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物探与化探  2022, Vol. 46 Issue (2): 490-501    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2022.1417
  生态地质调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
北京东南郊土壤重金属元素分布及其在表层土壤中的富集特征
张沁瑞1(), 李欢1(), 邓宇飞2, 黄勇1, 张博1, 许一波3
1.北京市地质勘察技术院,北京 100120
2.中化地质矿山总局地质研究院,北京 100101
3.河北经贸大学 公共管理学院,河北 石家庄 050062
Distribution of heavy metal elements in soil of the Southeastern suburbs of Beijing and their enrichment characteristics in surface soil
ZHANG Qin-Rui1(), LI Huan1(), DENG Yu-Fei2, HUANG Yong1, ZHANG Bo1, XU Yi-bo3
1. Beijing Institute of Geo-exploratin Technology,Beijing 100120,China
2. China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau Research Institude of Geological,Beijing 100101,China
3. School of Public Administration,Hebei University of Economics and Business,Shijiazhuang 050062,China
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摘要 

通过采集并分析北京东南郊地区表层(0~20 cm)和深层(160~200 cm)土壤样品的重金属元素,查明该地区土壤中元素分布特征,并通过建立半变异函数模型探讨重金属元素的空间自相关性,利用富集系数探讨元素在表层土壤中的富集特征,在此基础上划分出重金属元素显著富集区,并对富集原因进行了深入解释和分析。结果表明:研究区表层土壤Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn总体含量水平明显高于深层,差距在1.2~3.9倍不等;与北京地区和中国地区土壤重金属元素含量相比,研究区土壤中相对富集Cd、Hg。受成土母质来源差异性和人类活动等诸多因素的影响,表层土壤As、Cr空间自相关性较强,深层土壤Cr空间自相关性较弱,表层和深层其他元素空间自相关性中等。As、Ni、Cr在表层土壤中的富集程度较弱,而Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg富集程度较强,富集程度最强的是Hg。以富集系数作为参考依据,圈定出5处重金属元素的显著富集区域,清晰地反映了人类生活、农业种植、工业生产等均是造成重金属元素在表层土壤中富集的重要影响因素;因此,需要密切关注人类居住区、农业种植区、工业企业分布区的土壤元素分布状况,以防止土壤环境恶化和保障生态环境安全。
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张沁瑞
李欢
邓宇飞
黄勇
张博
许一波
关键词 ： 土壤,  重金属元素,  空间结构,  分布特征,  富集特征    
Abstract：

By collecting and analyzing the heavy metal elements insurface (0~20 cm) and deep (160~200 cm) soil samples in southeastern suburbs of Beijing, the distribution characteristics of elements in soil in this area were ascertained.The spatial autonomy of heavy metal elementswas explored by establishing a semivariogram model. The enrichment characteristics of elements in surface soil were discussed,as well as the correlation of the enrichment coefficient. On this basis of the research, the significant enrichment areas of heavy metal elements are divided, and the reasons for the enrichment are explained and analyzed in depth.The results show that:The content levels of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in surface soil of the study area are significantly higher than those in the deep layer, with a gap of 1.2 to 3.9 times. Compared with soil’s heavy metal content in Beijing and China,, the soils in the study area is relatively rich in Cd and Hg. As it was affected by many factors such as the source of soil-forming parent material and human activities, the spatial autocorrelation of As and Cr in surface soil is strong, and the spatial autocorrelation of Cr in the deep soil is weak. The spatial autocorrelation of other elements in the surface and deep layers is medium. As, Ni, and Cr in the surface soil are weakly enriched.But Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg are strongly enriched, and Hg is the most enriched. Based on the enrichment coefficient, five significant enrichment areas of heavy metal elements are delineated.The division of this area clearly reflects that human life, agricultural planting, and industrial production are important factors that cause the accumulation of heavy metal elements in surface soil.Therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention to the distribution of soil elements in human settlements, agricultural planting areas, and industrial enterprise distribution areas. The purpose is to prevent the deterioration of the soil environment and ensure the safety of the ecological environment.
Key words： soil    heavy metal elements    spatial structure    distribution properties    enrichment characteristics
收稿日期: 2021-07-29      修回日期: 2021-12-13      出版日期: 2022-04-20
ZTFLH:  P632  
基金资助:北京市财政项目“北京市土地质量生态地球化学监测网运行”(11000022T000000439575);“京西‘一线四矿’及周边区域生态地质专项调查与评价示范”(11000022T000000491145)
通讯作者: 李欢
作者简介: 张沁瑞(1980-),男,大学本科,从事水工环地质研究工作。Email: 18601040279@163.com
引用本文:   
张沁瑞, 李欢, 邓宇飞, 黄勇, 张博, 许一波. 北京东南郊土壤重金属元素分布及其在表层土壤中的富集特征[J]. 物探与化探, 2022, 46(2): 490-501.
ZHANG Qin-Rui, LI Huan, DENG Yu-Fei, HUANG Yong, ZHANG Bo, XU Yi-bo. Distribution of heavy metal elements in soil of the Southeastern suburbs of Beijing and their enrichment characteristics in surface soil. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2022, 46(2): 490-501.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2022.1417      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I2/490
Fig.1  研究区采样点位
分析指标 规范要求 检出限 分析方法
As
Hg		 1
0.005		 0.011
0.0004		 微波消解/原子荧光法(AFS)
Cd 0.03 0.017 电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)
Cr 5 0.0003 电感耦合等离子体光谱法(ICP-OES)
Cu 1 0.4889
Ni 2 0.0002
Pb 2 0.0008
Zn 4 0.0096
Al2O3 0.05 0.008 X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)
pH 0.10 0.03 pH计
Table 1  各项指标的分析方法及检出限
项目 As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn
表层 X/10-6 8.64 0.171 55.1 24.9 0.079 27.3 25.5 76.1
Xmin/10-6 3.89 0.070 37.6 12.6 0.011 17.8 17.7 37.3
Xmed/10-6 8.61 0.165 55.0 24.3 0.059 26.8 24.9 73.4
Xmax/10-6 20.7 0.611 81.8 122 1.54 46.3 70.4 288
S/10-6 2.20 0.058 6.20 9.30 0.126 4.40 5.50 23.1
Cv/% 25.5 33.4 11.2 36.4 134 16.0 21.4 30.3
深层 X/10-6 8.76 0.108 53.8 21.0 0.026 26.8 20.4 59.4
Xmin/10-6 1.82 0.040 15.9 4.50 0.005 8.30 13.4 20.2
Xmed/10-6 8.52 0.104 52.9 20.6 0.015 26.2 20.0 57.8
Xmax/10-6 28.6 0.550 128 39.9 0.882 47.7 46.8 107
S/10-6 3.97 0.049 12.1 7.60 0.064 7.80 4.20 17.6
Cv/% 45.4 44.6 22.4 36.1 244 29.0 20.7 29.6
北京市表层土壤/1 0 - 6 [ 45 ] 9.30 0.147 66.0 23.0 0.045 27.0 25.0 67.0
北京市深层土壤/1 0 - 6 [ 45 ] 9.70 0.096 67.0 23.0 0.023 29.0 23.0 64.0
中国表层土壤/1 0 - 6 [ 45 ] 8.50 0.140 58.0 23.0 0.066 25.0 24.0 69.0
中国深层土壤/1 0 - 6 [ 45 ] 8.40 0.095 58.0 20.0 0.017 26.0 20.0 62.0
Table 2  表层土壤、深层土壤重金属元素统计特征值
Fig.2  土壤重金属元素中位值对比
项目 拟合模型 块金值(C0) 基台值
(C0+C)		 变程(a)/
km		 回归系数
(R2)		 块基比
[C0/(C0+C)]		 残差
(RSS)
表层 As 指数模型 0.590 4.43 1.56 0.749 13.33% 0.512
Cd 指数模型 0.0366 0.0733 7.32 0.883 49.93% 1.21×10-4
Cr 指数模型 5.00 36.8 2.27 0.817 13.58% 52.1
Cu 指数模型 21.3 42.6 28.0 0.940 49.99% 10.1
Hg 指数模型 0.275 0.589 18.2 0.950 46.69% 2.92×10-3
Ni 指数模型 7.16 18.4 3.18 0.852 38.87% 8.8
Pb 指数模型 5.87 14.7 6.18 0.919 40.07% 4.9
Zn 指数模型 130 281 15.0 0.958 46.23% 655
深层 As 指数模型 0.119 0.239 4.79 0.957 49.79% 4.10×10-4
Cd 线性模型 0.105 0.143 23.8 0.868 73.53% 2.49×10-3
Cr 线性模型 0.0421 0.0511 23.8 0.831 82.37% 1.90×10-5
Cu 线性模型 0.127 0.193 23.8 0.934 65.87% 3.53×10-4
Hg 指数模型 0.122 0.325 39.2 0.948 37.55% 5.35×10-4
Ni 线性模型 0.0785 0.101 23.8 0.870 71.42% 1.69×10-4
Pb 指数模型 0.0207 0.0419 11.1 0.970 49.31% 1.04×10-5
Zn 线性模型 0.0671 0.111 23.8 0.965 60.29% 8.18×10-5
Table 3  土壤元素半变异函数理论模型及相关参数
项目 As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn
相关性 0.236* 0.095 0.243* 0.285* 0.745* 0.321* 0.385* 0.289*
Table 4  表层与深层土壤重金属元素之间的相关性
Fig.3  土壤重金属元素富集程度占比统计
Fig.4  土壤重金属元素富集系数空间分布
Fig.5  表层土壤重金属元素显著富集区域划分
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