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物探与化探  2024, Vol. 48 Issue (4): 1114-1124    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2024.1369
  生态地质调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
江苏省里下河地区富硒土壤元素地球化学特征及其成因机制
廖启林1,2(), 黄顺生1,2(), 许伟伟1,2, 崔晓丹1,2, 金洋1,2, 刘玲1,2, 汪媛媛1,2, 李文博1,2, 周强1,2
1.自然资源部国土(耕地)生态监测与修复工程技术创新中心,江苏 南京 210018
2.江苏省地质调查研究院,江苏 南京 210018
Elemental geochemical characteristics and genetic mechanisms of Se-rich soils in the Lixiahe area in Jiangsu Province
LIAO Qi-Lin1,2(), HUANG Shun-Sheng1,2(), XU Wei-Wei1,2, CUI Xiao-Dan1,2, JIN Yang1,2, LIU Ling1,2, WANG Yuan-Yuan1,2, LI Wen-Bo1,2, ZHOU Qiang1,2
1. Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring & Restoration Project on Land (Arable), Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210018, China
2. Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, China
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摘要 

基于江苏省里下河平原区所积累的有关生态地球化学调查数据,通过元素分布对比、相关分析、R型聚类分析、主成分分析等,系统探讨了该区富硒土壤的元素地球化学特征和成因机制,为合理开发利用第四纪沉积类型的富硒土地资源等提供了依据或线索。研究结果显示:里下河富硒土壤为典型的第四纪沉积成因,富有机质、偏还原的封闭的潟湖相沉积环境是形成局地富硒土壤的基础;富硒土壤特征元素组合为Se-OM-N-K-Fe-Co,主要位于地表30 cm以上深度,Se含量多为(0.3~0.4)×10-6,分布均匀;土壤中大多数元素之间有显著正相关性,Se-OM、Se-CEC的相关系数r分别为0.74、0.66,Se和pH之间有较显著负相关性,相关系数为-0.35;富硒土壤形成要经历成土母质初始富集、成土期间再富集和成土后表生富集3个富Se阶段,以及非潟湖相沉积物(如海相沉积等)的干扰,有机质吸附、胶体吸附和生物地球化学作用是导致土壤Se富集的主要原因;富硒土壤中还伴有Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Co、V等相对富集,但相关重金属未超标。
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廖启林
黄顺生
许伟伟
崔晓丹
金洋
刘玲
汪媛媛
李文博
周强
关键词 ： 富硒土壤,  元素,  地球化学特征,  成因机制,  里下河地区,  江苏    
Abstract：

Based on relevant eco-geochemical survey data collected fromthe Lixiahe plain area in Jiangsu Province,this study systematically explored the geochemical characteristics of elements in Se-rich soils and the genetic mechanism through elemental distribution contrast, correlation analysis, R-type cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. This study can be referenced for the rational production and utilization of Se-rich land resources of the Quaternary sedimentary type. Key findings are as follows: (1)Se-rich soilsin the Lixiahe area are typical Quaternary sediments, and the closed lagoon facies sedimentary environment characterized by rich organic matter and slightly reducing conditions plays a foundational role in the formation of local Se-rich soils;(2) Typical element association, Se-OM-N-K-Fe-Co, in Se-rich soils is primarily located within a depth of 30 cm from the surface, with Se content ranging mostly from 0.3×10-6 to 0.4×10-6 in a uniform distribution; (3) Significant positive correlations between Se and some other elements can be observed in the soils, with the correlation coefficients (r)between Se and OM,and Se and CEC being 0.74 and 0.66, respectively.In contrast, Se exhibits a significant negative correlation with pH, with a correlation coefficient of -0.35; (4) The formation of Se-rich soilsmight have experienced three Se enrichment stages: the initial enrichment in soil parent materials, the re-enrichment during soil formation, and the supergene enrichment after soil formation, accompanied by interference from non-lagoon facies sediments (such as marine sediments). Organic matter adsorption, colloid adsorption, and biogeochemistry constitute the main causes of Se enrichment in the soils; (5) The Se-rich soils are also relatively enriched in heavy metal elements like Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, and V, which are within the national limit standards.
Key words： Se-rich soil    element    geochemical characteristics    geneticmechanism    Lixiahe area    Jiangsu Province
收稿日期: 2024-08-25      修回日期: 2023-12-25      出版日期: 2024-08-20
ZTFLH:  P632  
  P596  
基金资助:江苏省自然资源发展专项资金(海洋科技创新)项目(JSZRHYKJ202117);江苏省自然科学基金面上项目(BK20171496)
通讯作者: 黄顺生(1975-),男,正高级工程师,勘查地球化学与地质矿产专业。Email: 21381565@qq.com
作者简介: 廖启林(1964-),男,博士,研究员级高级工程师, 地球化学专业。Email: 1043034588@qq.com
引用本文:   
廖启林, 黄顺生, 许伟伟, 崔晓丹, 金洋, 刘玲, 汪媛媛, 李文博, 周强. 江苏省里下河地区富硒土壤元素地球化学特征及其成因机制[J]. 物探与化探, 2024, 48(4): 1114-1124.
LIAO Qi-Lin, HUANG Shun-Sheng, XU Wei-Wei, CUI Xiao-Dan, JIN Yang, LIU Ling, WANG Yuan-Yuan, LI Wen-Bo, ZHOU Qiang. Elemental geochemical characteristics and genetic mechanisms of Se-rich soils in the Lixiahe area in Jiangsu Province. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(4): 1114-1124.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2024.1369      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I4/1114
Fig.1  江苏省富硒土壤分布状况及研究区位置
指标 X — m i n X — m a x X — CV X — g Sa X — m i n a X — m a x a X — a CVa 里下河土
壤均值		 江苏省土
壤均值[19]		 石嘴山富硒
土壤均值
Se 0.26 0.7 0.30 0.16 0.30 1179 0.26 0.35 0.29 0.09 0.20 0.21 0.34
OM 1.46 10.84 4.33 0.24 4.20 1268 1.95 6.54 4.25 0.22 2.28 1.88 1.89
N 404 5035 2335 0.23 2274 1275 1142 3474 2314 0.20 1431 1252 978
P 359 3688 1024 0.32 983 1219 474 1466 962 0.21 703 791 983
K 1.43 2.54 1.99 0.08 1.98 1236 1.68 2.32 2.00 0.06 1.91 1.82 1.35
Ca 0.61 3.77 0.98 0.43 0.92 1052 0.61 1.03 0.82 0.10 1.33 2.13 4.97
Mg 0.58 1.60 1.01 0.15 1.00 1160 0.78 1.18 0.98 0.08 0.97 1.01 1.53
Fe 1.93 5.47 3.48 0.14 3.44 1201 2.58 4.39 3.48 0.10 3.57 3.35 3.19
Mn 216 2944 493 0.29 478 1194 264 667 465 0.17 583 629 645
Mo 0.19 17.40 0.77 1.25 0.64 1094 0.26 0.86 0.56 0.22 0.48 0.55 60
B 26.3 145.0 57.0 0.15 56.0 1158 47.0 70.0 58.0 0.08 57 56 0.82
F 265 986 603 0.16 595 1249 403 799 599 0.14 573 546 660
Cl 37.4 1031 138 0.58 122 1180 37 227 118 0.37 100 209 -
As 3.29 17.50 7.81 0.22 7.62 1223 4.45 10.90 7.69 0.17 8.7 9.4 12.91
Cd 0.11 0.59 0.23 0.32 0.22 1173 0.12 0.30 0.21 0.18 0.133 0.151 0.21
Hg 0.037 0.440 0.095 0.39 0.089 1197 0.037 0.140 0.086 0.26 0.062 0.082 0.038
Sb 0.38 15.70 0.86 0.54 0.83 1180 0.46 1.14 0.80 0.17 0.83 0.96 -
Cu 11.3 354.0 31.0 0.38 30.0 1156 19.0 41.2 30.0 0.15 27 26 24
Pb 18.4 48.2 28.0 0.14 28.0 1233 20.0 35.6 28.0 0.11 25.9 26.8 23
Zn 55.2 368.0 97.0 0.23 95.0 1134 67.0 116.0 92.0 0.11 74 73 72
Cr 54.2 210.0 87.0 0.16 86.0 1217 66.0 106.0 86.0 0.09 81 76 66
Ni 16.5 445.0 37.0 0.39 36.0 1213 25.0 48.6 37.0 0.13 34.6 32.9 32
Co 6.21 21.20 14.00 0.15 14.00 1189 10.00 17.50 14.00 0.11 13.6 13.7 13
V 48.2 142.0 95.0 0.15 94.0 1272 62.0 128.0 95.0 0.14 92 88 -
CEC 86 333 199 0.20 195 1289 105 290 198 0.19 - - -
pH 4.46 8.47 6.54 0.13 6.49 1311 4.63 8.47 6.54 0.13 7.19 7.33 8.51
Table 1  里下河地区富硒土壤元素地球化学参数统计(N=1313)
Fig.2  里下河富硒区典型土壤沉积剖面Se等元素含量变化
指标 Se pH CEC OM N K Ca Mg Fe F Cd Cu Pb Zn Ni Co
Se 1.0**
Mo 0.34**
pH -0.35** 1.0**
CEC 0.66** -0.46** 1.0**
OM 0.74** -0.49** 0.62** 1.0**
N 0.73** -0.45** 0.59** 0.94** 1.0**
P 0.02* 0.00* -0.31** 0.21** 0.24**
K 0.55** -0.17** 0.65** 0.38** 0.41** 1.0**
Ca -0.23** 0.68** -0.45** -0.36** -0.33** -0.02** 1.0**
Mg 0.25** 0.37** 0.22** 0.04* 0.10** 0.71** 0.58** 1.0**
Fe 0.58** -0.18** 0.72** 0.40** 0.44** 0.93** -0.00* 0.74** 1.0**
Mn 0.08** 0.18** 0.06** -0.08** -0.05* 0.22** 0.26* 0.35** 0.35**
F 0.53** -0.23** 0.63** 0.41** 0.44** 0.79** -0.05* 0.59** 0.84** 1.0**
Cl 0.23** -0.18** 0.09** 0.39** 0.40** 0.06** -0.01* 0.02* 0.07** 0.15**
As 0.15** 0.08** 0.12** 0.06** 0.10** 0.38** 0.05* 0.36** 0.37** 0.26**
Cd 0.49** 0.12** 0.17** 0.39** 0.44** 0.45** 0.28* 0.55** 0.48** 0.39** 1.0**
Hg 0.05* -0.14** 0.01** 0.20** 0.19** -0.15** -0.17** -0.18** -0.10** -0.07** 0.06**
Sb 0.42** -0.11** 0.30** 0.29** 0.30** 0.33** -0.02* 0.28** 0.40** 0.39** 0.36**
Cu 0.57** -0.17** 0.60** 0.46** 0.46** 0.69** -0.02* 0.52** 0.75** 0.65** 0.46** 1.0**
Pb 0.57** -0.22** 0.41** 0.53** 0.54** 0.51** -0.05* 0.36** 0.55** 0.46** 0.55** 0.52** 1.0**
Zn 0.55** -0.11** 0.43** 0.45** 0.47** 0.56** 0.05* 0.49** 0.66** 0.53** 0.60** 0.59** 0.60** 1.0**
Cr 0.16** -0.03* 0.14** 0.08** 0.08** 0.11** 0.03* 0.11** 0.24** 0.15** 0.16** 0.19** 0.13** 0.52**
Ni 0.54** -0.18** 0.66** 0.41** 0.41** 0.76** -0.05* 0.56** 0.81** 0.68** 0.37** 0.95** 0.46** 0.57** 1.0**
Co 0.55** -0.14** 0.69** 0.35** 0.39** 0.92** 0.01* 0.74** 0.97** 0.82** 0.46** 0.72** 0.50** 0.60** 0.79** 1.0**
V 0.52** -0.05* 0.48** 0.36** 0.37** 0.66** 0.12* 0.64** 0.76** 0.58** 0.52** 0.59** 0.61** 0.64** 0.63** 0.72**
Table 2  里下河地区富硒土壤元素含量相关系数统计
Fig.3  里下河地区富硒土壤元素R型聚类分析结果
指标 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6
Se 0.506 0.621 0.251 -0.153 -0.238 -0.126
OM 0.142 0.871 0.208 -0.249 -0.113 0.009
pH -0.080 -0.214 -0.193 0.862 0.025 -0.002
CEC 0.414 0.758 0.149 -0.067 -0.091 -0.152
N 0.100 0.874 0.175 -0.205 -0.097 0.058
P -0.464 0.464 0.010 0.003 0.082 0.524
K 0.947 0.027 0.019 -0.150 -0.013 -0.003
Ca -0.355 -0.077 -0.152 0.774 -0.079 0.115
Mg 0.826 -0.061 -0.049 0.364 -0.025 0.105
Fe 0.960 0.048 0.154 -0.097 0.069 -0.025
Mn 0.389 -0.106 0.226 0.520 0.365 0.177
Mo 0.164 0.141 0.216 -0.166 0.094 0.541
B -0.150 -0.111 0.049 0.088 0.840 -0.064
F 0.575 0.129 0.003 -0.239 0.620 0.000
Cl -0.245 -0.136 -0.145 0.050 0.238 0.648
Cd 0.186 0.598 0.302 0.050 -0.026 0.424
As -0.058 -0.171 0.723 -0.213 -0.018 0.248
Hg -0.413 0.182 0.559 0.032 0.137 -0.185
Sb 0.267 0.143 0.685 -0.170 0.123 0.042
Cu 0.778 0.311 0.244 -0.071 -0.009 0.104
Pb 0.392 0.135 0.763 -0.163 -0.166 -0.049
Zn 0.354 0.298 0.380 -0.024 0.043 0.493
Cr 0.730 0.105 0.230 -0.048 0.100 -0.228
Ni 0.951 0.096 0.152 -0.096 -0.014 -0.094
Co 0.959 0.032 0.082 -0.078 0.092 -0.032
V 0.837 -0.016 0.259 -0.068 -0.157 -0.068
特征值 9.042 3.499 2.178 2.135 1.502 1.290
方差贡献率/% 34.775 13.459 8.377 8.213 5.776 4.960
累积方差贡献率/% 34.775 48.235 56.611 64.824 70.600 75.560
Table 3  里下河地区富硒土壤元素旋转成分矩阵
硒富集过程 主要控制因素 地球化学证据 富硒效果及其机制 成因类型
初始富硒(Se首次聚集) 相对封闭的第四纪潟湖相沉积环境和碱性偏还原的富含有机质的先天含Se沉积物 Se与铁族元素(Fe、Ni、Co、V等)之间呈现显著正相关性,主成分分析结果中Se载荷因子为正 通过有机质吸附等将第四纪沉积物携带的Se汇聚到潟湖相,但未达到富硒土壤标准 第四纪沉积成因,与先天富硒岩层无关,潟湖相是其最佳聚集部位,富硒土壤主要分布在30 cm以上深度, Se平均含量通常刚达标
成土富硒(Se二次聚集) 第四纪沉积成土期间不断聚集的有机质和沉积分选作用生成的细颗粒矿物(含胶体、黏土矿物等) Se与OM、CEC之间呈现显著正相关性,主成分分析结果中Se载荷因子为正且具有最大值 通过沉积分选和胶体吸附等将Se进一步汇聚到黏土矿物,部分达到富硒土壤标准
表生富硒(Se三次聚集) 成土后的生物活动及表土中相对更富集的有机质和相对酸化的土壤质地或环境 Se与OM呈最显著正相关性、与pH呈较显著负相关性,Se-OM-N为其最具代表性元素组合,主成分分析显示Se载荷因子为正 通过生物富集作用(含pH降低等)将黏土矿物中的Se进一步汇聚到地表,形成富硒土壤
伴随第四纪沉积的干扰作用 潟湖相之外的第四纪沉积物(如海相沉积物的混入) 富硒土壤中B、Cl、P等与所有元素相关性均不密切,主成分分析显示Se载荷因子为负 对富硒土壤生成无贡献,只会干扰富硒土壤的形成或质量
Table 4  里下河地区富硒土壤成因模式总结
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