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物探与化探  2023, Vol. 47 Issue (5): 1361-1370    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2023.1433
  生态地质调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
汉江上游水体沉积物污染状况分析与评价
杨婵1(), 吴娟娟1, 车旭曦1, 岳思羽1,2, 刘智峰1,2, 宋凤敏1,2()
1.陕西理工大学 化学与环境科学学院,陕西 汉中 723001
2.秦巴生物资源与生态环境国家重点实验室(培育),陕西 汉中 723001
Pollution analysis and assessment of sediments in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River
YANG Chan1(), WU Juan-Juan1, CHE Xu-Xi1, YUE Si-Yu1,2, LIU Zhi-Feng1,2, SONG Feng-Min1,2()
1. School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology,Hanzhong 723001, China
2. Key Laboratory of Qinba Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Cultivation),Hanzhong 723001, China
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摘要 

为研究汉江上游水体沉积物污染状况及其来源,以汉江上游水体17个样点沉积物为对象,测定了沉积物中有机氯化合物(α-666;β-666;γ-666;δ-666;4,4’-DDE;4,4’-DDD;2,4’-DDT;4,4’-DDT)和重金属元素(V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb)的含量,采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数评价了重金属污染状况,并结合冗余分析和多元统计分析探讨沉积物理化性质与重金属的关系以及重金属的来源。结果表明,所有样点沉积物中有机氯化合物的含量水平均较低,未对生态环境产生影响,但仍需注意预防此类污染;所有样点重金属除Cd为偏强度污染程度外,其余元素均显示为无污染—轻度污染程度。潜在生态风险分析显示,重金属元素总体处于极重潜在风险,对环境造成污染的样点中贡献最大的是Cd,是研究区域环境生态风险的主要影响因子;冗余分析表明该研究区域沉积物的理化性质和重金属含量没有显著性关系;多元统计分析表明,Cd、Pb可能与农业生产资料(化肥、农药等)的施用和工业“三废”的排放有关,属于人为源; V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As的含量主要与岩石的自然风化有关,部分样点与工业废水和农业活动有关,污染源主要是自然源。综合研究表明,由Cd污染为主的汉江上游沉积物重金属潜在生态危害应引起重视。
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杨婵
吴娟娟
车旭曦
岳思羽
刘智峰
宋凤敏
关键词 ： 汉江上游,  沉积物,  有机氯化合物,  重金属,  污染风险评价    
Abstract：

To ascertain the pollution characteristics and source of sediments in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River, this study collected sediment samples at 17 sampling sites in the study area. Based on these samples, this study determined the concentrations of organochlorine compounds (α-666;β-666;γ-666;δ-666;4,4'-DDE;4,4'-DDD;2,4'-DDT; and 4,4'-DDT) and heavy metals (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) in the sediments. Then, it assessed the heavy metal pollution using the geoaccumulation and potential ecological risk indices. Furthermore, through redundancy analysis and multivariate statistical analysis, this study explored the sources of heavy metals and the relationships between the physicochemical properties of the sediments and heavy metals concentrations. The results indicate that: (1) The organochlorine compounds in the sediments at all sampling sites show low concentrations, without affecting the ecological environment. However, attention should be paid to the pollution caused by organochlorine compounds; (2) All the heavy metals from the sampling sites show non-pollution or mild pollution, except for Cd, which caused slightly strong pollution; (3) As revealed by the analysis of potential ecological risks, heavy metals generally show extremely high potential risks. Cd, which causes the most serious environmental pollution at the sampling sites, serves as the main factor influencing the environmental and ecological risks in the study area; (4) The redundancy analysis shows that there is no significant relationship between the physicochemical properties of sediments and the concentrations of heavy metals in the study area; (5) As revealed by the multivariate statistical analysis, Cd and Pb may be related to the application of agricultural materials (e.g., chemical fertilizers and pesticides) and the discharge of waste gas, wastewater, and industrial residue, indicating anthropogenic sources; the concentrations of V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and As are related to the natural weathering of rocks mainly and to industrial wastewater and agricultural activities partially, indicating dominant natural sources. The comprehensive study shows that the potential ecological hazards caused by heavy metals (dominated by Cd) in the sediments should be treated seriously.
Key words： upper reaches of the Hanjiang River    sediment    organochlorine compound    heavy metal    pollution risk assessment
收稿日期: 2022-08-29      修回日期: 2023-02-22      出版日期: 2023-10-20
ZTFLH:  X820.4  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(22073059);陕西省教育厅科研专项(20JY008);陕西省教育厅科研专项(20JS017);陕西理工大学秦巴生物资源与生态环境重点实验室“市校共建”科研专项(SXJ-2016)
通讯作者: 宋凤敏
作者简介: 杨婵(1998-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事分析化学研究工作。Email:yc1487819481@163.com
引用本文:   
杨婵, 吴娟娟, 车旭曦, 岳思羽, 刘智峰, 宋凤敏. 汉江上游水体沉积物污染状况分析与评价[J]. 物探与化探, 2023, 47(5): 1361-1370.
YANG Chan, WU Juan-Juan, CHE Xu-Xi, YUE Si-Yu, LIU Zhi-Feng, SONG Feng-Min. Pollution analysis and assessment of sediments in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2023, 47(5): 1361-1370.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2023.1433      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I5/1361
Fig.1  汉江上游沉积物采样点分布
地累积指数Igeo Igeo< 0 0≤I geo< 1 1≤I geo< 2 2≤I geo< 3 3≤I geo< 4 4≤I geo< 5 I geo≥5
等级 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
污染程度 无污染 无—中污染 中度污染 中强污染 强污染 强—极强污染 极强污染
Table 1  沉积物中重金属的地累积指数污染程度分类
单金属潜在生态
风险指数(Ei)		 综合潜在生态风
险指数(R)		 潜在生态
风险等级
Ei < 30 R< 80 轻度污染
30≤Ei <60 80≤R < 160 中度污染
60≤Ei<120 160≤R <240 偏重污染
120≤Ei<240 240≤R < 320 重度污染
Ei≥240 R≥320 极重污染
Table 2  潜在生态风险指数划分标准
Fig.2  各采样点重金属含量分布
重金属 最大值/10-6 最小值/10-6 平均值/10-6 标准差/10-6 超标率/% 变异系数/% 陕西省土壤
重金属背景
值[15]/10-6
V 108.21 18.88 46.49 23.08 5.88 49.65 76.40
Cr 54.18 12.33 35.63 10.76 11.76 30.20 51.90
Mn 2855.13 110.14 673.15 571.20 58.82 84.85 482.00
Co 22.75 3.54 11.17 4.59 41.18 39.20 11.20
Ni 75.67 3.38 24.78 18.66 17.65 75.30 28.60
Cu 56.50 8.12 22.10 12.43 41.18 56.24 20.40
Zn 156.98 13.06 48.93 30.31 11.76 61.95 68.00
As 32.39 1.45 10.21 6.44 35.29 63.08 11.10
Cd 14.85 0.16 2.22 3.36 100 151.35 0.10
Pb 40.93 11.01 20.86 8.51 35.29 40.80 21.2
Table 3  汉江上游表层沉积物中重金属总量分析结果统计(n=17)
样点 pH 总磷TP/
10-3		 铵态氮NH3-N/
10-6
S1 7.24 0.28 2.38
S2 7.42 0.24 1.93
S3 7.50 0.25 2.10
S4 6.93 0.91 0.96
S5 7.66 0.25 2.16
S6 7.53 0.24 1.54
S7 7.39 0.25 2.89
S8 6.78 0.25 3.03
S9 7.60 0.90 1.51
S10 7.49 0.74 1.56
S11 7.35 1.44 2.24
S12 6.99 0.31 1.63
S13 7.85 0.59 0.82
S14 7.23 0.25 0.02
S15 7.22 0.67 1.11
S16 7.26 0.25 2.21
S17 7.35 0.29 1.73
均值 7.34 0.48 1.75
Table 4  沉积物的理化性质
元素 地累积指数(Igeo) 不同污染等级样点个数
最大值 最小值 均值 0级 1级 2级 3级 4级 5级 6级 7级
V -0.08 -2.60 -1.45 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cr -0.52 -2.66 -1.21 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mn 1.98 -2.71 -0.40 14 2 1 0 0 0 0 0
Co 0.44 -2.25 -0.72 15 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ni 0.82 -3.67 -1.14 15 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cu 0.88 -1.91 -0.68 13 4 0 0 0 0 0 0
Zn 0.62 -2.97 -1.25 16 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
As 0.96 -3.52 -0.96 16 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cd 6.63 0.09 2.94 0 1 4 4 3 4 0 1
Pb 0.36 -1.53 -0.72 15 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 5  汉江上游沉积物中重金属的地累积污染等级统计
样点 单项潜在生态风险系数(Ei) 综合潜在生态
危害指数(R)
V Cr Mn Co Ni Cu Zn As Cd Pb
S1 1.12 1.58 1.16 4.26 4.83 5.13 0.53 5.29 327 4.26 355.16
S2 2.83 2.03 5.92 10.16 11.77 13.85 1.06 29.18 264 7.06 347.85
S3 0.60 0.48 0.85 3.03 2.38 3.55 0.42 3.84 96 2.90 114.04
S4 1.13 1.57 1.36 6.52 5.01 7.55 0.79 12.52 894 6.33 936.78
S5 1.74 2.09 1.62 7.61 13.23 10.26 2.31 12.36 222 4.77 277.99
S6 0.90 0.97 0.84 3.36 2.07 2.65 0.44 6.85 1266 4.27 1288.35
S7 0.91 1.22 0.97 3.68 2.23 3.14 0.58 7.27 153 9.02 182.03
S8 0.95 1.29 0.87 2.67 2.08 2.37 0.55 5.60 204 3.12 223.52
S9 0.49 1.53 1.49 5.83 4.24 6.08 0.76 7.72 4455 9.65 4492.81
S10 0.78 1.12 0.82 3.38 2.11 2.64 0.43 6.21 126 4.68 148.16
S11 1.09 1.48 1.49 4.95 5.19 5.65 0.77 10.67 447 3.87 482.14
S12 1.86 1.75 1.52 5.83 4.95 6.70 0.92 11.31 591 5.55 631.39
S13 1.26 1.34 1.17 5.38 4.03 4.94 0.73 10.46 990 5.28 1024.59
S14 0.68 0.70 0.23 1.58 0.59 1.99 0.47 1.31 408 2.60 418.14
S15 0.99 1.33 1.04 4.84 3.73 4.64 0.67 8.86 741 3.54 770.66
S16 1.07 1.11 0.86 4.38 1.92 3.15 0.19 7.36 48 2.75 70.80
S17 2.29 1.75 1.52 7.27 3.27 7.76 0.62 9.59 108 3.99 146.06
均值 1.22 1.37 1.40 4.98 4.33 5.42 0.72 9.20 667 4.92 700.62
Table 6  汉江上游表层沉积物中重金属潜在生态风险系数
元素 V Cr Mn Co Ni Cu Zn As Cd Pb
V 1
Cr 0.748** 1
Mn 0.773** 0.609** 1
Co 0.829** 0.854** 0.811** 1
Ni 0.669** 0.793** 0.717** 0.824** 1
Cu 0.828** 0.831** 0.849** 0.964** 0.900** 1
Zn 0.455 0.693** 0.352 0.605* 0.875** 0.686** 1
As 0.810** 0.705** 0.950** 0.888** 0.770** 0.885** 0.458 1
Cd -0.321 0.080 -0.015 0.096 -0.028 0.032 0.019 -0.042 1
Pb 0.105 0.409 0.375 0.423 0.281 0.368 0.229 0.389 0.581* 1
Table 7  沉积物重金属含量与理化性质的Pearson相关性系数
成分 初始特征值 提取载荷平方和
总计 方差/% 累积/% 总计 方差/% 累积/%
1 6.484 64.841 64.841 6.484 64.841 64.841
2 1.635 16.347 81.188 1.635 16.347 81.188
3 0.939 9.390 90.578
4 0.357 3.569 94.147
5 0.334 3.339 97.486
6 0.105 1.051 98.536
7 0.077 0.773 99.310
8 0.051 0.512 99.822
9 0.013 0.126 99.948
10 0.005 0.052 100.000
Table 8  沉积物重金属主成分分析
重金属 成分
主成分1 主成分2
V 0.848 -0.378
Cr 0.881 0.071
Mn 0.864 -0.041
Co 0.962 0.052
Ni 0.912 -0.055
Cu 0.980 -0.016
Zn 0.706 0.013
As 0.919 -0.054
Cd 0.019 0.930
Pb 0.424 0.782
Table 9  沉积物重金属初始因子载荷矩阵
Fig.3  重金属系统聚类分析树状图
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