彭水地区碳酸盐岩山地地表地震激发接收因素优选及效果

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2022.1251

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彭水地区位于四川盆地东南缘武陵褶皱带,属于典型的喀斯特岩溶山地地貌,具有十分复杂的近地表结构,导致地震采集效果差、信噪比低,严重影响油气勘探效果。对此重点开展了碳酸盐岩裸露山地地表条件下的炸药药型、激发方式、激发井深、激发药量等激发试验以及干扰波调查、检波器类型、组合方式等接收试验与研究,优选了一套具有较好经济性与可操作性的激发与接收参数,建立了针对复杂山地地形的激发点位优选技术;与以往资料相比,新采集单炮记录能量、信噪比及一级品率明显提高,新资料处理剖面显示了较为丰富的信息,反射特征清楚、信噪比较高,在碳酸盐岩地表区显示出明显的地震构造格局。

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	薛野
	杨帆
	刘厚裕
	刘明
	赵苏城
	蓝加达

关键词 ：彭水地区, 碳酸盐岩地表, 地震采集, 激发接收, 信噪比

Abstract：

The Pengshui area,located in the Wuling fold belt at the southeast margin of Sichuan Basin,has a typical karst mountain landform and very complex near-surface structures.Such a geological setting leads to a poor seismic acquisition effect and a low signal to noise ratio (SNR),which seriously affects the oil and gas exploration in this area.This study carried out the excitation tests and research,such as charge type,excitation mode,excitation well depth,and excitation dose,as well as receiving tests on interference wave investigation and geophone types and their combination means on the ground surface in the mountainous areas with exposed carbonate rocks.Furthermore,this study selected a set of excitation and receiving parameters with a strong economy and maneuverability and established the technology used to determine the optimal excitation point location for complex mountainous terrain.Compared with the previous data,this study achieved significantly improved energy,SNR,and first-grade product rate of the newly acquired single-shot records.Moreover,the new data processing profiles obtained in this study show rich information,clear reflection characteristics,and high SNR and display a distinct seismic tectonic pattern of carbonate rock area.

Key words： Pengshui area carbonate surface seismic acquisition excitation and receive SNR

收稿日期: 2021-05-14 修回日期: 2022-03-24 出版日期: 2022-06-20

ZTFLH:

P631.4

基金资助:国家科技重大专项项目“彭水地区常压页岩气勘探开发示范工程”(2016ZX05061);中国石化科技开发部项目“常压页岩气地球物理评价技术研究”(P21087-3)

引用本文:

薛野, 杨帆, 刘厚裕, 刘明, 赵苏城, 蓝加达. 彭水地区碳酸盐岩山地地表地震激发接收因素优选及效果[J]. 物探与化探, 2022, 46(3): 608-617.
XUE Ye, YANG Fan, LIU Hou-Yu, LIU Ming, ZHAO Su-Cheng, LAN Jia-Da. Determination of the optimal factors of seismic excitation and reception on the ground surface of carbonate mountainous areas in Pengshui area and its seismic acquisition effects. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2022, 46(3): 608-617.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2022.1251 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I3/608

Fig.1 乳化炸药与硝氨炸药激发单炮记录与频谱分析对比

Fig.2 乳化炸药(a)与硝氨炸药(b)激发二维剖面对比

Fig.3 单井与组合井激发单炮记录对比

Fig.4 碳酸盐岩地表不同药量激发效果对比

Fig.5 碳酸盐岩地表不同井深激发效果对比

Fig.6 彭水地区不同地形激发效果对比

Table 1 干扰波调查参数

Fig.7 不同检波器接收的单炮记录(10~50 Hz)对比
a—模拟检波器组合接收单炮记录;b—数字检波器单点接收单炮记录

Fig.8 碳酸盐岩地表模拟检波器不同组合图形接收剖面对比
a—矩形6×4组合接收剖面;b—同心圆组合接收剖面;c—矩形8×3组合接收剖面

Fig.9 碳酸盐岩地表模拟检波器不同串数组合接收记录对比
a—双串模拟检波器接收记录;b—单串模拟检波器接收记录

Fig.10 无线节点(a)与常规有缆采集(b)单炮对比

Fig.11 激发接收参数优化前后地震采集单炮对比
a—原采集单炮;b—激发接收参数优化后采集单炮

Fig.12 激发接收参数优化前后同位置地震采集资料处理二维剖面对比
a—前期地震采集资料处理二维剖面;b—激发接收参数优化后地震采集资料处理二维剖面

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