Geochemical characteristics and source analysis of elements from dry and wet atmospheric deposition in the middle-high mountain and hilly region of Central Yunnan
XU Lei1,2(), LI Jun1,2(), QU Qiang1,2, WEN Fang-Ping1,2, ZHAO Meng-Sheng1,2, CHENG Yan-Xun1,2, Xu Jie1,2, WANG Hao-Yu1,2
1. Kunming Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Center of China Geological Survey, Kunming 650100, China 2. Technology Innovation Center for Natural Ecosystem Carbon Sink, Ministry of Natural Resources, Kunming 650100, China
Dry and wet atmospheric deposition is an essential input pathway for surface soil elements. To explore the geochemical characteristics and sources of elements from atmospheric deposition in the middle-high mountain and hilly region of Central Yunnan, this study investigated 35 dry and wet atmospheric deposition samples from three counties in Central Yunnan. The results show that nutrient elements exhibited high annual depositional fluxes, while heavy metal elements manifested low annual depositional fluxes, with their ranking as follows: TOC>Ca>K>I>F>Zn>B>Pb>Cr>Cu>As>Mo>Cd>Se>Ge>Hg. As revealed by the enrichment factors, principal components, and spatial distribution characteristics, Ca, Mo, B, As, and F originated primarily from soil dust; Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ge were mostly from anthropogenic sources, such as mining activities and coal dust; TOC, K, Se, and I came from both coal dust and soil dust, and Se was also affected by mining activities; and Hg stemmed from coal dust. Coal and copper-dominated polymetallic mineral resources spread extensively across the study area and are subjected to certain mining activities, which are intimately connected with the contents of heavy metals in the atmosphere. Therefore, targeted atmospheric monitoring should be conducted to ensure atmospheric quality and no pollution to soil.
徐磊, 李俊, 瞿镪, 文方平, 赵萌生, 程琰勋, 徐杰, 王浩宇. 滇中中高山丘陵区大气干湿沉降元素地球化学特征及来源解析[J]. 物探与化探, 2023, 47(6): 1602-1610.
XU Lei, LI Jun, QU Qiang, WEN Fang-Ping, ZHAO Meng-Sheng, CHENG Yan-Xun, Xu Jie, WANG Hao-Yu. Geochemical characteristics and source analysis of elements from dry and wet atmospheric deposition in the middle-high mountain and hilly region of Central Yunnan. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2023, 47(6): 1602-1610.
Yang Z P, Lu W X, Long Y Q. Atmospheric dry and wet deposition of heavy metals in Changchun City,China[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2009, 22(1):28-34.
Wang M M, Yuan M Y, Su D C. Characteristics and spatial-temporal variation of heavy metals in atmospheric dry and wet deposition of China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017, 37(11):4085-4096.
Yang Z F, Hou Q Y, Yu T, et al. An example of eco-geochemical assessment for agroecosystems:A study of Cd in Chengdu economic region[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2008, 15(5):23-35.
doi: 10.1016/S1872-5791(09)60002-6
Zhang G Z, Huang W, Pan Y P, et al. Dry deposition flux of atmospheric heavy metals and its source apportionment in a typical farmland of Hebei Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2019, 27(8):1245-1254.
Li L. Study on sample collection and extraction methods for analysis of heavy metals in atmospheric dry and wet sedimentation[J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology, 2017(8):101-104.
[6]
Yu G R, Jia Y L, He N P, et al. Stabilization of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in China over the past decade[J]. Nature Geoence, 2019, 129(6):424-429.
Chen H T, Wang X Y, Huang J Y, et al. Dry and wet atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus in small catchment around Miyun reservoir[J]. Research of Environmental Science, 2022, 35(6):1419-1431.
Ren J G, Jia H B, Jiao L L, et al. Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus formation in atmospheric deposition in Dianchi lake and their contributions to lake loading[J]. Environmental Science, 2019, 40(2):582-589.
[9]
Zhan X Y, Bo Y, Zhou F, et al. Evidence for the importance of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to eutrophic lake Dianchi,China[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2017, 51(12):6699-6708.
doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06135
[10]
Chen Z L, Huang T, Huang X H, et al. Characteristics,sources and environmental implications of atmospheric wet nitrogen and sulfur deposition in Yangtze river delta[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2019, C(219):116904.
Zhao X Q, Wang Z H, Wang C L, et al. Geochemical characteristics and pollution assessment of near-surface atmospheric dust in Jinan[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2016, 40(1):154-159.
Tang Q F, Yang Z F, Zhang B R, et al. A study of elements flux and sources from atmospheric bulk deposition in the Chengdu Economic Region[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2007, 14(3):213-222.
Yang X M, Zhong Y Q, Li G F, et al. Distribution characteristic and source apportionment of heavy metals in atmospheric dust in a typical industrial city-A case study of Jinan[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2022, 41(1):94-103.
Wang Z H. An analysis of the input flux and source of elements in dry and wet atmospheric deposition of southwest plain of Shandong:A case study of Juye County[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2020, 44(4):839-846.
Wang M S, Li H, Wang M Y, et al. Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment on dust heavy metals in China[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2015, 29(12):164-169.
Xu L, Huang J Z, Zhang Y, et al. Sources and influencing factors of soil heavy metals in the high mountain and hilly area of central Yunnan-Taking Wuding county as an example[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(1):82-92.
Chen X, Yang Z F, Chen Y L, et al. Selenium input flux in farmland soil of 9 counties in the middle east of Guangxi[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2020, 44(4):820-829.
[18]
毕木天. 关于富集因子及其应用问题[J]. 环境科学, 1984, 5(5):68-70.
[18]
Bi M T. On enrichment factors and their applications[J]. Environmental Science, 1984, 5(5):68-70.
Zhang X Z, Bao Z Y, Tang J H. Application of the enrichment factor in evaluating of heavy metals contamination in the environmental geochemistry[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2006, 25(1):65-72.
Zhang L Y, Liu Y, Qiao B Q, et al. Characteristics of atmospheric dry and wet deposition of trace metals in the hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China[J]. Environmental Science, 2016, 37(2):466-474.
Deng C Z, Sun G Y, Yang W, et al. Analysis of the deposition flux and source of heavy metal elements in atmospheric dustfall in Gannan County,Heilongjiang province[J]. Earth and Environment, 2012, 40(3):342-348.
[22]
Hernandez L, Probst A, Probst J L, et al. Heavy metal distribution in some French forest soils:Evidence for atmospheric contamination[J]. The Science of the Total Environment, 2003, 312(1-3):195-219.
doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00223-7
[23]
Zoller W H, Gladney E S, Duce R A. Atmospheric concentrations and sources of trace metals at the south pole[J]. Science, 1974, 183(4121):198-200.
pmid: 17777264
Li S M, Luan W L, Song Z F, et al. The distribution and source of atmospheric dustfall in the southern plain of Hebei Province[J]. Geology in China, 2010, 37(6):1769-1774.
Gu J W. A review on heavy metals in atmospheric suspended particles of china cities and its implication for future references[J]. Earth and Environment, 2019, 47(3):385-396.
[26]
Mikhailova E A, Schlautman M A, Post C J, et al. Potential contribution of combined atmospheric Ca2+ and Mg2+ wet deposition within the continental U.S.to soil inorganic carbon sequestration[J]. Pedosphere, 2013, 23(6):808-814.
doi: 10.1016/S1002-0160(13)60072-7
Dai J R, Zhu D C, Pang X G, et al. Geochemical characteristics and pollution sources identification of the near-surface atmosphere dust-fall in Jining City[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014, 34(1):40-48.
Huang J L, Chen Z M, Mo Z Y, et al. Characteristics of organic carbon and elemental carbon pollution in atmospheric PM10 and PM2.5 in Yulin City,Guangxi[J]. Environmental Science, 2018, 39(1):27-37.
[29]
张帆. 南昌市大气中有机碳、元素碳的干沉降的研究[D]. 南昌: 南昌大学, 2014.
[29]
Zhang F. Study on dry deposition of atmospheric organic carbon and elemental carbon in Nanchang[D]. Nanchang: Nanchang University, 2014.
[30]
Morselli L, Olivieri P, Brusori B, et al. Soluble and insolublefractions of heavy metals in wet and dry atmospheric deposi-tions in Bologna,Italy[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2003, 124:457-469.
pmid: 12758026
Zhang Z C, Xie Y Q, Zhang Z J, et al. Source apportionment and seasonal variation characteristics of atmospheric dustfall in Taiyuan by two receptor models[J]. China Environmental Science, 2022, 42(6):2577-2586.
[32]
Anju D K. Heavy metals levels and solid phase speciation in street dust s of Delhi,India[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2003, 123(1):95-105.
doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00337-8