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物探与化探  2024, Vol. 48 Issue (3): 858-867    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2024.3686
  生态地质调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
广西荔浦市土壤—农作物中重金属迁移转化及生态效应
蒋羽雄1,2(), 文美兰1, 潘启明2(), 蒋柏昌2, 王忠伟2
1.桂林理工大学 地球科学学院,广西 桂林 541006
2.广西壮族自治区区域地质调查研究院,广西 桂林 541003
The migration,transformation and ecological effects of heavy metals in soil-cropsystem in Lipu, Guangxi
JIANG Yu-Xiong1,2(), WEN Mei-Lan1, PAN Qi-Ming2(), JIANG Bo-Chang2, WANG Zhong-Wei2
1. College of Earth Sciences,Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
2. Regional Geological Survey Research Institute of Guangxi, Guilin541003, China
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摘要 

为了解荔浦市土壤和农作物中重金属含量及其分布特征,采集荔浦市土壤及农作物(水稻、荔浦芋、柑橘、马蹄)样品,测定土壤样品pH值、As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Cu、Zn全量以及As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb的形态含量,农作物样品测定了As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb含量,计算出重金属元素的生物富集系数(BCF),探讨了土壤—农作物系统中重金属元素迁移转化和生态效应。结果表明:①区内表层土壤以酸性土壤为主,As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Cu、Zn平均含量分别为13.57×10-6、0.33×10-6、87.06×10-6、0.153×10-6、27.49×10-6、30.46×10-6、27.94×10-6、82.53×10-6,均高于全国土壤背景值。②农作物中水稻样品中的重金属含量较荔浦芋、柑橘、马蹄中高,且水稻根、茎、籽实中重金属含量也不同。③重金属元素的生物富集系数在水稻中普遍偏高,水稻根部生物富集系数最大,籽实最小。重金属在土壤—水稻系统的迁移能力显著高于荔浦芋、柑橘和马蹄。④Cd是研究区最活跃的土壤重金属元素,其可交换态占全量比例显著高于As、Cr、Hg、Pb,应重点关注Cd的生态风险情况,防止农作物Cd超标对人类产生危害。
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蒋羽雄
文美兰
潘启明
蒋柏昌
王忠伟
关键词 ： 荔浦市,  土壤,  农作物,  重金属,  迁移转化,  生态效应    
Abstract：

In order to understand the content and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soil and crops in Lipu,soil and crops (rice, Lipu taro, citrus, water chestnut) were collected. Todetermine the pH value of soil samples and the total amount of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, Cu, Zn and the form content of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb.The content of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb in crop samples was measured.The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of heavy metal elements was calculated. The migration and transformation and ecological effects of heavy metal in the soil-crop system are analyzed. The results showed that:① The topsoil in the study area is predominantly acidic in the study area. The average contents of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, Cu, and Zn in the surface soil in the area were 13.57×10-6, 0.33×10-6, 87.06×10-6, 0.153×10-6, 27.49×10-6, 30.46×10-6, 27.94×10-6, 82.53×10-6.Respectively, all of which were higher than the national soil background values.②The heavy metal content in rice crops is higher than that in Lipu taro, citrus, and horseshoe.The heavy metal content is also different in rice roots, stems, and seeds.③ The bioaccumulation coefficient of heavy metal was generally high in rice. When comparing different parts of rice, the bioconcentration coefficients of heavy metals were greatest in the roots and least in the seeds. And when comparing different crops, the migration capacity of heavy metals in the soil-rice system was significantly higher than that of Lipu taro, citrus and water chestnut.④ The exchangeable state of Cd in the study area is significantly higher than As, Cr, Hg, and Pb. Cd is the most active soil heavy metal in the study area, it should be paid more attention to prevent excessive Cd in crops from causing harm to people.
Key words： Lipu city    heavy metals    soil    crops    migration and transformation    ecological effects
收稿日期: 2021-12-17      修回日期: 2022-04-25      出版日期: 2024-06-20
ZTFLH:  X53  
基金资助:广西科技计划项目(2021JJA150037);广西壮族自治区财政专项资金项目(桂地矿办[2017]33号)
通讯作者: 潘启明(1992-),男,工程师,主要从事勘查地球化学和矿产地质工作。Email:651208474@qq.com
作者简介: 蒋羽雄(1998-),男,硕士,主要研究方向为环境地球化学。Email: 1804485346@qq.com
引用本文:   
蒋羽雄, 文美兰, 潘启明, 蒋柏昌, 王忠伟. 广西荔浦市土壤—农作物中重金属迁移转化及生态效应[J]. 物探与化探, 2024, 48(3): 858-867.
JIANG Yu-Xiong, WEN Mei-Lan, PAN Qi-Ming, JIANG Bo-Chang, WANG Zhong-Wei. The migration,transformation and ecological effects of heavy metals in soil-cropsystem in Lipu, Guangxi. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(3): 858-867.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2024.3686      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I3/858
Fig.1  研究区地质图(根据文献[3]修改)
1—桂平组;2—望高组;3—孤峰组;4—栖霞组;5—大埔组;6—黄金组;7—英塘组;8—鹿寨组;9—融县组;10—五指山组;11—榴江组;12—东村组;13—桂林组;14—巴漆组;15—唐家湾组;16—东岗岭组;17—信都组;18—信都组上段;19—信都组下段;20—四排组;21—大乐组;22—贺县组;23—莲花山组;24—整合岩层界线;25—岩层产状;26—实测正断层;27—实测逆断层;28—区域性断层;29—工作区;30—河流;31—石灰岩矿(床)点;32—黏土矿(床)点;33—铅矿(床)点;34—铁矿(床)点;35—锰矿(床)点;36—多金属矿(床)点;37—金矿(床)点;38—硅化
Fig.2  农作物采样点位
序号 提取方法 相态 测试方法
1 2.5000 g样品25 mL水提取 水溶态 ICP-MS测定Pb、
Cd、Cr,
AFS测定As、Hg
2 残渣用25 mL MgCl2溶液提取 离子交换态
3 残渣用25 mL NaAc溶液提取 碳酸盐结合态
4 残渣用50 mL Na4P2O7溶液提取 腐殖酸结合态
5 残渣用25 mL HONH3Cl溶液提取 铁锰氧化态
6 残渣用8 mL H2O2-HNO3溶液恒温水浴提取 强有机结合态
7 0.2000 g残渣,HNO3-HClO4溶解 残渣态
Table 1  土壤重金属形态分析方法配套方案
元素 均值/10-6 变异系数 极小值/10-6 极大值/10-6 全国土壤背景值[8] /10-6 广西土壤背景值[8] /10-6
As 13.57 1.10 1.22 278.00 11.2 20.50
Cd 0.33 1.46 0.03 9.24 0.10 0.27
Cr 87.06 0.57 12.60 785.00 61.00 82.10
Hg 0.15 0.65 0.02 1.61 0.07 0.15
Ni 27.49 0.88 5.45 513.00 26.90 26.60
Pb 30.46 0.45 10.30 354.00 26.00 24.00
Cu 27.94 0.47 6.20 182.00 22.60 27.80
Zn 82.53 0.55 18.70 414.00 74.20 75.60
Table 2  土壤重金属元素含量特征值统计(n=3967)
元素 均值/10-6 标准差/10-6 变异系数 极小值/10-6 极大值/10-6 中值/10-6
水稻籽实
(n=30)		 As 0.183 0.153 0.837 0.110 0.950 0.150
Cd 0.138 0.278 2.016 0.006 1.190 0.030
Cr 0.099 0.013 0.127 0.082 0.120 0.095
Hg 0.006 0.008 1.351 0.002 0.043 0.003
Pb 0.057 0.004 0.073 0.050 0.069 0.057
水稻茎叶
(n=10)		 As 2.655 1.075 0.405 0.590 4.800 2.565
Cd 0.639 0.782 1.224 0.014 2.210 0.209
Cr 4.269 0.598 0.14 3.470 5.040 4.405
Hg 0.009 0.001 0.166 0.007 0.011 0.008
Pb 0.386 0.124 0.322 0.260 7.000 0.350
水稻根
(n=10)		 As 62.29 40.21 0.646 13.900 140.000 57.650
Cd 1.307 1.413 1.081 0.068 3.410 0.550
Cr 22.18 7.242 0.326 14.300 35.60 20.750
Hg 0.021 0.007 0.336 0.012 0.034 0.023
Pb 5.332 1.846 0.346 2.310 8.190 5.485
荔浦芋
(n=18)		 As 0.009 0.002 0.176 0.006 0.012 0.008
Cd 0.095 0.061 0.647 0.008 0.185 0.097
Cr 0.030 0.005 0.171 0.017 0.041 0.030
Hg 0.002 0.001 0.423 0.000 0.003 0.002
Pb 0.032 0.015 0.456 0.012 0.062 0.030
柑橘
(n=46)		 As 0.0076 0.0013 0.166 0.0059 0.0110 0.0076
Cd 0.0011 0.0002 0.183 0.0000 0.0016 0.0011
Cr 0.0239 0.0028 0.119 0.0200 0.0330 0.0230
Hg 0.0002 0.0000 0.219 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002
Pb 0.0121 0.0023 0.186 0.0100 0.0230 0.0120
马蹄
(n=18)		 As 0.028 0.012 0.426 0.011 0.062 0.028
Cd 0.002 0.002 0.650 0.001 0.006 0.002
Cr 0.017 0.003 0.152 0.014 0.023 0.017
Hg 0.002 0.001 0.339 0.001 0.003 0.002
Pb 0.008 0.003 0.408 0.004 0.013 0.007
Table 3  农作物样品重金属元素含量特征值
Fig.3  水稻不同部位重金属平均含量对比
农作物种类 As Cd Cr Hg Pb
水稻籽实 0.003~0.040 0.007~6.879 0~0.002 0.003~0.223 0~0.003
水稻茎叶 0.063~0.420 0.040~4.010 0.010~0.080 0.008~0.030 0.006~0.020
水稻根 0.310~7.500 0.420~4.480 0.320~0.410 0.060~0.210 0.130~0.290
马蹄 0.0025~0.0831 0.0102~0.1242 0.0030~0.0019 0.0224~0.1517 0.0008~0.0027
荔浦芋 0.0009~0.0013 0.0373~2.6347 0.0005~0.0016 0.0071~0.0698 0.0015~0.0074
柑橘 0.0001~0.0023 0~0.0114 0~0.0040 0.0002~0.0027 0.0001~0.0013
Table 4  不同农作物的生物富集系数变化范围
形态 Cd Pb As Hg Cr
可交换态(水溶态+
离子交换态)		 23.69 2.04 0.82 0.22 0.24
碳酸盐结合态+腐殖酸
结合态+铁锰结合
态+强有机结合态		 63.02 56.12 7.14 38.93 8.31
残渣态 13.27 41.84 92.04 60.85 91.45
Table 5  土壤重金属各组分赋存形态比例
Fig.4  土壤重金属赋存形态分布特征
Fig.5  Cd、Hg、Pb可交换态含量与水稻Cd、Hg、Pb含量对数对比
Fig.6  Cd、Hg、Pb可交换态含量与柑橘Cd、Hg、Pb含量对数对比
Fig.7  Cd、Hg、Pb可交换态含量与马蹄Cd、Hg、Pb含量对数对比
Fig.8  Cd、Hg、Pb可交换态含量与荔浦芋Cd、Hg、Pb含量对数对比
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