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物探与化探  2024, Vol. 48 Issue (2): 521-526    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2024.1089
  生态地质调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
酉阳油茶籽油营养安全品质、油茶含油率特征和立地土壤评价
李瑜1(), 张雨涵1(), 官开江2, 鲍丽然1
1.重庆市地质矿产勘查开发局川东南地质大队 重庆土地质量地质调查重点实验室,重庆 400038
2.重庆市沙坪坝区农业农村委员会,重庆 400038
Evaluating the nutritional and safety quality of camellia oil, oil content of camellia oleifera fruits, and site soils in Youyang
LI Yu1(), ZHANG Yu-Han1(), GUAN Kai-Jiang2, BAO Li-Ran1
1. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Land Quality Geological Survey, Southeast Sichuan Geological Group, Chongqing Geological and Mineral Resource Exploration and Development Bureau, Chongqing 400038, China
2. Agriculture and Rural Committee of Shapingba District, Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing 400038, China
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摘要 

为了解酉阳油茶营养品质、含油率特征和生长环境,分析了油茶籽油脂肪酸组成及采于不同地层油茶果的含油率特征,评价了立地土壤养分及土壤环境质量。结果表明:酉阳油茶籽油脂肪酸组成与橄榄油相似,是一种难得的高级油料。油茶果含油率特征与地层关系显著,产于二叠系地层的油茶果含油率最高,其次为志留系,奥陶系最差,产生差异的原因应为不同地层土壤地球化学组成有差别。酉阳油茶立地土壤养分一般但土壤环境质量较好,仅Cd存在少量超标现象,耕作时应科学辅以各种肥料,保证油茶健康生长。

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李瑜
张雨涵
官开江
鲍丽然
关键词 油茶籽油营养品质含油率矿质元素土壤养分重庆酉阳    
Abstract

To ascertain the nutritional quality, oil content characteristics, and growing environment of camellia oleifera in Youyang, Chongqing, China, this study analyzed the fatty acid composition of camellia oil and the oil content of camellia oleifera fruits produced in different strata. Furthermore, this study evaluated the soil nutrients and environmental quality of the site. The results indicate that the camellia oil from Youyang exhibited a similar fatty acid composition to olive oil, suggesting that camellia oleifera seeds are valuable high-grade oilseeds. The oil content of camellia oleifera fruits is significantly associated with strata. Camellia oleifera fruits produced in the Permian strata exhibit the highest oil content, followed by those in the Silurian and Ordovician strata sequentially. The cause of the differences lies in the varying geochemical composition of soils in different strata. The camellia oleifera site in Youyang manifests average soil nutrients but relatively high soil environmental quality, with only slightly over-limit Cd content. Therefore, camellia oleifera should be cultivated by applying various fertilizers in a scientific manner to ensure its healthy growth.

Key wordscamellia oleifera    nutritional quality    oil content    mineral element    soil nutrient    Youyang,Chongqing
收稿日期: 2023-02-28      修回日期: 2023-10-05      出版日期: 2024-04-20
ZTFLH:  P632  
基金资助:重庆市规划和自然资源局地质矿产勘查类项目(渝规资发[2020]188号)
通讯作者: 张雨涵
作者简介: 李瑜(1986-),男,高级工程师,从事土地质量调查评价及土壤污染防治等工作。Email:Rachilee@163.com
引用本文:   
李瑜, 张雨涵, 官开江, 鲍丽然. 酉阳油茶籽油营养安全品质、油茶含油率特征和立地土壤评价[J]. 物探与化探, 2024, 48(2): 521-526.
LI Yu, ZHANG Yu-Han, GUAN Kai-Jiang, BAO Li-Ran. Evaluating the nutritional and safety quality of camellia oil, oil content of camellia oleifera fruits, and site soils in Youyang. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(2): 521-526.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2024.1089      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I2/521
Fig.1  酉阳县油茶与根系土采样点位
指标 方法名称 检出限
Se 原子荧光光谱法 0.01
Hg 0.002
As 0.01
B 发射光谱法 1
P X射线荧光光谱法 8
S 20
Cr 0.4
Pb 1.4
Zn 1
CaO 等离子体发射光谱法 0.02
K2O 0.01
MgO 0.02
Cu 1
Ni 0.4
Mn 5
Mo 极谱法 0.3
Cd 等离子体质谱法 0.012
N 酸碱滴定容量法 15
OrgC 氧化还原法 0.05
Table 1  酉阳县根系土各指标检测方法及质量参数
脂肪酸 酉阳油茶籽油1 油茶籽油2 红松籽油2 茶叶籽油2 核桃油2 香榧油2 国内橄榄油2 进口橄榄油2
硬脂酸 1.57 2.16 2.38 3.15 2.18 3.06 1.86 3.40
棕榈酸 8.16 8.26 4.86 16.22 4.97 8.55 14.38 10.03
油酸 78.63 80.55 26.52 53.24 25.82 27.57 70.33 75.69
棕榈油酸 0.08 0.23 0.09 0.07 0.07 1.85 0.69
亚油酸 8.42 8.11 46.70 25.92 59.13 44.05 10.12 7.78
亚麻酸 0.78 0.31 0.25 0.27 6.61 0.79 0.90 0.83
饱和脂肪酸总量 9.73 10.42 7.24 19.37 7.15 11.61 16.24 13.43
不饱和脂肪酸总量 87.91 89.20 73.47 79.52 91.63 72.48 83.20 84.99
Table 2  8种木本油料油脂脂肪酸组成及各成分含量
主要脂肪酸 限值/%
硬脂酸 0.3~4.8
棕榈酸 3.9~14.5
油酸 68.0~87.0
棕榈油酸 ≤0.2
亚油酸 3.8~14.0
亚麻酸 ≤1.4
Table 3  油茶籽油中各脂肪酸标准限量
地层 最小值 最大值 中位值 平均值 标准差 变异系数
二叠系 27.23 38.87 32.24 31.87 4.66 0.15
志留系 21.68 35.12 28.53 28.51 3.93 0.14
奥陶系 19.94 28.92 27.77 26.10 4.19 0.16
全区 19.94 38.87 28.57 28.93 4.37 0.16
Table 4  研究区油茶果出油率特征
评价标准
GT/T 37917—2019
不同地层各等级比例/% 全区/%
(n=17)
等级 出油率/% 二叠系
(n=5)
志留系
(n=8)
奥陶系
(n=4)
1级 ≥32 60 12.5 0 23.5
2级 ≥29 0 37.5 0 17.6
3级 ≥26 40 37.5 75 47.1
4级 ≥23 0 0 0 0
等级外 <23 0 12.5 25 11.8
Table 5  研究区油茶籽出油率评级概率分布
Fig.2  研究区地层分布及油茶含油率示意
指标 含量范围 平均值 营养等级
有机质 5.91~192.74 19.41 较缺乏
N 0.57~12.21 1.36 中等
P 0.18~2.07 0.52 较缺乏
K 5.95~40.10 21.95 较丰富
CaO 0.09~6.13 0.26 缺乏
MgO 0.34~10.93 1.34 中等
S 57.90~947.40 228.71 中等
B 29.70~217.90 70.74 丰富
Mn 55.00~13456.00 801.52 丰富
Mo 0.14~40.19 1.32 丰富
Cu 4.70~97.90 24.93 较丰富
Zn 24.10~841.90 89.27 丰富
Se 0.103~7.84 0.42 富硒
Table 6  酉阳油茶立地土壤矿质元素含量分布
元素 含量/10-6 比例/%
平均值 最小值 最大值 清洁 轻微超标 轻度超标 中度超标 重度超标
Cd 0.262 0.036 1.040 37 8 4 1 0
Hg 0.114 0.037 0.298 50 0 0 0 0
Pb 30.83 11.80 67.90 50 0 0 0 0
As 13.36 3.20 28.80 47 3 0 0 0
Cr 82.80 17.30 119.60 50 0 0 0 0
Cu 25.34 4.41 43.20 50 0 0 0 0
Zn 89.86 24.60 144.60 50 0 0 0 0
Ni 34.04 8.00 96.10 49 1 0 0 0
综合 37 8 4 1 0
Table 7  研究区根系土重金属元素含量及环境质量特征
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