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物探与化探  2022, Vol. 46 Issue (4): 1021-1029    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2022.1421
  生态地质调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
菏泽市水系沉积物重金属特征及风险评估
徐雄1(), 孙艳亭1, 肖方1, 肖培平1, 董应尚1, 李敏2()
1.山东省菏泽生态环境监测中心,山东 菏泽 274000
2.菏泽学院 农业与生物工程学院,山东 菏泽 274000
Characteristics and risk assessment of the heavy metals in stream sediments of Heze City
XU Xiong1(), SUN Yan-Ting1, XIAO Fang1, XIAO Pei-Ping1, DONG Ying-Shang1, LI Min2()
1. Heze Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province, Heze 274000, China
2. College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
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摘要 

为探讨南水北调东线重要汇水区菏泽市水系沉积物重金属特征、污染来源及环境风险,采集了菏泽市3个主要流域25个点位的水系沉积物进行6种重金属(Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Cd、Pb)含量分析,并利用污染负荷指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和对数回归模型法进行风险评估,利用相关性和主成分分析判别重金属污染来源。结果表明,研究区各流域水系沉积物重金属含量普遍高于背景值,所有点位Ni、Cd含量均超背景值,其中Cd有40%点位超3倍背景值。各流域水系沉积物重金属含量分布不均,6种重金属极大值均出现在洙赵新河流域,其污染负荷指数(PLI)、潜在生态风险指数(RI)、毒性比值(Y)分别为1.62、123和0.367,均高于其余两流域,属于中度污染,具有较强生态风险,可能对水生生物造成危害。主成分分析表明造成研究区内6种重金属富集的主要来源是工业园区内石油炼制及相关化工企业。
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徐雄
孙艳亭
肖方
肖培平
董应尚
李敏
关键词 ： 水系沉积物,  重金属,  风险评估    
Abstract：

This study aims to investigate the characteristics, pollution sources, and ecological risks of heavy metals in the stream sediments in Heze City, which is an important catchment area in the east route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. To this end, stream sediment samples were collected from 25 sites of three major river basins in Heze City, and the contents of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, and Pb in the samples were analyzed. Moreover, this study assessed the ecological risks of these heavy metal elements using the pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (RI), and logarithmic regression model and determined the pollution sources of these heavy metal elements through correlation and principal component analysis. The results are as follows. The contents of the six heavy metal elements in the stream sediment samples were generally higher than their background values. The Ni and Cd contents at all investigated sites exceeded their background values, especially the Cd content at 40% of the investigated sites, which was more than three times the background value. The heavy metals in the stream sediments of the three river basins are unevenly distributed. The maximum values of the six heavy metals all originated from the samples of the Zhuzhaoxin River basin, of which the PLI, RI, and toxicity ratio Y were 1.67, 123 and 0.367, respectively. These values were higher than those of the other two basins, indicating that the heavy metals in sediments of the Zhuzhaoxin River basin reach moderate pollution and have high ecological risks and potential harm to aquatic organisms. The principal component analysis shows that the petroleum refining and related chemical enterprises in industrial parks are the main contributors to the enrichment of the six heavy metal elements.
Key words： stream sediment    heavy metal    risk assessment
收稿日期: 2021-08-01      修回日期: 2021-12-19      出版日期: 2022-08-20
ZTFLH:  P632  
基金资助:菏泽学院科研项目(XY17KJ07)
通讯作者: 李敏
作者简介: 徐雄(1979-),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事土壤和水生态环境监测与研究工作。Email: xuxiong@hz.shandong.cn
引用本文:   
徐雄, 孙艳亭, 肖方, 肖培平, 董应尚, 李敏. 菏泽市水系沉积物重金属特征及风险评估[J]. 物探与化探, 2022, 46(4): 1021-1029.
XU Xiong, SUN Yan-Ting, XIAO Fang, XIAO Pei-Ping, DONG Ying-Shang, LI Min. Characteristics and risk assessment of the heavy metals in stream sediments of Heze City. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2022, 46(4): 1021-1029.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2022.1421      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I4/1021
Fig.1  研究区位置及采样点位分布
污染负荷指数 污染等级 污染程度
PLI<1 0 无污染
1≤PLI<2 I 中度污染
2≤PLI<3 II 强污染
PLI≥3 III 极强污染
Table 1  不同污染负荷指数对应的污染等级和污染程度
潜在生态风险系数(Er) 潜在生态风险指数(RI)
分级标准 风险等级 分级标准 风险等级
Er<40 轻微生态风险 RI<60 轻微生态风险
40≤Er<80 中等生态风险 60≤RI<120 中等生态风险
80≤Er<160 较强生态风险 120≤RI<240 较强生态风险
160≤Er<320 强烈生态风险 RI≥240 极强生态风险
Er≥320 极强生态风险
Table 2  潜在生态风险评价分级标准及对应风险等级
参数 Cu Zn Ni Cr Cd Pb
截距B0 -5.79 -7.98 -4.61 -6.44 -0.34 -5.45
斜率B1 2.93 3.34 2.77 3.00 2.51 2.77
Table 3  对数回归模型中重金属元素对应的截距和斜率参数
参数 Cu Zn Ni Cr Cd Pb
洙
赵
新
河
流
域		 含量范围/10-6 32.7~53.6 52.4~120.0 31.2~61.4 52.2~139.0 0.165~0.417 20.9~44.1
平均值/10-6 40.2 84.4 44.5 80.3 0.269 31.1
标准偏差/10-6 7.5 23.5 10.9 27.6 0.078 6.2
变异系数/% 18.6 27.9 24.5 34.3 28.9 19.9
背景值/10-6 24.0 63.5 25.8 66.0 0.084 25.8
Cf值 1.68 1.33 1.72 1.22 3.20 1.20
E r i值 8.40 1.33 8.60 2.44 96.0 6.00
超背景值点位占比/% 100 70 100 70 100 80
万
福
河
流
域		 含量范围/10-6 15.5~41.6 62.8~87.6 27.8~57.3 54.1~92.3 0.173~0.367 22.7~37.6
平均值/10-6 27.4 74.2 42.9 69.3 0.254 29.9
标准偏差/10-6 8.7 10.5 10.2 11.5 0.079 4.9
变异系数/% 31.8 14.2 23.7 16.5 31.0 16.3
背景值/10-6 24.0 63.5 25.8 66.0 0.084 25.8
Cf值 1.14 1.17 1.66 1.05 3.02 1.16
E r i值 5.70 1.17 8.30 2.10 90.6 5.80
超背景值点位占比/% 62.5 87.5 100 62.5 100 75
东
鱼
河
流
域		 含量范围/10-6 18.5~48.4 55.3~108.0 28.1~59.3 51.2~94.5 0.133~0.336 20.4~41.5
平均值/10-6 33.3 78.3 39.2 72.9 0.212 30.4
标准偏差/10-6 13.0 18.3 11.0 16.1 0.070 8.6
变异系数/% 39.1 23.4 28.1 22.1 32.8 28.1
背景值/10-6 24.0 63.5 25.8 66.0 0.084 25.8
Cf值 1.39 1.23 1.52 1.11 2.53 1.18
E r i值 6.95 1.23 7.60 2.22 75.9 5.90
超背景值点位占比/% 57.1 71.4 100 57.1 100 57.1
Table 4  不同流域水系沉积物重金属统计结果描述
Fig.2  不同流域沉积物重金属差异
Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb含量单位为10-6;Cd含量单位为10-8
污染因子 污染程度 Cu Zn Ni Cr Cd Pb
点位 占比 点位 占比 点位 占比 点位 占比 点位 占比 点位 占比
Cf<1 低度 6 24% 6 24% 0 0% 9 36% 0 0% 7 28%
1≤Cf<3 中度 19 76% 19 76% 25 100% 16 64% 15 60% 18 72%
3≤Cf<6 重度 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 10 40% 0 0%
Cf≥6 严重 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Table 5  沉积物重金属污染因子评价结果
研究区域 Cf值 PLI
Cu Zn Ni Cr Cd Pb
宝鸡千河[6] 0.20 0.76 0.17 0.64 0.61 0.40
嘉兴河网[14] 3.13 4.02 1.93 1.95 6.57 2.46 3.02
海口五源河[15] 1.00 0.94 0.86 1.17 2.05 1.39 1.18
安徽宿州新汴河[16] 5.15 0.47 0.78 0.77 355 1.85 3.14
济南市东泺河[17] 2.88 2.30 1.46 2.21 1.92 2.10
赣江南昌段[18] 1.41 0.32 0.35 16.7 0.89 1.19
洙赵新河 1.68 1.33 1.72 1.22 3.20 1.20 1.62
万福河 1.14 1.17 1.66 1.05 3.02 1.16 1.42
东鱼河 1.39 1.23 1.52 1.11 2.53 1.18 1.43
Table 6  不同受污染水体沉积物重金属评价结果
Fig.3  不同重金属对潜在生态风险指数的贡献
流域 P Pmax Y
Cu Zn Ni Cr Cd Pb
洙赵新河 0.252 0.176 0.489 0.326 0.145 0.212 0.489 0.367
万福河 0.171 0.150 0.478 0.285 0.138 0.204 0.478 0.359
东鱼河 0.209 0.160 0.451 0.299 0.116 0.207 0.451 0.340
Table 7  三个流域水系沉积物重金属元素的P值和Y值
Fig.4  研究区重金属含量分级示意
元素 Cu Zn Ni Cr Cd Pb
Cu 1
Zn 0.678** 1
Ni 0.567** 0.712** 1
Cr 0.478** 0.781** 0.739** 1
Cd 0.728** 0.655** 0.712** 0.493* 1
Pb 0.654** 0.682** 0.607** 0.629** 0.739** 1
Table 8  重金属含量间的相关系数
重金属 因子载荷
Cu 0.807
Zn 0.891
Ni 0.856
Cr 0.812
Cd 0.854
Pb 0.850
方差贡献率 71.49%
Table 9  沉积物中各重金属元素主成分分析结果
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