硫、铅同位素对地表土壤微细粒金属全量测量异常的示踪——以水银洞卡林型隐伏金矿体为例

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2023.1215

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摘要

在覆盖区寻找隐伏矿床是解决目前资源困境的重要途径之一。国内外所发展的深穿透地球化学方法对已知隐伏矿床开展了大量试验研究,取得了较好的效果。由于无法确定地表金属元素异常是否直接来自深部矿体,使上述方法未在未知覆盖区开展广泛的找矿工作,因此急需发展地表异常示踪技术。贵州水银洞金矿是我国超大型全隐伏的卡林型金矿床,成矿流体富含S、Au、As、Sb、Hg等元素。本文以该矿床为研究对象,采集地表微细粒土壤样品,分析5种微量元素(Au、As、Cu、Sb、Hg)的含量,以验证微细粒土壤全量测量技术在该矿床的找矿效果,并用S、Pb同位素识别地表土壤异常来源。研究发现:①微细粒土壤测量技术在该矿区的指示效果好,Au-As-Sb-Hg高异常区与隐伏矿体和断层的分布较为吻合,其中Hg对隐伏矿体的指示效果最好;②隐伏矿体及断层上方土壤中δ³⁴S值、放射成因的w(²⁰⁷Pb)/w(²⁰⁴Pb)和w(²⁰⁶Pb)/w(²⁰⁴Pb)显著高于围岩区土壤,可有效示踪地表微细粒土壤中的异常来自于深部的隐伏矿体。该研究为在同类型覆盖区用微细粒土壤全量测量技术寻找隐伏卡林型金矿提供了理论依据。

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关键词 ：硫、铅同位素, 土壤微细粒全量测量, 异常源示踪, 水银洞金矿

Abstract：

Exploring concealed deposits in covered areas is an important way to solve the current resource dilemma. Extensive experimental studies using the deep-penetration geochemical methods developed at home and abroad have been conducted targeting some known concealed deposits, yielding satisfactory results. However, these methods have yet to be widely employed for prospecting in unknown covered areas due to the failure in determining whether surface metal element anomalies are directly from deep ore bodies. Accordingly, it is urgent to develop a tracing technique for surface anomalies. The Shuiyindong gold deposit in Guizhou Province is a super-large fully-concealed Carlin-type gold deposit in China, and its ore-forming fluids are rich in elements such as S, Au, As, Sb, and Hg. This study sampled surface fine-grained soils in the Shuiyindong gold deposit for the concentration analysis of five trace elements (Au, As, Cu, Sb, and Hg), verifying the prospecting effect of the total metal measurement technique of fine-grained soils in this deposit. Moreover, the source of surface soil anomalies was identified using sulfur (S) and lead (Pb) isotopes. This study found that: ① The total metal measurement technique of fine-grained soils showed encouraging indicative effects, with the high Au-As-Sb-Hg anomalies obtained roughly consistent with the distribution of concealed ore bodies and faults, and Hg exhibited the best indication effect on concealed ore bodies. ② The δ³⁴S values and the ratios of radiogenic w(²⁰⁷Pb)/w(²⁰⁴Pb) and w(²⁰⁶Pb)/w(²⁰⁴Pb) in the soil above concealed ore bodies and faults were significantly higher than those in the soil of the surrounding rock area, effectively indicating that the anomalies in the surface fine-grained soils were from deep concealed ore bodies. This study provides a theoretical basis for exploring concealed Carlin-type gold deposits in the same type of covered areas using the total metal measurement technique of fine-grained soils.

Key words： sulfur and lead isotopes total metal measurement of fine-grained soils anomaly source tracing Shuiyindong gold deposit

收稿日期: 2022-04-24 修回日期: 2022-10-19 出版日期: 2023-08-20

ZTFLH:

P632

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目“覆盖区地球化学异常源示踪与判别”(2016YFC0600604)

通讯作者: 刘雪敏(1987-),女,博士,主要从事勘查地球化学与矿床地球化学研究工作。Email:451245437@qq.com

作者简介: 袁玉婷(1998-),女,硕士,2021年毕业于成都理工大学地球化学专业,主要从事穿透性地球化学勘查技术学习与研究工作。Email:578631493@qq.com

引用本文:

袁玉婷, 刘雪敏, 王学求, 谭亲平. 硫、铅同位素对地表土壤微细粒金属全量测量异常的示踪——以水银洞卡林型隐伏金矿体为例[J]. 物探与化探, 2023, 47(4): 1083-1097.
YUAN Yu-Ting, LIU Xue-Min, WANG Xue-Qiu, TAN Qin-Ping. Sulfur-lead isotopes based tracing of the metal element anomalies identified in the total metal measurement of surface fine-grained soils: A case study of the Shuiyindong Carlin-type concealed gold deposit. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2023, 47(4): 1083-1097.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2023.1215 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I4/1083

Fig.1 水银洞卡林型金矿地质简图(修改自文献[20])
1—永宁镇组;2—长兴至大隆组;3—夜郎组;4—龙潭组;5—逆断层及其编号;6—正断层及其编号;7—性质不明断层及其编号;8—灰家堡背斜;9—矿段;10—A-B剖面线

Fig.2 水银洞卡林型金矿纳秧矿段剖面地质图(剖面A-B位置见图1)
1—夜郎组第三段;2—夜郎组第二段;3—夜郎组第一段;4—大隆组;5—长兴组;6—龙潭组第三段;7—龙潭组第二段;8—龙潭组第一段;9—构造蚀变体;10—茅口组;11—钻孔;12—断层;13—矿体

Fig.3 水银洞卡林型金矿纳秧段采样点分布
(奥维互动地图投影)

Table 1 各元素分析的检测方法依据、主要检测仪器和标样信息

Table 2 水银洞卡林型金矿纳秧段微细粒级土壤5种微量元素统计参数

Table 3 水银洞卡林型金矿纳秧段微细粒土壤5种微量元素相关性分析

Fig.4 水银洞卡林型金矿纳秧段微细粒土壤5种微量元素的剖面变化折线

Table 4 水银洞卡林型金矿纳秧段土壤样品S、Pb同位素组成的统计参数

Fig.5 水银洞卡林型金矿纳秧段微细粒土壤S、Pb同位素组成的剖面变化折线

Table 5 水银洞卡林型金矿矿石、围岩样品的硫同位素数据

Fig.6 水银洞卡林型金矿区土壤、矿石、围岩的硫同位素组成

Table 6 水银洞卡林型金矿纳秧段微细粒土壤4种微量元素与硫、铅同位素的相关性分析

Table 7 水银洞卡林型金矿矿石黄铁矿的铅同位素组成

Fig.7 水银洞卡林型金矿纳秧矿段地表土壤、矿石黄铁矿的w(²⁰⁷Pb)/w(²⁰⁴Pb)-w(²⁰⁶Pb)/w(²⁰⁴Pb)(a)、w(²⁰⁸Pb)/w(²⁰⁴Pb)-w(²⁰⁷Pb)/w(²⁰⁶Pb)(b)图解

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