Based on the data derived from the geochemical survey of land quality in the Guyuan region, Ningxia, this study studied the background values of 30 elements (indicators) in the surface soil using mathematical statistics. This study compared the distribution and enrichment (or dilution) characteristics of elements in different parent materials (parent rocks) and land use types and further analyzed the factors restricting the distribution of the elements from the perspective of element association characteristics using the principal component analysis method. The results show that the contents of iron-philic element Ni, tungsten-philic element Mo, alkaline (earth) metal elements Na2O, MgO, CaO, halogen elements I, F, and copper-philic element As were all higher than corresponding national background values, while the contents of the biophilic elements such as Hg, Se, organic matter, N, and Pb were lower than corresponding national background values. Parent materials (parent rocks) were the main factor controlling the characteristics of element contents in soil. In the process of soil formation, natural and man-made influences have caused the enrichment or dilution of some elements. N, Mo, I, organic matter, and S are significantly controlled by the laterite parent material and their parent rocks, and the erosion of Ca2+ and Na+ causes weathering and leaching due to hydrodynamic effects. The element contents in the soil in the river valley plain were between those of laterite and those of loess parent material. In a supergene environment, Na2O, K2O, and Cl, which are prone to dissolve in water, are rich in estuaries and valleys due to hydrodynamic action. P, Hg, Se, and Mo elements are locally rich due to human interference. The factor analysis shows that parent materials (parent rocks), weathering, leaching, and bioaccumulation in the process of soil formation, and human production activities all affect the background values of the surface soil in the study area. The study results will provide basic geochemical information for the assessment of the regional resources and environment.
李永春, 苏日力格, 周文辉, 邰苏日嘎拉, 陈国栋, 王永亮, 高琪, 张祥, 张栋. 宁夏南部山区葫芦河流域土壤地球化学特征及影响因素分析[J]. 物探与化探, 2022, 46(4): 999-1010.
LI Yong-Chun, SU Ri-Li-Ge, ZHOU Wen-Hui, TAI Su-Ri-Ga-La, CHEN Guo-Dong, WANG Yong-Liang, GAO Qi, ZHANG Xiang, ZHANG Dong. Geochemical characteristics and influencing factors of soil in Hulu River Basin in the southern mountainous region of Ningxia. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2022, 46(4): 999-1010.
Dai J R, Pang X G, Yu C, et al. Geochemical features and contamination assessment of soil elements in east Shandong Province[J]. Geology in China, 2021, 38(5):1387-1395.
Zhao Q L, Li Q C. Geochemical characteristics of plowing layer soil in south Jining Region,Shandong Province,China and its contribution factors[J]. Earth and Environment, 2016, 44(1):25-35.
Li H, Huang Y, Zhang Q R, et al. Soil geochemical characteristics and influencing factors in Beijing Plain[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2021, 45(2):502-516.
Li K, Peng M, Zhao C D, et al. Vicenial implementation of geochemical survey of land quality in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2019, 26(6): 128-158.
Ma G, Han X N, Wei W X, et al. Distribution and health risk assessment of heavy metals in topsoil of urban aeras of Guyuan City[J]. Journal of Ningxia Normal University, 2021, 42(4):51-60.
An H Y, Huang G. Analysis of water resources status and changes of mountain rivers in Southern Ningxia[J]. Ningxia Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, 2011, 52(12):261-265.
Wu X H, Ni W K, Liu H S, et al. Report on geological disasters in Xiji,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region[R] Ningxia Institute of Land Resources Investigate and Monitor, 2011.
Xu J M, Yu Y Q, Wang J Z, et al. Ecological environment investigation and ecological construction model achievement report in the southern region of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region[R]. Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,2006.
Bao L R, Gong Y Y, Yan M S, et al. Element geochemical baseline and distributions in soil in Chongqing West Economic Zone,China[J]. Earth and Environment, 2015, 43(1):31-40.
Wang Q L, Song Y T, Wang C W, et al. Characteristics and genesis of soil element background Baoshan-Lincang area in Western Yunnan Province[J]. Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology:Natural Sciences, 2021, 2(46):37-50.
[18]
Wilding L P. Spatial variability:Its documentation,accommodation and implication to soil surveys[G]//Nielsen D R,Bouma J.Soil spatial variability. Wageningen:PUDOC publishers, 1985:166-194.
Wang R, Yu T, Yang Z F, et al. Bioavailability of soil selenium and its influencing factors in selenium-enriched soil[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2018, 27(7):1647-1654.
Tang S Q, Wan N, Zeng M Z, et al. Geochemical characteristics of selenium and cadmium in soil and crops in Enshi area[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2020, 44(3):607-614.
[22]
Li Z, Liang D L, Peng Q, et al. Interaction between selemium and soil organic matter and its impact on soil selenium bioavailability:Areview[J]. Geoderma, 2017, 295:69-79.
doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.02.019
[23]
侯青叶, 杨忠芳, 余涛, 等. 中国土壤地球化学参数[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2020.
[23]
Hou Q Y, Yang Z F, Yu T, et al. Soil geochemical dataset of China[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2020.
Cheng X X, Wang Y S, Lu W Q, et al. Report on demonstration results of groundwater exploration and water supply safety in severely water-deficient area in the middle and south of Ningxia[R]. Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,China Geological Survey,Geological Survey Institute of Ningxia Hui Autonomoug Region,2015.
Lin C H, Xu M H, Yang J H. Eco-geochemical investigations and assessments of the coastal economic zone of Fujian Province,China[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2007, 26(5):605-612.
[26]
孙启祥, 张建锋, Franz M. 不同土地利用方式土壤化学性状与酶学指标分析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2006, 20(4):98-101,159.
[26]
Sun Q X, Zhang J F, Franz M. Evaluation of soil chemical properties and enzymes activity under different land use systems[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 20(4):98-101,159.
Cheng H X, Li K, Li M, et al. Geochemical background and baseline value of chemical elements in urban soil in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2014, 21(3):265-306.
Wu H B, Liu X M, Lyu B, et al. Debates about the origin of loess and their significances[J]. Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment, 2016, 11(3):38-45.
Yu T, Yang Z F, Wang R, et al. Characteristics and sources of soil selenium and other elements in typical high selenium soil area of Enshi[J]. Soils, 2018, 50(6):1119-1125.
Chen G G, Liang X H, Zhang J, et al. Geochemical survey method of land quality in hilly areas:A case study of the geochemical surveyof land quality in Canzhou[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2020, 44(3):463-469.
Yuan S Y, Li C A. Study on sediment provenances in Jianghan Basin since Quaternary based on factorial analysis[J]. Geoscience, 2014, 28(5):980-985.
[32]
Zhang S, Yang D, Li F, et al. Determination of regional soil geochemical baselines for trace metals with principal compo-nent regression: A case study in the Jianghan plain,China[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2014, 48:193-206
doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.07.019
Liu J S, Yang J S, Yu J B, et al. Study on vertical distribution of soil organic carbon in Wetlands Sanjiang Plain[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2003, 17(3):5-8.