时频分析技术在蓬莱气区深层高频噪声压制中的应用

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2025.2533

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摘要

地震波在地下传播过程中会发生能量衰减,尤以高频成分衰减最为明显,导致高频段信号的信噪降低,极大降低了深层油气地震勘探的准确度。为了更好地提高深层资料信噪比,本文基于地震信号的非平稳特征,采用时频分析技术描述信号频率随时间变化的关系,提出一种基于时频分析法压制深层高频噪声的方法。利用有效信号的时频特征具有稳定性和相似性、而高频干扰具有不确定性和随机性的原理,提出一种基于相关性分析的自适应阈值选择策略,从优势频段提取有效信号的时频特征,与高频段信号时频特征进行对比分析,对高频端时频谱进行特征约束衰减,从而达到压制高频噪声的目的。理论模型和实际资料处理结果表明,该方法能够较好地压制高频噪声,有效提高深层资料的信噪比。

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	韩嵩
	汤聪
	张旋
	曾鸣
	彭浩天
	吕文正
	屠志慧
	李坷芮
	朱海华

关键词 ：信噪比, 高频噪声, 时频分析, 特征约束, 深层油气, 蓬莱气区

Abstract：

Seismic waves, particularly their high-frequency components, will undergo energy attenuation during subsurface propagation. This results in a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) within the high-frequency band, significantly reducing the accuracy of seismic exploration for deep oil and gas. To enhance the SNR of deep seismic data, this study employed the time-frequency analysis technique to describe the time variations of signal frequency based on the non-stationary characteristics of seismic signals. Accordingly, this study proposed a method for suppressing deep high-frequency noise based on time-frequency analysis. Considering the stable and similar time-frequency characteristics of effective signals and the uncertain and random high-frequency interference, this study proposed an adaptive threshold selection strategy based on correlation analysis. This strategy involves extracting the time-frequency characteristics of effective signals from an advantageous frequency band and comparing them with the time-frequency characteristics within the high-frequency band. Subsequently, feature-constrained attenuation was applied to time-frequency spectra in the high-frequency band, thereby suppressing high-frequency noise. Theoretical models and actual data processing results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively suppress high-frequency noise and significantly enhance the SNR of deep seismic data.

Key words： signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) high-frequency noise time-frequency analysis feature-constrained deep oil and gas Penglai gas area

收稿日期: 2023-12-12 修回日期: 2025-04-01 出版日期: 2025-08-20

ZTFLH:

P631.4

基金资助:中国石油西南油气田分公司科技项目“复杂构造灰岩出露区地震激发波场传播理论研究”(25XNYTSC026)

作者简介: 韩嵩(1982-),男,高级工程师,主要从事地震资料处理技术研究工作。Email: guoreng@petrochina.com.cn

引用本文:

韩嵩, 汤聪, 张旋, 曾鸣, 彭浩天, 吕文正, 屠志慧, 李坷芮, 朱海华. 时频分析技术在蓬莱气区深层高频噪声压制中的应用[J]. 物探与化探, 2025, 49(4): 888-895.
HAN Song, TANG Cong, ZHANG Xuan, ZENG Ming, PENG Hao-Tian, LYU Wen-Zheng, TU Zhi-Hui, LI Ke-Rui, ZHU Hai-Hua. Application of time-frequency analysis in the suppression of deep high-frequency noise in the Penglai gas area. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(4): 888-895.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.2533 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I4/888

Fig.1 蓬探气区含深层噪声的部分典型剖面分频显示结果

Fig.2 蓬探气区含深层噪声的典型单炮曲波变换压噪效果对比

Fig.3 时频分析法压制高频噪声的处理流程

Fig.4 理论模型测试效果

Fig.5 时频法去噪前后的单道地震信号

Fig.6 常规去噪和时频法去噪单炮效果对比

Fig.7 常规去噪和时频法去噪叠加剖面对比

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