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物探与化探  2022, Vol. 46 Issue (2): 502-510    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2022.2554
  生态地质调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
黔南荔波县水稻—根系土系统中硒含量影响因素分析
周文龙(), 杨志忠(), 张涛, 忙是材, 杨正坤
贵州省有色金属和核工业地质勘查局 地质矿产勘查院,贵州 贵阳 550005
An analysis of factors influencing the selenium content in the rice-root soil system in Libo County, southern Guizhou Province
ZHOU Wen-Long(), YANG Zhi-Zhong(), ZHANG Tao, MANG Shi-Cai, YANG Zheng-Kun
Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration, Non-Ferrous Metals and Nuclear Industry Geological Exploration Bureau of Guizhou, Guiyang 550005, China
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摘要 

硒是人体必需的微量元素之一,其对重金属元素毒性具有拮抗作用,通过食物链转化方式获得硒是人体最主要和最安全可行的途径。以荔波县大面积分布的天然优质富硒耕地为研究对象,采集分析了30组水稻籽实和配套根系土样品,据此评价稻米食用安全性,研究水稻—根系土系统硒含量关系,探究土壤理化条件对水稻硒吸收运移的影响,以期为研究区富硒农业发展提供科学依据。结果显示:研究区水稻根系土硒(SeS)含量大部分达富硒水平,平均值为0.41×10-6,稻米硒(SeR)平均值0.030 7×10-6,绿色安全稻米占70%;水稻根系土中SeS和Fe2O3、Al2O3、MgO、有机质呈现显著正相关关系,且与Cr、Cd等重金属元素呈伴生关系;水稻籽实SeR与根系土SeS呈显著正相关关系,而水稻籽实硒富集系数与根系土SeS、As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Al2O3、Fe2O3、有机质等呈显著负相关关系,说明土壤有机质及铁铝氧化物对硒的吸附和固定作用降低了水稻对硒的吸收利用率,硒与重金属元素在土壤—稻米系统中的吸收运移可能具有一定拮抗作用。研究区富硒耕地资源丰富,但稻米存在Cr、Cd轻度超标的风险,发展富硒农业时应关注重金属元素生态效应。
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周文龙
杨志忠
张涛
忙是材
杨正坤
关键词 ： 硒,  水稻,  根系土,  重金属,  富硒农业,  黔南荔波县    
Abstract：

Selenium (Se), one of the trace elements essential to human body, plays an antagonistic role toward the toxicity of heavy metals. The most important, safe, and feasible way for human body to take Se is to transform Se via food chain. This study collected and analyzed 30 groups of samples of rice seeds and corresponding root soil from the natural high-quality Se-rich farmland that is widely distributed in Libo County. Based on this, this study evaluated the edible safety of rice, studied the selenium content in the rice-root soil system, and investigated the influence of the physical and chemical conditions of soil on rice's absorption and transport of selenium, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the development of Se-rich agriculture in the study area. The results are as follows. Most root soil of rice in the study area is Se-rich, with an average Se content of 0.41×10-6. The rice in the study area has an average w(Se) of 0.030 7×10-6, and green and safe rice accounted for 70%. For the root soil of rice in the study area, there is a significant positive correlation between w(Se) and w(Fe2O3), w(Al2O3), w(MgO), and w(organic matter), and there is associated relationship between w(Se) and some heavy metals including Cr and Cd. There was a significant positive correlation between Se content of rice seeds and that of root soil. By contrast, there is a significant negative correlation between the Se enrichment coefficient of rice and the contents of Se, As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and organic matter in root soil. The results indicate that the absorption and fixation of Se by the organic matter and Fe-Al oxides in soil reduce rice's absorption and utilization rate of selenium. The negative correlation between Se enrichment coefficient of rice and the heavy metal contents of root soil suggests that Se may play a certain antagonistic role toward the absorption and transport of heavy metals in the soil-rice system. The study area is rich in Se-rich farmland resources, yet there is a risk that the contents of Cr and Cd in rice slightly exceeds relevant standards. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the ecological effects of heavy metal elements in the development of Se-rich agriculture in the study area.
Key words： selenium(Se)    rice    root soil    heavy metals    selenium-enriched agriculture    Libo County, southern Guizhou Province
收稿日期: 2020-12-02      修回日期: 2021-08-24      出版日期: 2022-04-20
ZTFLH:  P632  
基金资助:贵州省公益地勘基金项目(黔耕调2017-03);黔色耕调(2017-03-33);资助
通讯作者: 杨志忠
作者简介: 周文龙(1984-),男,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事矿产地质勘查、农业地质调查等技术研究工作。Email: E578064048@126.com
引用本文:   
周文龙, 杨志忠, 张涛, 忙是材, 杨正坤. 黔南荔波县水稻—根系土系统中硒含量影响因素分析[J]. 物探与化探, 2022, 46(2): 502-510.
ZHOU Wen-Long, YANG Zhi-Zhong, ZHANG Tao, MANG Shi-Cai, YANG Zheng-Kun. An analysis of factors influencing the selenium content in the rice-root soil system in Libo County, southern Guizhou Province. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2022, 46(2): 502-510.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2022.2554      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I2/502
Fig.1  研究区采样位置
指标 pH SeR SeS As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb
最大值 6.90 0.032 0.90 14.80 1.46 120.00 92.10 0.55 36.6. 55.50
最小值 4.58 0.0295 0.24 2.66 0.15 39.20 6.34 0.06 4.26 14.10
平均值 5.37 0.0307 0.41 6.58 0.50 74.90 20.90 0.14 19.39 24.05
变异系数/% 11.46 1.99 33.36 47.35 66.08 29.65 80.00 63.60 46.39 34.22
K值 与全国对比 0.80 0.97 1.41 0.58 0.15 1.25 0.93 1.98 0.72 1.05
与贵州对比 0.85 0.49 1.24 0.76 0.61 1.07 0.49 0.72
指标 Zn Mn 有机质 Fe2O3 Al2O3 SiO2 CaO MgO Na2O K2O
最大值 131.00 321.00 7.72 5.85 14.83 83.23 1.21 1.51 0.47 2.25
最小值 18.10 38.30 2.41 1.28 5.29 61.79 0.12 0.25 0.16 0.32
平均值 67.61 128.78 4.52 3.25 9.43 74.54 0.45 0.63 0.26 1.06
变异系数/% 43.61 63.65 27.35 42.73 30.59 8.91 57.08 59.10 32.05 54.85
K值 与全国对比 0.91 0.22 1.60 1.10 0.75 1.15 0.30 0.81 0.17 1.13
与贵州对比 0.65 0.18 1.47
Table 1  研究区水稻籽实SeR与根系土中SeS等指标统计(n=30)
Fig.2  水稻根系土硒含量直方分布
参数 AsR CdR CrR HgR PbR
最大值(CijMax) 0.332 0.780 1.700 — 0.125
最小值(CijMin) 0.152 0.016 0.450 — 0.036
平均值(CijAve) 0.225 0.093 0.923 — 0.067
食品安全标准限值(Lij) 0.5 0.2 1.0 0.02 0.2
超标数量 0 1 9 0 0
超标指数(Eij) 4.40 1.09~1.70
超标等级 重度超标 轻度超标
Table 2  水稻籽实中重金属元素含量特征及其超标情况(n=30)
指标 r 指标 r 指标 r
As 0.746** Pb 0.321 CaO 0.313
Cd 0.465** 有机质 0.373* MgO 0.474**
Cr 0.514** pH 0.167 K2O 0.462**
Cu 0.227 SiO2 -0.489** Na2O 0.107
Hg 0.577** Fe2O3 0.477**
Ni 0.526** Al2O3 0.424**
Table 3  水稻根系土硒与各理化指标相关系数(n=30)
指标 r 指标 r 指标 r
SeS 0.167* Ni -0.057 Al2O3 -0.374**
As 0.279 Pb -0.011 CaO -0.168
Cd 0.068 有机质 -0.503** MgO -0.261
Cr 0.099 pH -0.146 K2O -0.178
Cu -0.082 SiO2 0.334 Na2O 0.086
Hg -0.024 Fe2O3 -0.127
Table 4  水稻籽实硒与根系土理化指标相关系数(n=30)
Fig.3  水稻籽实硒富集系数KR与根系土Al2O3散点图(n=30)
Fig.4  水稻籽实硒富集系数KR与根系土Fe2O3散点图(n=30)
Fig.5  水稻籽实硒富集系数KR与根系土有机质散点图(n=30)
Fig.6  水稻籽实硒富集系数KR与根系土SeS散点图(n=30)
元素 r 元素 r 元素 r
As -0.699** Pb -0.216 CaO 0.320
Cd -0.412* SOM. -0.447* MgO -0.508**
Cr -0.546** pH -0.122 K2O -0.461*
Cu -0.241 SiO2 0.547** Na2O -0.154
Hg -0.526** Fe2O3 -0.541** SeR -0.903**
Ni -0.529** Al2O3 -0.479**
Table 5  水稻籽实硒富集系数(KR)与根系土理化指标相关系数(n=30)
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