in soils in Yunnan Province. GIS spatial analysis was conducted based on the heavy metal content data from a province-wide 1∶200,000 stream sediment survey and the regional geological map. The analysis results were validated using the data of heavy metals in soils in Kunming, Yuxi, Zhaotong, and other regions. A total of 61 geological units were identified, with heavy metal content in soils exceeding the screening values of agricultural land, accounting for 21.09% of the total land area of Yunnan. The cultivated land in high geological background areas covers an area of approximately 2.844 1 million hectares, accounting for 7.22% of the total land area of Yunnan. The lithologies that cause over-limit heavy metals in soils primarily comprise carbonate rocks, mafic-ultramafic volcanic rocks, intermediate mafic intrusive rocks, coal-bearing clastic rocks, and clastic rocks with mafic components. The over-limit heavy metal elements in high geological background areas are dominated by Cu, Cr, Ni, and Cd. In contrast, As manifests an over-limit risk mainly in carbonate rock formations, Pb and Zn only exhibit an over-limit risk in individual strata, and Hg almost shows no over-limit risk.
Key words： heavy metal in soil    high geological background area    geological big data    30 m global land cover data    Yunnan Province
收稿日期: 2023-03-21      修回日期: 2023-06-20      出版日期: 2024-02-20
ZTFLH:  P632  
  X826  
基金资助:中央土壤污染防治专项资金(云污防土〔2018〕17号);中国地质调查局项目(DD20160313-04)
通讯作者: 赵娟(1983-),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事土壤和地下水污染防治方面的工作。Email:77563779@qq.com
作者简介: 肖高强(1983-),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事环境和勘查地球化学研究工作。Email:13057980@qq.com
引用本文:   
肖高强, 赵娟, 陈子万, 宋旭锋, 朱能刚. 基于地质大数据技术对云南土壤重金属地质高背景区的划定[J]. 物探与化探, 2024, 48(1): 216-227.
XIAO Gao-Qiang, ZHAO Juan, CHEN Zi-Wan, SONG Xu-Feng, ZHU Neng-Gang. Delineation of areas with high geological background values of heavy metals in soils in Yunnan Province, China based on geological big data technology. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(1): 216-227.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2024.1129      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I1/216
Fig.1  云南省1∶25万土地质量地球化学调查工作程度
Fig.2  昆明—玉溪和昭通—会泽地区土壤和水系沉积物中重金属元素含量对比
序号 地层代码 地层名称 总点数/个 超标点
数比例/%		 地层面积/
km2		 超标面
积比例/%		 主要岩性
1 SDq 青山组 112 92.0 470 95.5 灰岩
2 Dd 达莲塘组 283 85.2 1077 93.5 灰岩、硅质岩、页岩
3 Dlh 莲花曲组 47 93.6 192 98.3 灰岩、页岩
4 Dg 古木组 296 80.7 1189 89.5 灰岩、白云岩
5 Dgg 干沟组 26 96.2 97 98.6 灰岩、白云岩
6 D2d 东岗岭组 168 97.0 644 96.3 灰岩、白云岩
7 D2q 曲靖组 470 84.0 1863 86.9 灰岩、白云岩、页岩、硅质岩
8 Dl 榴江组 69 92.8 343 99.5 灰岩、硅质岩
9 D2-3d-g 东岗岭组、革当组并层 11 100.0 42 100.0 灰岩
10 D2-3q-zj 曲靖组、一打得组、在结山组并层 14 85.7 60 100.0 白云岩、页岩、煤
11 D2-3y-zj 一打得组、在结山组并层 46 97.8 191 100.0 灰岩
12 Dy 一打得组 116 80.2 466 92.0 灰岩、页岩
13 D3g 革当组 168 95.8 673 96.0 灰岩、白云岩
14 D3zj 在结山组 177 85.9 674 92.2 灰岩、白云岩
15 D3-C1z-y 海口组、宰格组、炎方组并层 13 92.3 46 98.8 白云岩、灰岩、页岩
16 DCy 炎方组 53 94.3 207 96.3 白云岩、灰岩、页岩、煤
17 C1-2w-d 万寿山组、大埔组并层 271 86.7 1029 94.8 灰岩、白云岩、页岩、煤
18 C1b 坝达组 19 100.0 63 94.8 灰岩、硅质灰岩、硅质岩
19 C1pz 平掌组 171 89.5 683 90.1 玄武岩、灰岩
20 C1-2h-m 黄龙组、马平组并层 247 89.9 1035 97.8 灰岩
21 Ch 黄龙组 798 96.1 3199 97.2 灰岩
22 Cw-m 石炭系全系并层 134 82.8 575 90.0 灰岩
23 Cy 鱼塘寨组 221 94.1 894 95.7 灰岩、白云岩
24 C2m 马平组 21 95.2 111 99.0 灰岩
25 Cj 尖山营组 109 98.2 448 99.7 灰岩
26 C2s 水长阱组 19 100.0 89 100.0 灰岩
27 C-Pt 他披组 22 86.4 67 80.4 灰岩
28 C2d-w 丁家寨组、卧牛寺组并层 266 82.3 1051 83.1 玄武岩、灰岩
29 Cx 响姑组 62 85.5 245 94.0 灰岩、变基性火山岩
30 P1l-y 梁山组、阳新组并层 2574 93.5 10251 95.8 灰岩、页岩、煤
31 P1y 阳新组 809 95.2 3176 97.6 灰岩、白云岩
32 P1d 大名山组 199 93.5 786 97.3 灰岩、白云岩
33 P1bm-s 丙麻组、沙子坡组下部并层 60 88.3 228 83.3 灰岩、铁铝质页岩
34 Pe 峨眉山玄武岩 4222 98.6 16983 99.1 玄武岩
35 P1-2e-l 峨眉山玄武岩、龙潭组并层 23 95.7 100 87.4 玄武岩、页岩、煤
36 P2w 吴家坪组 220 93.2 906 97.8 灰岩、铁铝质泥质岩
37 P2l 龙潭组 160 98.8 647 99.5 页岩、硅质岩、煤
38 P2x 宣威组 439 97.5 1694 99.2 页岩、砂岩、煤
39 P2h 黑泥哨组 310 96.5 1195 98.6 灰岩、页岩、煤
40 Pg 冈达概组 314 86.6 1276 90.7 玄武岩
41 T1l 罗楼组 39 92.3 159 99.4 白云岩、灰岩
42 T1x 洗马塘组 61 96.7 222 98.1 泥岩、页岩、粉砂岩
43 T1f 飞仙关组 436 96.6 1831 97.4 泥岩、页岩、粉砂岩
44 Td 东川组 151 94.7 574 99.7 泥岩、页岩、粉砂岩
45 T1q 青天堡组 249 96.4 943 96.8 泥岩、页岩、粉砂岩
46 T1-2x-j 洗马塘组、嘉陵江组并层 21 100.0 84 100.0 灰岩、白云岩、页岩、粉砂岩
47 T1-2f-j 飞仙关组、嘉陵江组并层 636 89.2 2591 92.2 灰岩、白云岩、页岩、粉砂岩
48 T1-2d-j 东川组、嘉陵江组并层 174 95.4 695 97.7 灰岩、白云岩、页岩、粉砂岩
49 Tj 嘉陵江组 707 93.4 2808 97.9 灰岩、白云岩
50 Tn 尼汝组 300 81.7 1217 85.9 灰岩、砂岩、玄武岩
51 T2g 个旧组 1503 92.5 5951 96.7 灰岩、白云岩
52 T2gl 关岭组 1465 85.2 5843 93.1 灰岩、白云岩、页岩
53 T2b 北衙组 832 87.5 3440 93.3 灰岩
54 T3nh 牛喝塘组 120 85.0 448 96.8 玄武岩
55 νδ 13 92.3 64 95.3 辉长闪长岩
56 βμ 243 88.1 976 87.8 辉绿岩、辉长辉绿岩
57 N 8 87.5 30 96.4 基性岩
58 Σ-Ν 27 81.5 97 85.5 基性—超基性岩
59 σ 28 96.4 85 96.3 橄榄岩—橄辉岩
60 ψι 2 100.0 7 90.5 辉石岩
61 φω 14 100.0 47 82.5 蛇纹岩
Table 1  云南省土壤重金属地质高背景区划定结果
Fig.3  云南省土壤重金属地质高背景区分布
地层代码 地层名称 总点数/个 超标点数
比例/%		 地层代码 地层名称 总点数/个 超标点数
比例/%
D2q 曲靖组 142 88.0 Pe 峨眉山玄武岩 1629 99.9
D2-3q-zj 曲靖组、一打得组、在结山组并层 15 100.0 P1-2e-l 峨眉山玄武岩、龙潭组并层 20 100.0
D2-3y-zj 一打得组、在结山组并层 4 100.0 P2l 龙潭组 91 100.0
Dy 一打得组 54 98.1 P2x 宣威组 209 100.0
D3zj 在结山组 105 100.0 T1f 飞仙关组 96 97.9
D3-C1z-y 海口组、宰格组、炎方组并层 3 66.7 Td 东川组 119 100.0
C1-2w-d 万寿山组、大埔组并层 54 94.4 T1-2f-j 飞仙关组、嘉陵江组并层 431 100.0
C1-2h-m 黄龙组、马平组并层 38 100.0 T1-2d-j 东川组、嘉陵江组并层 171 100.0
Ch 黄龙组 34 82.4 Tj 嘉陵江组 22 100.0
Cw-m 石炭系全系并层 50 100.0 T2gl 关岭组 264 96.2
C2m 马平组 4 100.0 βμ 辉绿岩、辉长辉绿岩 11 63.6
P1l-y 梁山组、阳新组并层 1256 99.5 Σ-Ν、σ、φω 基性—超基性岩 17 88.2
P1y 阳新组 61 93.4 总计 4900 98.8
Table 2  昆明—玉溪、昭通—会泽地区地质高背景单元土壤重金属污染风险评价结果
岩性组合 As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn
碳酸盐岩 33.0 0.48 156 62.1 0.126 77.1 39.6 134
碳酸盐岩与(含煤)碎屑岩并层 16.9 0.37 159 72.7 0.078 66.1 31.2 121
碳酸盐岩与基性火山岩并层 14.7 0.19 160 61.3 0.061 71.4 22.5 103
含煤碎屑岩 6.10 0.20 210 128 0.038 75.5 20.7 122
含基性组分碎屑岩 7.30 0.20 224 89.8 0.040 78.0 22.0 116
基性—超基性火山岩 6.00 0.20 141 179 0.045 67.1 22.0 131
中基性侵入岩 9.20 0.25 103 90.6 0.062 65.0 18.7 135
超标风险评价值 40 0.30 150 50 1.80 70 90 200
Table 3  土壤重金属地质高背景区水系沉积物中重金属中位值统计
岩性组合 样品数/个 As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn
碳酸盐岩 6664 40.19 64.33 53.24 68.01 0.48 59.11 8.55 24.94
碳酸盐岩与(含煤)碎屑岩并层 6452 22.74 59.21 54.51 74.50 0.14 43.60 5.10 11.21
碳酸盐岩与基性火山岩并层 799 12.64 24.16 54.69 66.08 0.50 51.81 3.25 3.00
含煤碎屑岩 909 10.56 23.10 81.85 87.35 0.11 65.24 2.20 4.40
含基性组分碎屑岩 897 5.57 24.41 76.81 96.43 0.00 66.33 1.23 2.23
基性—超基性火山岩 4758 3.40 28.35 45.06 94.43 0.04 43.32 2.40 2.84
中基性侵入岩 256 5.47 36.33 17.58 83.59 0.00 41.41 3.91 11.72
总计 20735 22.03 49.05 53.65 78.29 0.23 50.74 5.21 12.70
Table 4  土壤重金属地质高背景区水系沉积物中重金属超标比例统计
岩性组合 总面积/
万公顷		 耕地面积/
万公顷		 比例/
%
碳酸盐岩 267.18 87.44 32.73
碳酸盐岩与(含煤)碎屑岩并层 259.43 102.55 39.53
碳酸盐岩与基性火山岩并层 31.95 8.95 28.00
含煤碎屑岩 35.37 12.48 35.30
含基性组分碎屑岩 35.71 12.90 36.14
基性—超基性火山岩 190.73 56.48 29.61
中基性侵入岩 10.40 3.61 34.70
合计 830.77 284.41 34.23
Table 5  云南省土壤重金属地质高背景区耕地面积统计
Fig.4  云南省土壤重金属地质高背景区耕地分布
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