等值反磁通瞬变电磁法在地下浅层富水区应用——以新余市下村镇为例

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2024.1574

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摘要

岩溶、软弱土及富水区等不良地质体在我国分布较广,强降雨作用下地质不良区域容易产生塌陷等地质灾害。新余市渝水区下村镇靠近沪昆高速铁路的区域出现了严重的地质塌陷,塌陷基坑周围空间受限且地下管线等干扰源较多,传统瞬变电磁法早期信号受收发线圈互感效应影响,存在探测精度低、抗干扰能力差等问题,并且还有明显的浅层盲区。为了查明该区域不良地质体的发育位置,并为地质灾害防治提供治理建议,本研究应用了等值反磁通瞬变电磁法(opposing coils transient electromagnetic method,OCTEM),并且辅以钻探验证,结果表明:OCTEM法具有较高的精确性,研究区地球物理成果与钻探结果一致性较好;研究区低电阻带分布范围较广,经实地钻孔验证,低电阻异常均为地下水引起;地层从上至下依次为软可塑粉质黏土—硬可塑粉质黏土—软塑粉质黏土—中风化灰岩;塌陷区域地下微承压水上涌,逐步侵蚀区域周边软可塑粉质黏土层,塌陷基坑内静水位面标高为55.60 m,位于地表下约1.4 m处;塌陷区域下方存在地下水通道,灰岩层在水流长时间冲刷侵蚀作用下形成土洞;长期抽取地下水可能会引起地下渗流区扩张发育,主体责任单位必须及时封堵塌陷区地下水,防止其进一步侵蚀周边松散土层。

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	朱小伟
	丁辰
	薛凯喜
	陈骏
	韩凯敏
	罗强
	易光胜

关键词 ：等值反磁通, 瞬变电磁法, 浅层富水区, 钻孔验证

Abstract：

Unfavorable geobodies such as Karsts, weak soil, and water-rich areas are extensively distributed in China. Under heavy rainfall, they are prone to geologic hazards like collapse. A severe geological collapse occurred in Xiacun Town, Yushui District, Xinyu City, near the Shanghai-Kunming high-speed railway. The space around the collapsed foundation pit was limited, with many interference sources like underground pipelines. With early signals subjected to the mutual inductance effects of receiver and transmitter coils, the conventional transient electromagnetic method exhibited low detection accuracy and anti-interference ability, encountering significant shallow blind zones. To locate unfavorable geobodies in the study area and provide suggestions for the prevention and control of geologic hazards, this study innovatively applied the opposing-coils transient electromagnetic method (OCTEM), supplemented by borehole-based verification. The results show that: (1) The OCTEM exhibited high accuracy, as demonstrated by the high consistency between the geophysical exploration results and the drilling results of the study area; (2) The low-resistivity zone spread across the study area, and the low-resistivity anomalies revealed by geophysical exploration were caused by groundwater according to borehole-based verification; (3) The strata from top to bottom were composed of soft plastic silty clay, hard plastic silty clay, soft plastic silty clay, and moderately weathered limestones; (4) The subsurface micro-confined water in the collapse area surged upward, gradually eroding the soft plastic silty clay layer around the area. The static water level in the collapsed foundation pit manifested an elevation of 55.60 m, located approximately 1.4 m below the surface; (5) A groundwater channel existed under the collapse area, with soil caves formed in the limestone layer under the prolonged erosion effect of water flow; (6) Long-term groundwater extraction may expand the underground seepage zone; (7) The administrative department in charge must promptly contain groundwater in the collapse area to prevent it from further eroding the surrounding unconsolidated soil layer.

Key words： opposing coils transient electromagnetic method shallow water-rich area borehole-based verification

收稿日期: 2023-12-27 修回日期: 2024-03-31 出版日期: 2024-10-20

ZTFLH:

P642

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目“降雨型层状土质滑坡孕灾机理与灾变模式研究”(42167024);江西省自然科学基金项目(20192BAB206045);江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ170485)

通讯作者: 丁辰(1997-),男,江西九江人,博士研究生,研究方向为地质灾害防治。Email:dchen479606571@foxmail.com

作者简介: 朱小伟(1998-),男,江西上饶人,硕士,研究方向为岩土工程。Email:1186851495@qq.com

引用本文:

朱小伟, 丁辰, 薛凯喜, 陈骏, 韩凯敏, 罗强, 易光胜. 等值反磁通瞬变电磁法在地下浅层富水区应用——以新余市下村镇为例[J]. 物探与化探, 2024, 48(5): 1424-1436.
ZHU Xiao-Wei, DING Chen, XUE Kai-Xi, CHEN Jun, HAN Kai-Min, LUO Qiang, YI Guang-Sheng. Application of the opposing coils transient electromagnetic method in a shallow groundwater-rich area: A case study of Xiacun Town, Xinyu City. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(5): 1424-1436.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2024.1574 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I5/1424

Fig.1 地面塌陷现场

Fig. 2 下村镇及附近区域水文地质示意

Fig.3 下村镇及附近区域工程地质示意
1—黏土层含砂栎层(坡积、残积);2—亚黏土、砂砾石(冲积);3—水北组:石英岩、砂质页岩;4—安源群:细砂、粉砂岩;5—灰岩、白云岩;6—王潘里段:砂岩、泥岩;7—老山段:砂岩、泥岩;8—官山段:长石石英岩、粉砂岩;9—明山组:硅质岩、页岩;10—小江边组:瘤状灰岩、白云岩;11—地质界线;12—地构造线

Fig.4 OCTEM装置示意(a)和OCTEM双线圈源合成的一次场磁力线(b)^[16]

Fig.5 等值反磁通瞬变电磁法现场工作

Fig.6 不同叠加次数对应的二次场衰减电压曲线

Fig.7 项目现场OCTEM测点布设

Fig.8 等值反磁通测点及钻孔位置布设

Fig.9 OCTEM数据处理流程

Fig.10 1号剖面反演剖面

Fig.11 2号剖面反演剖面

Fig.12 3号剖面反演剖面

Fig.13 4号剖面反演剖面

Fig.14 5号剖面反演剖面

Fig.15 6号剖面反演剖面

Fig.16 7号剖面反演剖面

Fig.17 物探剖面成果及钻孔柱状图

Fig.18 物探反演图与钻孔三维对比图

钻孔编号	孔深/m	孔口高程/m	地层埋深/m	岩性	地下水位稳定深度/m
ZK1	15.6	57.38	0~1.5	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软弱可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状	1.78
			1.5~9.5	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,硬可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩细砂砾
			9.5~11.0	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软弱可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩、石英岩等细砂砾
			11.0~15.3	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩、石英岩、花岗岩等中粗砂
			15.3~15.6	中风化石灰岩:青灰色,隐晶质结构,薄中厚层状构造,矿物成分以碳酸钙为主,节理裂隙较发育,钙质充填,局部有溶蚀现象,岩心多呈现短柱状,局部呈现块状,少量长柱状,锤击声脆
ZK2	13.7	56.95	0~3.0	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软弱可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状	1.35
			3.0~5.9	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,硬可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩细砂砾
			5.9~8.2	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软弱可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩、石英岩等细砂砾
			8.2~12.8	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,可见较多铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩、石英岩、浅色变质岩等中粗砂
			12.8~13.7	中风化石灰岩:青灰色,隐晶质结构,薄中厚层状构造,矿物成分以碳酸钙为主,节理裂隙较发育,钙质充填,局部有溶蚀现象,岩心多呈现短柱状,局部呈现块状,少量长柱状,锤击声脆
ZK3	19.2	57.36	0~3.0	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软弱可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状	1.76
			3.0~5.1	土洞:地下水填充
			5.1~17.5	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,可见较多铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有花岗岩、浅色变质岩等中粗砂
			17.5~19.2	中风化石灰岩:青灰色,隐晶质结构,薄中厚层状构造,矿物成分以碳酸钙为主,节理裂隙较发育,钙质充填,局部有溶蚀现象,岩心多呈现短柱状,局部呈现块状,少量长柱状,锤击声脆
ZK4	11.3	56.77	0~1.0	素填土:浅灰色或浅红色,结构松散,均匀性较差,主要成分为粘性土,局部含有砾石和碎石,还有少量砼块,砂砾为近期平整场地所至,砼块为民房旧居拆除遗留	1.37
ZK4	11.3	56.77	1.0~3.0	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软弱可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩细砂砾	1.37
ZK4	11.3	56.77	3.0~8.0	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,硬可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩、石英岩等细砂砾	1.37
			8.0~11.0	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有石英岩、花岗岩等中粗砂
			11.0~11.3	中风化石灰岩:青灰色,隐晶质结构,薄中厚层状构造,矿物成分以碳酸钙为主,节理裂隙较发育,钙质充填,局部有溶蚀现象,岩心多呈现短柱状,局部呈现块状,少量长柱状,锤击声脆
ZK5	17.3	56.88	0~0.8	素填土:浅灰色或浅红色,结构松散,均匀性较差,主要成分为粘性土,局部含有砾石和碎石,还有少量砼块,砂砾为近期平整场地所至,砼块为民房旧居拆除遗留	1.28
			0.8~3.0	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软弱可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩细砂砾
			3.0~5.0	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,硬可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩、石英岩等细砂砾
			5.0~16.7	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有石英岩、花岗岩等中粗砂
			16.7-17.3	中风化石灰岩:青灰色,隐晶质结构,薄中厚层状构造,矿物成分以碳酸钙为主,节理裂隙较发育,钙质充填,局部有溶蚀现象,岩心多呈现短柱状,局部呈现块状,少量长柱状,锤击声脆

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