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物探与化探  2024, Vol. 48 Issue (3): 834-846    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2024.1270
  生态地质调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
浅山区典型小流域土壤重金属影响因素及来源分析
史敬涛1(), 刘俊建1(), 张军超2, 王江玉龙1, 姜禹戈1, 王末1, 李横飞1, 杨文号1, 颜翔锦3
1.中国地质调查局 廊坊自然资源综合调查中心,河北 廊坊 065000
2.平泉市水土保持建设服务中心,河北 平泉 067500
3.中国地质调查局 牡丹江自然资源综合调查中心,黑龙江 牡丹江 157000
Analysis of soil heavy metal influencing factors and sources in typical small watersheds in shallow mountainous area
SHI Jing-Tao1(), LIU Jun-Jian1(), ZHANG Jun-Chao2, WANG Jiang-Yu-Long1, JIANG Yu-Ge1, WANG Mo1, LI Heng-Fei1, YANG Wen-Hao1, YAN Xiang-Jin3
1. Langfang Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Center,China Geological Survey,Langfang 065000,China
2. Pingquan Soil and Water Conservation Construction Service Center,Pingquan 067500,China
3. Mudanjiang Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Center,China Geological Survey,Mudanjiang 157000,China
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摘要 

本次研究调查了平泉市瀑河流域不同岩性岩石及所形成的土壤中8种重金属元素及相关氧化物的含量,分析了浅山区典型小流域土壤重金属元素影响因素及来源,以期为京津冀水源涵养生态修复提供理论支撑。通过选取表层、深层土壤和成土母岩中的重金属元素为研究对象,以土壤重金属含量为基础,以空间分布为依据,并结合区域地质背景,采用多项统计方法深入分析其影响因素及来源。结果显示,研究区表层与深层的土壤重金属元素含量较为相近,且其空间分布具有耦合性,在垂向分布上,重金属元素在表层土壤和成土母岩中的相关系数为负值,而在深层土壤和成土母岩中的相关系数为正值。该结果表明,在表层土壤中,Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn和Pb等主要来源于成土母岩,而Cd、Hg和As等则受控于矿业开采的影响;在深层土壤中,8种重金属元素的主要来源是成土母岩,而Cd和As则受成土母岩和人为因素的共同影响。
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史敬涛
刘俊建
张军超
王江玉龙
姜禹戈
王末
李横飞
杨文号
颜翔锦
关键词 ： 浅山区小流域,  土壤重金属,  影响因素,  矿业开采,  来源    
Abstract：

This study investigated the contents of eight heavy metals and related oxides in rocks with different lithologies and the soils formed in the Puhe river basin of Pingquan City. Based on the above investigation, this study analyzed the influencing factors and sources of soil heavy metals in the typical small watershed of the shallow mountainous area, aiming to provide theoretical support for water conservation and ecological restoration in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Based on the contents and spatial distributions of soil heavy metals and combined with regional geological setting, this study delved into the influencing factors and sources of heavy metal elements in topsoil, deep soil, and soil parent materials using multiple statistical methods. The results show that heavy metals in topsoil and deep soil exhibited relatively similar contents and coupled spatial distributions. In terms of vertical distributions, the correlation coefficients of heavy metals were negative between topsoil and soil parent materials but positive between deep soil and soil parent materials. As indicated by the results, in the topsoil, elements Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb are primarily derived from soil parent materials, while elements Cd, Hg, and As are subjected to the influence of mining. In contrast, the eight heavy metals in the deep soil predominantly stem from soil parent materials, with anthropogenic factors contributing to Cd and As.
Key words： small watershed in the shallow mountainous area    soil heavy metal    influencing factor    mining    source
收稿日期: 2023-06-19      修回日期: 2023-10-20      出版日期: 2024-06-20
ZTFLH:  X825  
  X142  
基金资助:中国地质调查局项目“滦河流域中上游生态修复支撑调查”(DD20220954);自然资源部自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室项目“滦河中游植被组成与土壤水分和养分相互作用机理”(2022KFKTC009)
通讯作者: 刘俊建(1978-),男,博士,副研究员,主要从事生态环境与资源评价及地下水土污染防控工作。Email:liujunjian@mail.cgs.gov.cn
作者简介: 史敬涛(1995-),男,本科,助理工程师,主要从事生态修复与地球化学方面的科研工作。Email:1083231319@qq.com
引用本文:   
史敬涛, 刘俊建, 张军超, 王江玉龙, 姜禹戈, 王末, 李横飞, 杨文号, 颜翔锦. 浅山区典型小流域土壤重金属影响因素及来源分析[J]. 物探与化探, 2024, 48(3): 834-846.
SHI Jing-Tao, LIU Jun-Jian, ZHANG Jun-Chao, WANG Jiang-Yu-Long, JIANG Yu-Ge, WANG Mo, LI Heng-Fei, YANG Wen-Hao, YAN Xiang-Jin. Analysis of soil heavy metal influencing factors and sources in typical small watersheds in shallow mountainous area. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(3): 834-846.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2024.1270      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I3/834
Fig.1  研究区地质简图与采样位置
项目 统计参数 Cr Ni Cu Zn Cd Pb Hg As
表层土壤 最大值 1374.0 369.0 192.0 172.0 2.070 57.2 0.221 33.7
最小值 14.6 11.6 4.9 11.2 0.050 9.3 0.011 2.1
平均值 86.1 37.3 30.9 82.3 0.199 26.5 0.040 9.9
标准差 159.1 44.1 26.3 26.1 0.280 7.4 0.034 5.5
变异系数/% 184.7 118.1 85.0 31.7 140.4 27.9 87.0 55.2
深层土壤 最大值 1975.0 443.0 234.0 219.0 3.190 53.2 0.290 30.5
最小值 8.8 3.4 1.1 4.5 0.018 6.0 0.005 1.0
平均值 96.5 39.4 33.1 84.8 0.207 25.1 0.033 9.0
标准差 238.6 53.2 35.6 29.3 0.453 5.9 0.045 5.5
变异系数/% 247.4 134.8 107.6 34.6 218.8 23.6 138.2 61.2
成土母岩 最大值 2542.0 652.0 307.0 350.0 3.250 59.7 4.124 116.7
最小值 6.5 2.2 1.0 2.9 0.028 5.2 0.004 0.4
平均值 85.1 34.6 27.5 72.4 0.229 21.6 0.101 6.3
标准差 320.7 84.0 52.3 64.1 0.530 10.2 0.528 17.0
变异系数/% 376.7 242.6 190.2 88.4 231.7 47.3 520.9 269.0
背景值[16] 河北省表层 68,3 30.8 21.8 78.4 0.094 21.5 0.036 13.6
河北省深层 72.6 34.1 23.0 78.4 0.097 25.1 0.022 14.2
Table 1  表层、深层土壤及成土母岩中重金属元素的含量及相应统计参数
Fig.2  表层土壤重金属元素含量空间分布
岩性单元 采样位置 Cr Ni Cu Zn Cd Pb Hg As
第四系 表层土壤 77.57 33.73 33.21 78.87 0.180 29.80 0.033 8.15
深层土壤 61.90 27.15 23.45 74.45 0.145 27.80 0.022 6.46
成土母岩 61.10 27.00 18.60 75.40 0.065 17.20 0.008 0.59
中生代
碎屑岩		 表层土壤 63.07 29.94 23.66 75.09 0.124 27.03 0.039 9.94
深层土壤 60.67 29.96 22.64 75.05 0.096 25.43 0.018 7.37
成土母岩 28.85 16.44 14.97 54.16 0.144 20.40 0.001 3.34
中生代中
酸性岩		 表层土壤 52.53 23.54 29.33 82.56 0.156 28.07 0.032 6.87
深层土壤 57.06 26.34 27.13 84.80 0.152 27.90 0.024 7.72
成土母岩 21.99 11.48 23.06 69.76 0.246 26.91 0.015 3.38
中生代
火山碎屑岩		 表层土壤 63.50 29.97 21.50 66.93 0.105 25.27 0.025 9.28
深层土壤 69.50 34.13 26.37 76.17 0.120 26.27 0.016 9.30
成土母岩 26.97 19.05 11.42 51.40 0.054 25.63 0.034 1.40
震旦纪—二叠
纪碳酸盐岩		 表层土壤 56.19 29.28 23.88 72.44 0.230 23.74 0.043 12.11
深层土壤 56.30 29.74 22.78 71.96 0.112 22.54 0.020 9.77
成土母岩 24.60 18.53 7.00 38.08 0.071 10.99 0.022 3.45
震旦纪—石
炭纪泥质
碎屑岩		 表层土壤 66.94 47.72 44.30 106.6 0.608 27.00 0.097 19.23
深层土壤 69.07 43.88 45.30 93.37 0.473 26.62 0.119 19.17
成土母岩 130.80 94.84 93.22 194.60 0.916 31.82 0.112 255.50
前寒武纪
基性岩		 表层土壤 141.7 73.10 52.18 110.2 0.380 22.70 0.026 14.21
深层土壤 95.28 56.98 85.63 113.9 0.872 18.12 0.024 10.41
成土母岩 35.45 42.38 101.7 116.5 0.505 14.52 0.023 4.17
前寒武纪
变质岩		 表层土壤 80.81 32.89 37.49 79.80 0.107 23.67 0.025 7.71
深层土壤 94.36 38.21 44.51 91.92 0.142 22.30 0.032 6.33
成土母岩 119.20 30.66 18.42 59.74 0.091 20.42 0.026 1.41
Table 2  研究区不同成土母岩单元中土壤及成土母岩重金属均值
Fig.3  表层、深层土壤及成土母岩中重金属分布特征
Q—第四系;Mzc—中生代碎屑岩;Mzm—中生代中酸性岩;Mzp—中生代火山碎屑岩;Z-Pc—震旦纪-二叠纪碳酸盐岩;Z-Ca—震旦纪-石炭纪泥质碎屑岩;Ptn—前寒武纪基性岩;Ptr—前寒武纪变质岩
Fig.4  研究区原岩及表、深层土壤Al2O3与Ti散点图
Fig.5  表层、深层土壤重金属元素迁移系数
Mzc—中生代碎屑岩;Mzm—中生代中酸性岩;Mzp—中生代火山碎屑岩;Z-Pc—震旦纪-二叠纪碳酸盐岩;Z-Ca—震旦纪-石炭纪泥质碎屑岩;Ptn—前寒武纪基性岩;Ptr—前寒武纪变质岩
指标 SiO2 CaO MgO Al2O3 Fe2O3 K2O Na2O Cr Ni Cu Zn Cd Pb Hg As
SiO2 1 -0.941** -0.958** 0.629** 0.391 0.565** 0.316 0.321 0.116 0.297 0.395 0.033 0.693** 0.163 0.218
CaO -0.969** 1 0.940** -0.837** -0.652** -0.757** -0.479* -0.516* -0.334 -0.501* -0.604** -0.146 -0.822** -0.213 -0.305
MgO -0.688** 0.573** 1 -0.729** -0.494* -0.686** -0.480* -0.363 -0.153 -0.376 -0.456* -0.066 -0.750** -0.194 -0.239
Al2O3 0.879** -0.929** -0.581** 1 0.895** 0.931** 0.723** 0.707** 0.573** 0.702** 0.799** 0.270 0.862** 0.234 0.391
Fe2O3 0.792** -0.856** -0.540** 0.962** 1 0.866** 0.652** 0.777** 0.710** 0.822** 0.869** 0.409 0.767** 0.331 0.474*
K2O 0.692** -0.706** -0.480* 0.819** 0.827** 1 0.763** 0.564** 0.406 0.573** 0.721** 0.105 0.740** 0.100 0.185
Na2O 0.743** -0.717** -0.518* 0.650** 0.539** 0.455* 1 0.316 0.183 0.378 0.468* 0.161 0.425* 0.256 0.322
Cr 0.716** -0.774** -0.483* 0.900** 0.932** 0.773** 0.411 1 0.949** 0.907** 0.771** 0.516* 0.785** 0.488* 0.709**
Ni 0.491* -0.529** -0.307 0.703** 0.722** 0.617** 0.166 0.878** 1 0.892** 0.730** 0.588** 0.686** 0.451* 0.728**
Cu 0.476* -0.533** -0.187 0.700** 0.713** 0.659** 0.147 0.787** 0.871** 1 0.765** 0.698** 0.772** 0.558** 0.704**
Zn 0.561** -0.582** -0.329 0.670** 0.676** 0.611** 0.170 0.817** 0.928** 0.856** 1 0.516* 0.843** 0.370 0.468*
Cd -0.178 0.171 0.320 -0.159 -0.227 -0.049 -0.352 -0.066 0.311 0.394 0.434* 1 0.470* 0.790** 0.565**
Pb 0.662** -0.672** -0.462* 0.681** 0.691** 0.578** 0.303 0.698** 0.626** 0.614** 0.750** 0.070 1 0.371 0.486*
Hg -0.402 0.402 0.152 -0.356 -0.366 -0.326 -0.180 -0.326 -0.263 -0.230 -0.303 0.061 -0.254 1 0.598**
As -0.291 0.305 0.100 -0.213 -0.219 -0.208 -0.271 -0.047 0.290 0.234 0.323 0.663** 0.115 0.332 1
Table 3  表层土壤样品(无底色)和深层土壤样品(底色为灰色)中8种重金属元素与氧化物的Pearson相关系数
项目 TCr TNi TCu TZn TCd TPb THg TAs
粉粒 0.224 0.262* 0.199 0.215 0.030 0.094 0.330* 0.136
细砂 0.328* 0.324* 0.140 0.291* 0.084 0.076 0.219 0.115
中砂 -0.036 -0.094 -0.110 -0.097 -0.128 -0.093 -0.256 -0.192
粗砂 -0.319* -0.290* -0.118 -0.254 -0.100 -0.098 -0.241 -0.071
pH -0.314* -0.248 -0.246 -0.269* -0.025 0.156 0.099 0.096
Table 4  土壤pH和质地与重金属元素迁移系数的相关性
参数 粉粒
(0.002~
0.05mm)		 细砂
(0.05~
0.25mm)		 中砂
(0.25~
0.5mm)		 粗砂
(0.5~
1mm)		 pH
最小值 4.87 14.35 6.96 5.92 5.96
最大值 36.08 52.79 34.46 43.08 8.87
平均值 14.66 38.59 22.70 21.06 7.71
标准差 4.93 6.93 5.22 7.29 0.73
变异系数 33.61 17.95 23.00 34.64 9.46
Table 5  各土壤质地占比及pH值统计
指标 表层土壤 深层土壤
F1 F2 F1 F2
Cr 0.873 -0.367 0.931 -0.222
Ni 0.954 0.008 0.916 -0.156
Cu 0.917 0.046 0.952 -0.068
Zn 0.977 0.064 0.828 -0.352
Cd 0.368 0.785 0.754 0.510
Pb 0.778 -0.191 0.820 -0.369
Hg -0.330 0.555 0.668 0.661
As 0.291 0.864 0.784 0.233
特征值 4.401 1.849 5.602 1.089
方差/% 55.018 23.108 70.019 13.611
Table 6  研究区土壤重金属元素因子载荷
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