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物探与化探  2024, Vol. 48 Issue (4): 1136-1145    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2024.1333
  生态地质调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
凤凰县土壤—农作物系统中Cd含量及迁移富集特征
肖凯琦(), 徐宏根(), 戴亮亮, 李毅, 李凯
中国地质调查局 长沙自然资源综合调查中心,湖南 长沙 410625
Cd in the soil-crop system in Fenghuang County: Content and migration and enrichment characteristics
XIAO Kai-Qi(), XU Hong-Gen(), DAI Liang-Liang, LI Yi, LI Kai
Changsha General Survey of Natural Resources Center, China Geological Survey, Changsha 410625, China
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摘要 

为了研究湘西州凤凰县土壤—农作物系统中重金属元素迁移富集特征,依托土地质量地球化学调查项目,系统采集了当地主要的120组农作物及根系土样品(50件猕猴桃,36件水稻,34件玉米),农作物样品测试As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn共7项指标,根系土样品测试pH值、Mn、Se、As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn和理化性质等共18项指标,分析研究区内土壤和农作物籽实重金属含量特征,采用多元线性回归、相关性分析等方法,开展Cd在土壤—农作物系统中迁移富集特征的研究。结果表明,研究区土壤以弱酸性为主,土壤中Cd含量高于湖南省背景值,Cr、Ni和Cu高值区主要分布于西南和东南部,Cd与pH呈西高东低的分布趋势。农作物籽实中重金属元素富集系数最高的元素为Cd、Zn和Cu,研究区土壤—农作物中Cd的迁移主要受土壤pH与质地影响,pH值越高,质地越细,Cd迁移能力越弱,此外其迁移能力一定程度上还受土壤中Mn、CaO和总碳含量影响。区域内猕猴桃重金属富集系数较低,适宜推广生产。
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肖凯琦
徐宏根
戴亮亮
李毅
李凯
关键词 ： 凤凰,  土壤,  农作物,  迁移,  影响因素    
Abstract：

To investigate the migration characteristics of heavy metals in the soil-crop system of Fenghuang County, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, this study systematically collected 120 groups of local staple crop and root-soil samples (50 for kiwi fruit, 36 for rice, and 34 for corn). Agricultural crop samples were tested for seven indicators, including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn. Root soil samples were tested for 18 indicators, including pH, Mn, Se, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, and physicochemical properties. The test results were used to analyze the heavy metal contents of soil and crop seeds in the study area. Furthermore, the migration and enrichment of Cd in the soil-crop system were examined through multiple linear regression and correlation analysis. The results are as follows: (1) The study area is dominated by weakly acidic soil, with Cd content higher than the background value in Hunan Province. The high-value zones of Cr, Ni, and Cu are primarily distributed in the southwestern and southeastern portions of the study area. The Cd and pH in the soil show higher values in the west and lower values in the east; (2) In crop seeds, the three heavy metals with the highest enrichment coefficients are Cd, Zn, and Cu. The migration of Cd in the soil-crop system of the study area is principally influenced by soil pH and texture. A higher pH value and finer texture correspond to weaker migration of Cd. Additionally, Cd migration is affected to some extent by the contents of Mn, CaO, and total organic carbon in the soil. The relatively low heavy metal enrichment coefficient of kiwi fruit in the study area makes kiwi fruit suitable for production promotion.
Key words： Fenghuang County    soil    crop    migration    influencing factor
收稿日期: 2023-07-26      修回日期: 2023-10-07      出版日期: 2024-08-20
ZTFLH:  X53  
  X825  
基金资助:中国地质调查局地质调查项目(ZD20220214)
通讯作者: 徐宏根(1979-),男,正高级工程师,主要从事生态修复和遥感地质领域相关工作。Email:honggen_xu@163.com
作者简介: 肖凯琦(1997-),男,工程师,主要从事环境地球化学和土地质量地球化学调查工作。Emall:xiaokaiqi@mail.cgs.gov.cn
引用本文:   
肖凯琦, 徐宏根, 戴亮亮, 李毅, 李凯. 凤凰县土壤—农作物系统中Cd含量及迁移富集特征[J]. 物探与化探, 2024, 48(4): 1136-1145.
XIAO Kai-Qi, XU Hong-Gen, DAI Liang-Liang, LI Yi, LI Kai. Cd in the soil-crop system in Fenghuang County: Content and migration and enrichment characteristics. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(4): 1136-1145.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2024.1333      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I4/1136
Fig.1  研究区点位分布及地质图
元素 分析方法
As 原子荧光光谱法
Cr 电感耦合等离子体质谱法
Cd 电感耦合等离子体质谱法
Cu 电感耦合等离子体质谱法
Hg 原子荧光光谱法
Pb 电感耦合等离子体质谱法
Zn 电感耦合等离子体质谱法
Table 1  农作物籽实指标分析方法
指标 分析方法 检出限
As 原子荧光光谱法 0.2
Cd 电感耦合等离子体质谱法 0.02
Cr X 射线荧光光谱法 1.5
Cu 电感耦合等离子体质谱法 0.1
Hg 原子荧光光谱法 0.0005
Mn 电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法 0.5
Ni 电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法 0.2
Pb 电感耦合等离子体质谱法 1
Se 原子荧光光谱法 0.01
Zn 电感耦合等离子体质谱法 1
SiO2 X 射线荧光光谱法 0.05
Al2O3 X 射线荧光光谱法 0.03
TFe2O3 X 射线荧光光谱法 0.02
MgO 电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法 0.02
CaO 电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法 0.02
Na2O 电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法 0.02
TC 容量法 0.02
pH 离子选择电极法分析 0.01
Table 2  根系土指标分析方法及检出限
指标 均值 最小值 中位数 最大值 变异系数/% 湖南省土壤背景值[16] 超筛选值/% 超管控值/%
As 9.53 3.16 9 27.9 35.17 15.70 0 0
Cd 0.27 0.088 0.27 0.65 36.51 0.13 35 0
Cr 63.34 45 63.85 85.9 11.24 71.40 0 0
Cu 26.23 12.3 24.9 54.6 26.02 27.30 0.8 —
Hg 0.11 0.052 0.10 0.27 34.79 0.12 0 0
Ni 28.12 18.4 27.75 43.8 16.80 31.90 0 —
Pb 31.97 23.5 31.9 68.6 15.11 29.70 0 0
Zn 79.92 45.1 78.1 188 20.75 94.40 0 —
pH 5.85 3.98 5.61 8.16 20.43 — — —
Table 3  研究区土壤重金属元素参数统计(n=120)
Fig.2  研究区根系土壤重金属空间分布
元素 Mn SiO2 Al2O3 TFe2O3 MgO CaO Na2O TC pH
As 0.503** 0.144 0.180* 0.532** -0.109 -0.041 -0.468** -0.221* -0.132
Cd 0.127 -0.376** 0.067 0.185* 0.492** 0.419** 0.196* 0.569** 0.704**
Cr 0.412** -0.307** 0.155 0.762** 0.429** 0.158 -0.285** 0.146 0.181*
Cu -0.079 -0.470** 0.376** 0.370** 0.649** 0.236** 0.103 0.552** 0.423**
Hg 0.101 -0.167 -0.054 0.038 0.007 0.308** -0.059 0.350** 0.274**
Ni 0.189* -0.398** 0.497** 0.716** 0.598** -0.036 -0.055 0.162 0.12
Pb 0.098 0.096 0.117 0.246** -0.036 -0.232* -0.212* -0.043 0.184*
Zn 0.1 -0.425** 0.498** 0.531** 0.408** 0.033 0.016 0.190* 0.108
Table 4  研究区土壤重金属与理化性质相关系数
元素 作物 检出件数 均值 最小值 中位数 最大值 标准限值[27] 超标率/%
As 玉米 1 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.5 0
水稻 36 0.205 0.028 0.226 0.365 0.5 0
猕猴桃 50 0.002 0.0011 0.0016 0.002 — —
Cd 玉米 34 0.057 0.003 0.0185 0.27 0.1 29.41
水稻 36 0.102 0.004 0.023 0.56 0.2 16.67
猕猴桃 50 0.003 0.001 0.003 0.008 0.05 0
Cr 玉米 34 0.054 0.034 0.044 0.21 1 0
水稻 36 0.041 0.028 0.038 0.11 1 0
猕猴桃 50 0.010 0.007 0.01 0.015 — —
Cu 玉米 34 2.085 0.84 1.89 3.97 — —
水稻 36 2.667 0.56 2.555 4.96 — —
猕猴桃 50 0.843 0.35 0.84 1.58 — —
Pb 玉米 34 0.036 0.015 0.032 0.071 0.2 0
水稻 33 0.017 0.01 0.015 0.033 0.2 0
猕猴桃 50 0.016 0.002 0.007 0.16 0.1 4.00
Hg 玉米 0 — — — — 0.02 —
水稻 34 0.011 0.0031 0.00925 0.026 0.02 2.94
猕猴桃 6 0.00032 0.0003 0.00032 0.00036 — —
Zn 玉米 34 20.524 15.7 20.05 26 — —
水稻 36 17.433 14.6 17.25 20.8 — —
猕猴桃 50 0.608 0.26 0.585 0.93 — —
Table 5  研究区不同农作物重金属元素含量特征
Fig.3  研究区猕猴桃、水稻、玉米富集系数
富集系数 Mn Se SiO2 Al2O3 TFe2O3 MgO CaO Na2O TC pH
BCF猕猴桃 -0.253 -0.249 0.153 -0.038 -0.324* -0.361* -0.273 -0.009 -0.106 -0.363**
BCF水稻 -0.412* -0.303 0.535** 0.213 -0.06 -0.086 -0.413* 0.021 -0.341* -0.733**
BCF玉米 0.086 -0.005 0.137 -0.121 0.024 -0.454** -0.202 -0.099 -0.367* -0.551**
Table 6  研究区Cd富集系数与理化指标相关系数
Fig.4  土壤中Mn、CaO和TC与Cd富集系数散点图
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