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物探与化探  2023, Vol. 47 Issue (6): 1611-1619    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2023.1589
  生态环境 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
河北省永清县农耕区土壤肥力主要指标现状评价
胡庆海1,2(), 李俊华1,3, 王学求1,2(), 羿明璇3, 吴慧1,2, 田密1,2
1.中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所 自然资源部地球化学探测重点实验室,河北 廊坊 065000
2.中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所 联合国教科文组织全球尺度地球化学国际研究中心,河北 廊坊 065000
3.中国地质调查局 廊坊自然资源综合调查中心, 河北 廊坊 065000
Evaluation of the primary soil fertility indices for the agricultural area of Yongqing County, Hebei Province
HU Qing-Hai1,2(), LI Jun-Hua1,3, WANG Xue-Qiu1,2(), YI Ming-Xuan3, WU Hui1,2, TIAN Mi1,2
1. Key Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
2. International Centre on Global-Scale Geochemistry, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
3. Langfang Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Langfang 065000, China
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摘要 

永清县作为京津冀地区重要的无公害蔬菜生产基地,保障该区域食品安全具有重要意义。但由于缺乏对永清县土壤肥力状况系统而全面的评价工作,制约了绿色食品产业的可持续发展。本次研究系统采集了全县范围内耕作层(0~20 cm)土壤样品共338件,其中旱地155件、菜地84件、园地99件,分析测定有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾共4种土壤养分要素。结果表明,永清县耕作层土壤中有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾平均含量依次为5.29×10-3、0.78×10-3、41.8×10-6、197×10-6;土壤肥力方面总体表现为有机质、全氮缺乏,有效磷、速效钾较为丰富;依据国家农业行业标准《绿色食品产地环境质量》(NY/T 391—2021),对该县土壤的肥力状况进行分级评价,土地利用类型为旱地、菜地、园地的土壤,其有机质和全氮含量大多处于Ⅲ级水平,有效磷和速效钾含量均以Ⅰ级水平为主;养分含量在空间分布上存在明显差异,西南区域的龙虎庄乡、刘街乡、养马庄乡等乡镇的土壤养分含量普遍高于东北区域的曹家务乡、韩村镇、里澜城镇等乡镇。为了更好地发展绿色食品产业,永清县应按照土地利用类型和实际种植情况,并考虑土壤质地、自然地理等因素,因地制宜地进行科学、合理的培肥,如增施有机肥和氮肥以提高土壤有机质和全氮含量,对缺乏有效磷和速效钾的土壤增施磷肥、钾肥,对富集有效磷和速效钾的土壤,则应该控制磷肥和钾肥的施用量。
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胡庆海
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羿明璇
吴慧
田密
关键词 ： 永清县,  绿色食品,  土壤肥力,  土地利用类型,  评价    
Abstract：

Yongqing County, as a pivotal pollution-free vegetable production base in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, has made significant contributions to ensuring the food safety of this region. However, there has been no systematic and comprehensive evaluation of Yongqing County's soil fertility, hindering the sustainable development of its green food industry. This study collected 338 soil samples from the arable layer (depth: 0~20 cm) throughout the county, including 155 from dry land, 84 from vegetable plots, and 99 from garden plots. Four soil nutrient elements including organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium were determined using these samples. The results show that: The average contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and rapidly available potassium in the soil samples from Yongqing County's arable layer were 5.29×10-3, 0.78×10-3, 41.8×10-6, and 197×10-6, respectively. The soil fertility generally exhibited deficient organic matter and total nitrogen and abundant available phosphorus and potassium. In addition, the soil fertility of Yongqing County was graded and evaluated according to China's agricultural standard Green food-Environmental quality for production area (NY/T 391—2021). For land-use types like dry land, vegetable and garden plots, their organic matter and total nitrogen contents were mostly at level Ⅲ, and available phosphorus and potassium contents were primarily at level Ⅰ. The soil nutrient contents differed significantly in spatial distributions. Specifically, Longhuzhuang, Liujie, and Yangmazhuang townships in the southwest generally had higher soil nutrient contents than Caojiawu Township, Hancun and Lilancheng towns in the northeast. To efficiently develop the green food industry, Yongqing County needs to apply fertilizers scientifically and properly according to land-use types and actual planting situations and considering the soil texture and natural geographical factors. The specific measures are as follows: increasing the organic matter and total nitrogen contents in the soil by applying more organic and nitrogen fertilizers; applying more phosphate and potassium fertilizers to soil lacking available phosphorus and potassium, otherwise, the application of such fertilizers should be controlled.
Key words： Yongqing County    green food    soil fertility    land-use type    evaluation
收稿日期: 2022-11-27      修回日期: 2023-03-15      出版日期: 2023-12-20
:  X53/P596  
基金资助:河北省重大科技成果转化专项(19057411Z);国家自然科学青年基金项目(41903025);国家自然科学青年基金项目(41803048);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(AS2022P03);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20221807);物化探所中央财政科研项目结余资金项目(JY202106);“化学地球”大科学计划(Chemical EARTH)
通讯作者: 王学求(1963-),男,研究员,主要从事应用地球化学和全球地球化学基准研究工作。Email: wxueqiu@mail.cgs.gov.cn
作者简介: 胡庆海(1989-),男,工程师,主要从事环境地球化学等研究工作。Email:huqinghai0616@foxmail.com
引用本文:   
胡庆海, 李俊华, 王学求, 羿明璇, 吴慧, 田密. 河北省永清县农耕区土壤肥力主要指标现状评价[J]. 物探与化探, 2023, 47(6): 1611-1619.
HU Qing-Hai, LI Jun-Hua, WANG Xue-Qiu, YI Ming-Xuan, WU Hui, TIAN Mi. Evaluation of the primary soil fertility indices for the agricultural area of Yongqing County, Hebei Province. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2023, 47(6): 1611-1619.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2023.1589      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I6/1611
Fig.1  永清县区域位置(a)及土壤肥力调查点位分布(b)
土壤养分要素 有机质/10-3 全氮/10-3 有效磷/10-6 速效钾/10-6
级别 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
旱地 >15 10~15 <10 >1.0 0.8~1.0 <0.8 >10 5~10 <5 >120 80~120 <80
菜地 >30 20~30 <20 >1.2 1.0~1.2 <1.0 >40 20~40 <20 >150 100~150 <100
园地 >20 15~20 <15 >1.0 0.8~1.0 <0.8 >10 5~10 <5 >100 50~100 <50
Table 1  绿色食品产地土壤肥力分级标准
用地类型 养分类别 平均值 最大值 最小值 中位数 标准偏差 变异系数/%
研究区 有机质/10-3 5.29 13.50 0.91 4.64 2.83 53.6
全氮/10-3 0.78 3.18 0.09 0.74 0.35 45.2
有效磷/10-6 41.80 554.00 0.39 15.50 68.90 165
速效钾/10-6 197 1439.0 43.9 146.0 156.0 78.8
旱地 有机质/10-3 5.44 12.60 1.54 4.87 2.81 51.7
全氮/10-3 0.76 1.70 0.09 0.76 0.26 34.4
有效磷/10-6 22.50 319.70 0.69 11.90 37.20 166
速效钾/10-6 161.4 857.0 43.9 134.0 101.0 62.5
菜地 有机质/10-3 6.07 13.50 0.91 5.58 3.15 51.8
全氮/10-3 0.98 3.20 0.37 0.87 0.44 44.5
有效磷/10-6 89.40 554.00 3.63 59.50 99.70 112
速效钾/10-6 283.0 1439.0 87.2 215.0 213.0 75.2
园地 有机质/10-3 4.26 11.50 1.42 3.67 2.08 48.7
全氮/10-3 0.63 3.00 0.12 0.59 0.31 49.6
有效磷/10-6 31.40 500.00 0.39 11.30 56.40 180
速效钾/10-6 174.0 1081.0 50.2 135.0 128.0 73.9
Table 2  永清县各类土地利用类型的土壤养分数据统计
指标 级别
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ
有机质/10-3 >40 30~40 20~30 10~20 6~10 <6
全氮/10-3 >2 1.5~2 1~1.5 0.75~1 0.5~0.75 <0.5
有效磷/10-6 >40 20~40 10~20 5~10 3~5 <3
速效钾/10-6 >200 150~200 100~150 50~100 30~50 <30
Table 3  全国第二次土壤普查土壤养分分级标准
Fig.2  永清县表层土壤有机质(a)、全氮(b)、有效磷(c)、速效钾(d)地球化学等级
土地利用类型 土壤养分要素 各级别样品数(占比)
Ⅲ Ⅱ Ⅰ 合计/个
旱地 有机质 142 (92%) 13 (8%) 0 (0) 155
全氮 88 (57%) 43 (28%) 24 (15%) 155
有效磷 22 (14%) 46 (30%) 87 (56%) 155
速效钾 10 (6%) 50 (32%) 95 (61%) 155
菜地 有机质 84 (100%) 0 (0) 0 (0) 84
全氮 57 (68%) 6 (7%) 21 (25%) 84
有效磷 25 (30%) 10 (12%) 49 (58%) 84
速效钾 5 (6%) 20 (24%) 59 (70%) 84
园地 有机质 99 (100%) 0 (0) 0 (0) 99
全氮 83 (84%) 12 (12%) 4 (4%) 99
有效磷 24 (24%) 19 (19%) 56 (57%) 99
速效钾 1 (0) 24 (24%) 74 (75%) 99
Table 4  不同土地利用类型的所有样点土壤肥力分级统计
乡镇 有机质
均值/
10-3		 全氮均
值/
10-3		 有效磷
均值/
10-6		 速效钾
均值/
10-6		 样本数
龙虎庄乡 7.50 0.98 70.10 320.0 22
刘街乡 9.90 1.17 41.10 315.0 25
养马庄乡 5.67 0.91 53.10 213.0 15
大辛阁乡 3.73 0.69 24.20 142.0 5
永清镇 4.92 0.81 46.20 187.0 87
后奕镇 6.48 0.74 33.10 165.0 17
曹家务乡 3.90 0.67 43.10 152.0 43
管家务乡 2.76 0.80 53.50 199.0 10
三圣口乡 4.44 0.52 29.40 150.0 33
韩村镇 4.65 0.66 37.10 144.0 21
别古庄镇 4.58 0.61 15.50 152.0 20
里澜城镇 4.51 0.67 22.30 160.0 27
Table 5  永清县各主要乡镇土壤肥力含量均值统计
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