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物探与化探  2025, Vol. 49 Issue (6): 1418-1429    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2025.1489
  生态地质调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
江苏省土壤锌元素地球化学特征及其利用前景
汪子意1,2(), 廖启林1,2, 汪媛媛1,2(), 崔晓丹1,2, 刘玮晶1,2, 徐宏婷1,2, 李文婷1,2
江苏省地质调查研究院 自然资源部国土(耕地)生态监测与修复工程技术创新中心, 江苏 南京 210018
Geochemical characteristics and utilization prospects of Zn in farmland soils, Jiangsu Province
WANG Zi-Yi1,2(), LIAO Qi-Lin1,2, WANG Yuan-Yuan1,2(), CUI Xiao-Dan1,2, LIU Wei-Jing1,2, XU Hong-Ting1,2, LI Wen-Ting1,2
Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring & Restoration Project on Land (Arable), Ministry of Natural Resources; Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, China
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摘要 

基于江苏省区域生态地球化学调查及土地质量地球化学评估等获取的农田土壤地球化学数据资料,在深入分析、系统研究土壤Zn地球化学特征的基础上,探讨利用富锌土壤生产天然富锌食品的前景。研究结果显示:①江苏省农田土壤Zn空间分布不均衡,平均含量约为70 mg/kg,土壤有效Zn占土壤Zn的20%左右,土壤Zn控制土壤有效Zn的分布,二者具有显著正相关性;②土壤质地、成因类型、TOC和Fe等均对土壤Zn富集分布有重要影响,石灰岩土是江苏省最富Zn的土壤类型,全新统海积粉砂土是最富Zn的成土母质,土壤Zn同Se、Cu、Fe、Al、Mo、TOC等之间具有(较)显著正相关性;③研究区稻米Zn均量为18 mg/kg,生物富集系数均值为0.2,稻米Zn同土壤Zn、Se、TOC具有显著正相关性,同土壤pH具有显著负相关性;麦籽Zn均量为28 mg/kg,生物富集系数均值为0.36,麦籽Zn同土壤Zn、Se、B、TOC具有显著正相关性,稻麦籽粒Zn与Se也有显著正相关性;④参照行业标准,确定江苏省富锌土壤、富锌稻米、富锌麦籽占比依次为11.39%、29%、13.69%,指示其富锌土壤资源开发利用前景广阔。将天然富锌食品与富硒土壤资源开发、农田土壤改良(改善其TOC、pH)等有机结合起来,会极大提高开发利用效率。研究成果为科学利用江苏省Zn等有益微量土壤资源提供了依据。
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汪子意
廖启林
汪媛媛
崔晓丹
刘玮晶
徐宏婷
李文婷
关键词 ： 土壤地球化学,  锌,  元素地球化学,  江苏    
Abstract：

Based on the geochemical data of farmland soils in Jiangsu Province, obtained from regional eco-geochemical surveys and the geochemical assessment of land quality in past years, this study delved into the geochemical characteristics of Zn in soils, aiming to explore the prospects of producing natural zinc-rich food in Zn-rich soils. The results indicate that Zn in farmland soils in Jiangsu Province exhibited an uneven distribution, with an average Zn content of approximately 70 mg/kg. The available Zn accounted for about 20% of the total Zn in soils. The total Zn in soils dictated the distribution of available Zn, with a significant positive correlation between both. Significant factors influencing the enrichment and distribution of Zn in soils included soil texture, genetic type, total organic carbon (TOC) content, and Fe content. Among various soils, limestone soils were the most enriched in Zn in Jiangsu Province, while the Holocene marine silty soils served as soil parent materials most enriched in Zn. Zn in soils manifested (relatively) significant positive correlations with Se, Cu, Fe, Al, Mo, and TOC contents. Rice seeds showed an average Zn content of 18 mg/kg, with an average bio-concentration factor (BCF) value of 0.2. Zn in rice seeds was significantly positively correlated with Zn, Se, and TOC content in soils but significantly negatively correlated with soil pH. In contrast, wheat seeds showed an average Zn content of 28 mg/kg, with an average BCF value of 0.36. Zn in wheat seeds was significantly positively correlated with Zn, Se, B, and TOC content in soils. Additionally, a significant positive correlation between Zn and Se was observed in both rice and wheat seeds. According to the industrial standards, the proportions of zinc-rich soils, zinc-rich rice seeds, and zinc-rich wheat seeds in Jiangsu Province were 11.39%, 29%, and 13.69% respectively, suggesting promising prospects for the development and utilization of zinc-rich soil resources in Jiangsu Province. The development and utilization efficiency of zinc-rich soil resources can be significantly enhanced by combining the production of natural zinc-rich food and the amelioration of farmland soils (e.g., improving TOC content and pH in soils). Overall, the results of this study provide a basis for scientifically utilizing beneficial trace elements such as Zn in soils in Jiangsu Province.
Key words： soil    Zn    elemental geochemistry    Jiangsu Province
收稿日期: 2024-12-26      修回日期: 2025-07-09      出版日期: 2025-12-20
ZTFLH:  P632  
  P596  
基金资助:江苏省自然资源发展专项资金(海洋科技创新)项目(JSZRHYKJ202117);江苏省基础研究计划暨自然科学(面上)项目(BK20171496);江苏省国土(耕地)生态地质环境监测项目(苏财建[2018]96号);自然资源部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201111021)
通讯作者: 汪媛媛
引用本文:   
汪子意, 廖启林, 汪媛媛, 崔晓丹, 刘玮晶, 徐宏婷, 李文婷. 江苏省土壤锌元素地球化学特征及其利用前景[J]. 物探与化探, 2025, 49(6): 1418-1429.
WANG Zi-Yi, LIAO Qi-Lin, WANG Yuan-Yuan, CUI Xiao-Dan, LIU Wei-Jing, XU Hong-Ting, LI Wen-Ting. Geochemical characteristics and utilization prospects of Zn in farmland soils, Jiangsu Province. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(6): 1418-1429.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.1489      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I6/1418
Fig.1  江苏省农田土壤锌地球化学分布
产地 样品数n w(Zn)/(mg·kg-1) 标准离差 CV pH
Xmin Xmax $\overline{X}$ Xmin Xmax $\overline{X}$
全省 23905 18.3 1021 72.4 24.9 0.34 4.22 9.22 7.76
南京市 1591 34.6 823 75.8 34.73 0.46 4.38 8.29 6.31
无锡市 989 34.0 624 78.7 28.21 0.36 4.44 8.12 6.26
徐州市 2823 21.2 262 64.3 16.45 0.26 4.95 9.01 8.12
常州市 1013 37.4 225 68.5 19.68 0.29 4.37 8.16 6.35
苏州市 1665 42.2 328 92.1 23.9 0.26 4.26 9.92 6.39
南通市 2154 47.6 143 73.6 11.13 0.15 5.42 8.75 8.03
连云港市 1869 18.3 1021 76.4 43.44 0.57 4.22 9.10 7.74
淮安市 2266 35.6 604 67.0 19.19 0.29 4.97 8.56 7.79
盐城市 3725 33.0 678 69.2 16.31 0.24 5.30 9.22 8.08
扬州市 1536 46.7 632 76.1 25.50 0.33 5.22 8.34 7.34
镇江市 931 43.6 604 79.2 37.45 0.47 4.83 8.23 6.66
泰州市 1423 47.3 208 73.5 14.29 0.19 4.80 8.44 7.62
宿迁市 1920 27.3 117 63.2 15.83 0.25 5.03 8.62 7.97
沿海滩涂 1199 35.5 103 50.9 10.53 0.21 7.94 9.20 8.67
Table 1  江苏省13市及沿海滩涂区土壤Zn含量地球化学参数
Fig.2  江苏主要土壤类型Zn分布丰度对比
Fig.3  江苏主要成土母质土壤Zn分布丰度对比
全省土壤(n=23 905)
Zn Pb Cu Fe Mn Si Al K Ca Mg N Se TOC
Zn 1.0**
Pb 0.43* 1.0**
Cu 0.57** 0.34* 1.0**
Fe 0.52** 0.24 0.61** 1.0**
Mn 0.18 0.20 0.25 0.56** 1.0**
Si -0.36* 0.02 -0.28 -0.54** -0.37* 1.0**
Al 0.45* 0.28 0.52** 0.82** 0.40* -0.37* 1.0**
K 0.19 0.01 0.10 0.18 0.14 -0.45* 0.24 1.0**
Na -0.29 -0.30 -0.41* -0.62** -0.33* -0.01 -0.53** 0.07
Ca 0.12 -0.16 0.02 0.11 0.14 -0.82** -0.15 0.25 1.0**
Mg 0.34* -0.13 0.19 0.37* 0.20 -0.87** 0.16 0.40* 0.82** 1.0**
N 0.39* 0.24 0.34* 0.31* -0.07 0.07 0.33* -0.04 -0.29 -0.14 1.0**
P 0.25 -0.07 0.03 -0.13 -.013 -0.27 -0.31* 0.08 0.41* 0.44* 0.14
S 0.14 0.09 0.09 0.02 -0.03 -0.13 0.02 0.02 0.11 0.12 0.10
Se 0.32* 0.42* 0.32* 0.19 0.06 0.16 0.22 -0.08 -0.27 -0.26 0.44* 1.0**
B 0.09 0.09 0.07 -0.07 -0.31* 0.49* -0.06 -0.21 -0.49* -0.34* 0.31* 0.24
Mo 0.28 0.21 0.40* 0.31* 0.22 -0.20 0.24 0.07 0.11 0.01 0.08 0.43*
TOC 0.39* 0.28 0.37* 0.29 -0.08 0.10 0.36* -0.06 -0.33* -0.21 0.92** 0.53** 1.0**
pH 0.13 -0.20 -0.04 0.05 0.10 -0.64** -0.12 0.23 0.75** 0.79** -0.27 -0.33* -0.34*
泰州市土壤(n=1 423)
Zn Pb Cu Fe Mn Si Al K Ca Mg N Se TOC
Zn 1.0**
Pb 0.76** 1.0**
Cu 0.86** 0.83** 1.0**
Fe 0.78** 0.80** 0.89** 1.0**
Mn 0.74** 0.68** 0.81** 0.78** 1.0**
Si -0.77** -0.72** -0.84** -0.88** -0.80** 1.0**
Al 0.62** 0.71** 0.77** 0.91** 0.59** -0.71** 1.0**
K 0.66** 0.72** 0.78** 0.90** 0.67** -0.76** 0.93** 1.0**
Na -0.73** -0.82** -0.85** -0.95** -0.74** 0.85** -0.90** -0.89**
Ca 0.24 0.05 0.17 -0.01 0.40* -0.35* -0.33* -0.19* 1.0**
Mg 0.55** 0.28 0.48* 0.33* 0.62** -0.58** 0.01 0.17 0.82** 1.0**
N 0.39* 0.43* 0.39* 0.38* 0.06 -0.32* 0.40* 0.31* -0.23 -0.080** 1.0**
P 0.05 -0.18 -0.15 -0.39* -0.11 0.19 -0.58** -0.51** 0.49* 0.41* 0.072
S 0.22 0.26 0.21 0.19 -0.01 -0.22 0.20 0.15 -0.08 -0.08 0.64**
Se 0.70** 0.76** 0.78** 0.74** 0.54** -0.69** 0.67** 0.59** 0.06 0.26 0.60** 1.0**
B 0.01 -0.01 0.06 -0.03 0.05 0.09 -0.01 -0.08 -0.05 0.08 0.03 0.07
Mo 0.60** 0.63** 0.67** 0.66** 0.56** -0.65** 0.56** 0.58** 0.14 0.31* 0.34* 0.65**
TOC 0.47* 0.55** 0.53** 0.54** 0.15 -0.42* 0.62** 0.51** -0.36* -0.14* 0.86** 0.71** 1.0**
pH -0.05 -0.23 -0.18 -0.32* 0.10 0.03 -0.55** -0.39* 0.73** 0.56** -0.41* -0.27 -0.54**
Table 2  江苏全省与泰州市土壤Zn等元素含量相关系数
分类 参数 w(Zn)/(mg·kg-1) 占比/% TOC/% CEC
/(mmol·kg-1)		 pH
F1 F2 F1+F2 Zn全量 F1 F2 F1+F2
酸性土壤
(n=328)		 Xmin 1.10 3.87 7.05 38.00 1.30 7.65 13.40 0.66 92.00 4.74
Xmax 36.60 65.90 86.00 228.00 31.47 35.41 55.29 3.33 404.00 6.99
$\overline{X}$ 4.54 15.12 19.66 84.32 5.36 17.43 22.79 2.11 186.02 5.89
CV 0.69 0.52 0.51 0.31 0.46 0.25 0.24 0.22 0.22 0.10
碱性土壤
(n=131)		 Xmin 0.80 6.42 7.96 50.00 0.77 11.44 12.88 0.19 64.00 7.00
Xmax 43.40 199.00 242.40 377.00 19.43 52.79 64.30 11.89 408.00 8.44
$\overline{X}$ 5.40 27.04 32.44 103.83 4.54 22.91 27.45 1.75 200.07 7.80
CV 1.11 0.95 0.96 0.51 0.61 0.35 0.37 0.66 0.42 0.06
Table 3  江苏农田土壤Zn形态分析结果统计
Fig.4  江苏丁蜀镇土壤有效Zn、活动态Zn与土壤Zn全量散点分布及相关系数
分类 参数 含量/(mg·kg-1) 有效度/% TOC/% CEC
/(mmol·kg-1)		 pH
有效Zn Zn 有效Mn Mn Se Zn Mn
酸性土壤
(n=2013)		 Xmin 0.86 16.60 2.11 32 0.093 0.52 0.94 0.17 16.20 3.86
Xmax 229 1805 1424 2786 3.93 71.29 94.37 7.35 598 6.99
$\overline{X}$ 6.96 71.19 191.64 481.07 0.50 7.42 35.91 1.49 146.38 5.65
CV 1.16 0.77 0.83 0.52 0.56 0.50 0.39 0.39 0.34 0.13
碱性土壤
(n=427)		 Xmin 0.49 18.30 21.40 151 0.089 0.33 5.38 0.16 52.40 7.00
Xmax 290 1208 6919 12188 33.50 77.67 71.66 3.64 416 8.69
$\overline{X}$ 9.09 102.05 255.24 625.58 0.56 8.57 38.03 1.37 172.58 7.60
CV 1.86 1.05 1.40 0.98 2.96 0.90 0.30 0.48 0.28 0.05
Table 4  丁蜀镇土壤有效Zn、Zn全量及土壤理化指标统计
分类 参数 w(Zn)/(mg·kg-1) BCF(Zn) w(Se)/(mg·kg-1) BCF(Se) w(Cd)/(mg·kg-1) BCF(Cd) 土壤pH
稻米 土壤 稻米 土壤 稻米 土壤
酸性土壤
(n=840)		 Xmin 8.56 29.60 0.027 0.012 0.096 0.014 0.005 0.070 0.009 4.46
Xmax 41.10 1314 0.626 0.32 4.01 0.750 0.2 10.5 1.538 6.99
$\overline{X}$ 19.82 111.29 0.243 0.059 0.486 0.142 0.073 0.750 0.171 5.80
CV 0.26 1.20 0.45 0.63 0.75 0.55 0.73 1.33 0.92 0.10
碱性土壤
(n=423)		 Xmin 7.68 42.9 0.034 0.013 0.086 0.008 0.0026 0.074 0.005 7.00
Xmax 30.9 824 0.469 0.32 9.47 0.791 0.2 19.9 0.545 8.45
$\overline{X}$ 16.07 115.97 0.160 0.063 0.730 0.160 0.037 1.454 0.046 7.79
CV 0.23 0.57 0.42 0.70 1.51 0.78 1.10 1.67 1.07 0.04
Table 5  江苏太湖和里下河地区稻米Zn等元素含量分布地球化学参数统计
Fig.5  江苏太湖和里下河地区稻米Zn 同土壤Zn、Se、TOC、pH相关性分析结果
分类 参数 w(Zn)/(mg·kg-1) BCF
(Zn)		 w(Se)/(mg·kg-1) BCF
(SE)		 w(Cd)/(mg·kg-1) BCF
(Cd)		 w(Mn)/(mg·kg-1) BCF
(Mn)		 pH
麦籽 土壤 麦籽 土壤 麦籽 土壤 麦籽 土壤
酸性土壤
(n=90)		 Xmin 15.6 36.2 0.187 0.013 0.14 0.061 0.012 0.068 0.026 13.20 58 0.027 5.14
Xmax 49.8 219 0.699 0.14 0.51 0.356 0.1 0.97 0.853 55.90 1267 0.552 6.99
$\stackrel{-}{X}$ 28.99 79.58 0.390 0.04 0.26 0.17 0.04 0.18 0.31 29.72 490.74 0.07 6.23
CV 0.23 0.34 0.29 0.40 0.30 0.34 0.48 0.67 0.63 0.32 0.42 0.81 0.07
碱性土壤
(n=114)		 Xmin 13.4 47.6 0.079 0.012 0.11 0.064 0.009 0.08 0.038 7.57 257 0.014 7.02
Xmax 43.1 282 0.749 0.42 1.12 2.05 0.1 0.97 0.667 61.20 2377 0.129 8.46
$\stackrel{-}{X}$ 27.21 84.88 0.340 0.05 0.24 0.206 0.039 0.22 0.205 26.19 642 0.044 7.87
CV 0.24 0.31 0.33 1.21 0.50 1.21 0.56 0.52 0.68 0.37 0.40 0.43 0.05
Table 6  江苏徐淮和里下河地区麦籽样品Zn等含量分布地球化学参数统计
Fig.6  江苏省典型农田稻米、麦籽中Zn与Se的相关性分析结果
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