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物探与化探  2019, Vol. 43 Issue (6): 1358-1366    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2019.0214
  生态环境调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
云南省镇雄县土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评估
周亚龙1,2, 郭志娟1,2, 王成文1,2, 陈杰3, 彭敏1,2, 成杭新1,2
1. 中国地质科学院 地球物理地球化学勘查研究所,河北 廊坊 065000
2. 中国地质科学院 地球表层碳—汞地球化学循环重点实验室,河北 廊坊 065000
3. 云南省地质调查院,云南 昆明 650216
Assessment of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risks of soils in Zhenxiong County,Yunnan Province
Ya-Long ZHOU1,2, Zhi-Juan GUO1,2, Cheng-Wen WANG1,2, Jie CHEN3, Min PENG1,2, Hang-Xin CHENG1,2
1. Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, CAGS, Langfang 065000, China
2. Key Laboratory of Geochemical Cycling of Carbon and Mercury in the Earth's Critical Zone,CAGS, Langfang 065000, China
3. Yunnan Institute of Geological Survey,Kunming 650216, China
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摘要 

为查明镇雄县调查区土壤重金属污染环境风险等级及空间分布特征,基于现行土壤环境质量评价和食品安全评价标准,开展土地质量地球化学调查;运用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合指数法和Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法开展土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评估。内梅罗综合评估结果表明:调查区土壤存在重金属污染,其土壤轻度污染、中度污染、重度污染比例分别为39.03%、16.62%和28.57%。但8种重金属中Cu、Hg、As、Ni、Pb、Cr、Zn潜在生态危害程度低,仅Cd存在较高等级的潜在生态风险,其潜在生态危害等级程度低、中、较高、高、严重的样品数比例分别为17.71%、39.21%、22.77%、12.31%和8.00%,潜在生态危害指数( E r i )均值为118.24。土壤Cd高潜在生态危害和较高潜在生态危害样点主要位于下二叠统地层单元中。同时,调查区45件农作物玉米籽实重金属评价结果显示,仅1件玉米籽实样品Cd含量超标,农作物玉米籽实与其对应的农作物根系土中的重金属Cd全量无明显的相关性。调查区土壤Cd高含量主要受地质背景影响,对调查区内玉米籽实影响较小,在强酸性土壤环境下,随土壤中可溶态Cd含量增加,导致农作物对Cd的吸收富集风险加大。

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周亚龙
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陈杰
彭敏
成杭新
关键词 ： 土壤污染,  重金属,  风险评价,  Hakanson指数,  地球化学特征    
Abstract：

Based on the current evaluation standards of soil environmental quality and food safety, the authors used the single factor index method, Nemero composite index method and Hakanson potential ecological hazard index method to carry out soil heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk assessment so as to find out the environmental risk level and spatial distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution in the study area. The results of Nemero composite index evaluation indicate that high pollution occurs in the study area, and the proportion of slight pollution , moderate pollution and high pollution is respectively 39.03%, 16.62% and 28.57%. However, the potential ecological risk of Cu, Hg, As, Ni, Pb, Cr, Zn is low in soil in eight heavy metals, while the level of risk of Cd is higher, and the proportion of the samples with low, medium, slight, high, seriously potential risk is 17.71%, 17.71%, 22.77%, 12.31% and 8.00%, with the average of potential ecological harm index ( E r i )being 118.24. The sites of high and higher potential ecological hazard of Cd in the soil are mainly located in the Lower Permian stratigraphic unit. Meanwhile, the heavy metal evaluation of 45 corn seeds shows that only one corn seed has excessive Cd content, and there is no obvious correlation between the content of Cd in corn seeds and the corresponding crop root soil. The high content of Cd seems mainly affected by geological background, but has no influence on corn seeds in the study area,and the risk of the absorption and enrichment of Cd by crops is higher with the increase of the soluble Cd content in a highly acidic soil environment.

Key words： soil pollution    heavy metal    risk evaluation    Hakanson index    geochemical characteristics
收稿日期: 2019-04-15      出版日期: 2019-11-28
:  P632  
基金资助:中国地质调查局地质调查项目联合资助(DD20160313);中国地质调查局地质调查项目联合资助(DD20189123)
作者简介: 周亚龙(1984-),男,高级工程师,资源勘查工程专业,主要从事地球化学勘查研究工作。Email:zhouyalong@igge.cn
引用本文:   
周亚龙, 郭志娟, 王成文, 陈杰, 彭敏, 成杭新. 云南省镇雄县土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评估[J]. 物探与化探, 2019, 43(6): 1358-1366.
Ya-Long ZHOU, Zhi-Juan GUO, Cheng-Wen WANG, Jie CHEN, Min PENG, Hang-Xin CHENG. Assessment of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risks of soils in Zhenxiong County,Yunnan Province. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2019, 43(6): 1358-1366.
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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2019.0214      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I6/1358
指标 一等 二等 三等 四等 五等
单因子污染指数 Pi≤1 1﹤Pi≤2 2﹤Pi≤3 3﹤Pi≤5 Pi>5
描述 清洁 轻微污染 轻度污染 中度污染 重度污染
内梅罗综合指数 P综≤0.7 0.7﹤P综≤1 1﹤P综≤2 2﹤P综≤3 P综>3
描述 清洁 尚清洁 轻度污染 中度污染 重度污染
潜在生态危害指数 RI﹤150 150≤RI﹤300 300≤RI﹤600 RI≥600
描述 低 中 较高 高
颜色
R:G:B 0:176:80 146:208:80 255:255:0 255:192:0 255:0:0
Table 1  土壤重金属环境质量等级划分及其表达
评价 指标 一等 二等 三等 四等 五等
单因子污染评价 Pi Pi≤1 1﹤Pi≤2 2﹤Pi≤3 3﹤Pi≤5 Pi>5
描述 清洁 轻微污染 轻度污染 中度污染 重度污染
As 98.46 1.49 0.04 0 0
Cd 8.97 31.12 22.68 15.34 21.89
Cr 78.42 21.14 0.44 0 0
Cu 69.76 16.22 7.43 6.37 0.22
Hg 99.91 0.04 0 0 0.04
Ni 81.67 17.67 0.44 0.18 0.04
Pb 95.25 3.34 0.70 0.44 0.26
Zn 93.58 5.45 0.62 0.31 0.04
内梅罗综合评价 P综 P综≤0.7 0.7﹤P综≤1 1﹤P综≤2 2﹤P综≤3 P综>3
描述 清洁 尚清洁 轻度污染 中度污染 重度污染
P综 4.92 10.86 39.03 16.62 28.57
潜在生态危害评价 RI RI﹤150 150≤RI﹤300 300≤RI﹤600 RI≥600
描述 低 中 较高 高
RI 72.75 16.40 9.63 1.23
Table 2  调查区土壤重金属元素地球化学等级评价样品数占比统计%
Fig.1  调查区土壤Cd单因子污染指数评价
Fig.2  调查区不同地质单元土壤重金属Cd含量箱线图
Fig.3  调查区土壤内梅罗综合指数评价
指标等级 一等 二等 三等 四等 五等 Eri特征值
危害程度 低 中 较高 高 严重 平均值 最大值 最小值 中位数
Eri指数 Eri<40 40≤Eri<80 80≤Eri<160 160≤Eri<320 Eri≥320
As 100.00 0 0 0 0 3.92 21.17 0.40 3.42
Cd 17.71 39.21 22.77 12.31 8.00 118.24 2515.00 5.90 70.30
Cr 100.00 0 0 0 0 1.55 5.69 0.51 1.35
Cu 100.00 0 0 0 0 5.37 27.80 0.74 3.51
Hg 99.91 0.09 0 0 0 4.79 227.79 0.49 4.16
Ni 100.00 0 0 0 0 3.27 37.17 0.33 2.60
Pb 100.00 0.09 0 0 0 3.09 401.91 0.49 2.60
Zn 100.00 0.04 0 0 0 0.74 250.63 0.12 0.56
Table 3  调查区土壤重金属元素单因子潜在生态危害指数样品数占比统计%
Fig.4  调查区土壤潜在生态危害指数评价
元素 植物籽实重金属含量/10-6 富集系数/% GB2762-2017
上限值/10-6		 超上限值
样品数
最大值 最小值 平均值 中位数 最大值 最小值 平均值 中位数
As 0.029 0.015 0.020 0.019 0.461 0.067 0.185 0.182 0.5 0
Cr 0.175 0.092 0.103 0.099 0.198 0.037 0.096 0.096 1 0
Cd 0.189 0.006 0.022 0.015 29.844 0.388 2.867 1.424 0.1 1
Cu 3.646 1.444 2.698 2.756 15.205 1.351 6.190 6.007
Hg 0.004 0.001 0.002 0.002 5.559 0.137 1.361 1.083 0.02 0
Ni 0.395 0.070 0.154 0.134 1.363 0.086 0.360 0.297 1 0
Pb 0.063 0.032 0.042 0.040 0.198 0.010 0.092 0.086 0.2 0
Zn 32.754 14.782 21.322 21.008 68.137 2.034 16.759 14.410
Table 4  调查区玉米籽实样品分析结果统计
Fig.5  调查区玉米籽实样品重金属Cd评价
相关性分析 As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn Se
Pearson相关 相关性 0.169 0.034 0.031 -0.014 -0.243 -0.097 0.1 0.445** 0.389**
显著性(双侧) 0.268 0.823 0.841 0.926 0.107 0.527 0.513 0.002 0.008
Spearman相关 相关系数 -0.008 0.137 0.062 -0.013 -0.107 -0.099 0.195 0.042 0.055
Sig.(双侧) 0.959 0.37 0.684 0.931 0.485 0.519 0.2 0.784 0.72
偏相关 相关性 0.168 0.022 0.044 -0.004 -0.236 -0.143 0.099 0.431 0.383
显著性(双侧) 0.275 0.885 0.776 0.978 0.123 0.355 0.522 0.004 0.01
Table 5  调查区农作物—根系土中土壤重金属元素相关性分析统计 (样品数N=45)
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