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物探与化探  2022, Vol. 46 Issue (4): 988-998    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2022.1398
  生态地质调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
湖北红安县生态地质调查土壤重金属分布特征及生态风险评价
居字龙(), 秦志军, 万翔(), 袁航, 张小波, 王登
湖北省地质调查院,湖北 武汉 430034
Accessing the distribution and ecological risks of heavy metals in soil in Hong’an County, Hubei Province through ecological geological surveys
JU Zi-Long(), QIN Zhi-Jun, Wan Xiang(), YUAN Hang, ZHANG Xiao-Bo, WANG Deng
Hubei Geological Survey, Wuhan 430034, China
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摘要 

为探索湖北省红安县土壤重金属空间分布特征,选定金沙湖和觅儿寺工业园两个重点调查区,系统采集表层及垂向剖面土壤样品,测定Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、As和Hg含量。采用单因子污染指数法和潜在生态危害指数法评价重金属元素空间分布特征及生态风险。研究表明:调查区上述8种重金属元素平均含量分别为21.48×10-6、21.75×10-6、63.60×10-6、53.24×10-6、20.25×10-6、0.13×10-6、5.44×10-6和0.04×10-6,其中Cu、Cr、Ni和Cd污染积累相对富集,以轻微污染为主;重金属元素分布规律特征明显,轻微污染集中于高桥—永佳河基性—超基性混杂岩带和觅儿寺工业园周边,重度污染仅存在于八里湾东北侧零散锰钴矿化点, Pb和Hg含量在表层土壤富集,深层减少, Cr和Ni则在深层土壤富集,而表层减少,其他4种元素规律不明显; Cd和Hg单元素潜在生态风险较高,基于这两种元素的综合生态风险评价认为金沙湖城关镇周边、基性—超基性混杂岩带、觅儿寺工业园周边和八里湾镇锰钴矿化带为中等潜在生态风险地区,需加强生态监督保护。该研究成果可为红安县后期生态治理提供科学依据,并为其他生态地质调查的土壤工作提供借鉴意义。
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居字龙
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张小波
王登
关键词 ： 生态地质,  土壤,  重金属,  分布特征,  生态风险    
Abstract：

This study selected the Jinsha Lake and the Miersi Industry Park as key survey areas to study the distribution of heavy metals in soil in Hong’an County, Hubei Province. Samples were collected from surface soil and vertical soil profiles to assay the contents of eight heavy metals, i.e., Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, As, and Hg. Both the single factor pollution index method and the potential ecological hazard index method were used to assess the distribution and the ecological risk of heavy metals. The study results are as follows:The average contents of the above eight heavy metals were 21.48×10-6, 21.75×10-6, 63.60×10-6, 53.24×10-6, 20.25×10-6, 0.13×10-6, 5.44×10-6, and 0.04×10-6,respectively. The cumulative Cu, Cr, Ni, and Cd are relatively enriched in the soil and their pollution is slight. The heavy metals show distinct distribution patterns. Minor pollution exists in the Gaoqiao-Yongjiahe basic-ultrabasic melange zone and around the Miershi Industrial Park, while severe pollution exists in Mn-Co mineralized points scattered in the northeastern Baliwan. Pb and Hg are enriched in the surface layer but decrease in the deep layer, Cr and Ni show an inverse trend, while other elements show indistinct distribution patterns. Cd and Hg have high potential ecological risk individually in the soil in the surveyed areas. The comprehensive ecological risk assessment based on Cd and Hg shows that the surrounding area of the Jinsha Lake Chengguan Town, the basic-ultrabasic melange zone, the surrounding area of the Miersi Industrial Park, and the Baliwan manganese-cobalt mineralization zone are areas with moderate potential ecological risks, where ecological supervision and protection should be strengthened. This study can provide a scientific basis for later ecological management in Hongan. It also serves as a good soil reference for other ecological geological surveys.
Key words： ecological geology    soil    heavy metal    distribution characteristic    ecological risk
收稿日期: 2021-07-16      修回日期: 2021-12-24      出版日期: 2022-08-20
ZTFLH:  P632  
基金资助:湖北省地质局项目“武汉城市群健康地质调查与风险评价”(MSDZ202211);“湖北省红安县生态地质调查(方法示范)”([2017]13号)
通讯作者: 万翔
作者简介: 居字龙(1988-),男,硕士,工程师,就职于湖北省地质调查院,从事土壤及生态地质调查工作。Email: zilongcug@163.com
引用本文:   
居字龙, 秦志军, 万翔, 袁航, 张小波, 王登. 湖北红安县生态地质调查土壤重金属分布特征及生态风险评价[J]. 物探与化探, 2022, 46(4): 988-998.
JU Zi-Long, QIN Zhi-Jun, Wan Xiang, YUAN Hang, ZHANG Xiao-Bo, WANG Deng. Accessing the distribution and ecological risks of heavy metals in soil in Hong’an County, Hubei Province through ecological geological surveys. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2022, 46(4): 988-998.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2022.1398      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I4/988
Fig.1  研究区概况及采样点分布
元素 土地
类型		 土壤环境质量标准(GB 15168—2018) 湖北省
背景
值[21,25]
pH≤5.5 5.5<pH
≤6.5		 6.5<pH
≤7.5		 pH>7.5
Cu 其他 50 60 100 100 30.7
果园 150 150 200 200
Pb 其他 70 90 120 170 26.7
水田 80 100 140 240
Zn 所有 200 200 250 300 83.6
Cr 其他 150 150 200 250 86
水田 250 250 300 350
Ni 所有 60 70 100 190 26.9
Cd 其他 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.17
水田 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8
As 其他 40 40 30 25 12.3
水田 30 30 25 20
Hg 其他 1.3 1.8 2.4 3.4 0.08
水田 0.5 0.5 0.6 1
Table 1  单因子指数评价重金属元素含量参考值
Fig.2  调查区土壤重金属含量统计
重金属 以湖北省土壤背景值为参考 以GB15618—2018为参考
超标个数 超标率 单因子污染指数
最小值~最大值(平均值)		 超标个数 超标率 单因子污染指数
最小值~最大值(平均值)
Cu 107 14.59% 1~5.21/(1.37) 10 1.48% 1.07~3.2/(1.43)
Pb 79 10.81% 1~8.31/(1.26) 1 0.14% 3.1
Zn 170 23.11% 1~13.77/(1.28) 1 0.27% 1.41~5.75/(3.58)
Cr 88 11.89% 1~2.95/(1.47) 19 2.57% 1~1.69/(1.26)
Ni 158 21.49% 1~9.03/(1.6) 15 2.16% 1.04~4.05/(1.42)
Cd 107 14.59% 1~191.17/(2.75) 14 2.03% 1~9.33/(8.66)
As 32 4.46% 1~6.17/(1.63) 1 0.27% 1.02~1.9/(1.46)
Hg 65 8.78% 1~7.68/(1.57) 0 0
Table 2  调查区土壤重金属含量超标情况统计
Fig.3  调查区重金属含量超标点污染评价
Fig.4  金沙湖调查区重金属污染评价及超标点分布
Fig.5  觅儿寺调查区重金属污染程度及超标点分布
项目 Cu Pb Zn Cr Ni Cd As Hg
最小值/10-6 9.35 8.27 41.70 7.25 4.48 0.03 2.26 0.004
最大值/10-6 90.40 52.80 234.00 122.00 69.60 0.71 43.30 0.13
平均值/10-6 32.87 22.73 97.58 53.82 27.07 0.22 13.46 0.04
变异系数/% 81.27 48.10 61.91 60.41 73.11 101.51 78.07 78.43
湖北省背景值/10-6 30.70 26.70 83.60 86.00 26.90 0.17 12.30 0.08
背景值倍数 1.07 0.85 1.17 0.63 1.01 1.32 1.09 0.50
Table 3  垂直剖面土壤重金属含量统计
Fig.6  垂直剖面土壤重金属含量
Fig.7  研究区土壤重金属主成分分析
单项生态风险因子(Ei) 综合生态风险指数(RI)
等级 得分 等级 得分
低生态风险 <40 低生态风险 <150
中等生态风险 40~80 中等生态风险 150~300
较高生态风险 80~160 较高生态风险 300~600
高生态风险 >160 高生态风险 >600
Table 4  重金属潜在生态风险分级评价标准
Fig.8  研究区生态风险分布
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