皖南伏岭岩体岩石成因及对铷富集的指示

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2024.1268

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摘要

皖南伏岭岩体位于江南隆起带东段,为一复式花岗岩体经多阶段演化形成,主体主要分为两种岩性:二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩。本文对皖南伏岭岩体进行了地质、岩相学、岩石地球化学特征研究,探讨了伏岭花岗岩体演化特征、成因类型、构造环境,试图阐明岩体对铷富集的指示意义。结果显示,伏岭岩体地球化学特征表现出较高的SiO₂、Na₂O、K₂O、Al₂O₃含量和w(K₂O)/w(Na₂O)比值,铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为0.95~1.08,平均值为0.99,属于高钾钙碱性准铝质—过铝质花岗岩;Li、Rb、Nd、Ta等微量元素含量较高,Sr、Ba含量明显偏低,这可能与长石的分离结晶作用有关;微量元素w(Nb)/w(Ta)比值范围5.71~10.94,平均值8.41,Mg^#范围0.02~0.31,平均值0.13,指示伏岭岩体可能主要来源于下地壳岩石的部分融熔,属于非造山伸展环境中的A型花岗岩;岩体中Rb含量随着岩浆演化程度的增加而升高,相对于二长花岗岩,演化程度高的钾长花岗岩具有更高的Rb含量,表明伏岭岩体Rb含量变化整体受控于岩浆演化过程。本次开展伏岭岩体的研究工作,对理解皖南燕山期成岩成矿作用具有一定的借鉴意义。

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关键词 ：花岗岩, 岩石成因, 地球化学, 铷, 伏岭岩体

Abstract：

The Fuling rock mass in southern Anhui Province, located in the eastern section of the Jiangnan uplift zone, is a complex granitic rock mass that has experienced multi-stage evolution. It primarily comprises two lithologies: Monzogranite and K-feldspar granite. By investigating the geological, petrographic, and petrogeochemical characteristics of the Fuling rock mass, this study delved into its evolutionary characteristics, genetic types, and tectonic environment, aiming to clarify its indication significance for rubidium enrichment. The results of this study are as follows: ① The geochemical characteristics of the Fuling rock mass demonstrate high SiO₂, Na₂O, K₂O, and Al₂O₃ contents, high w(K₂O)/w(Na₂O) ratios, and aluminum saturation indices (A/CNK) ranging from 0.95~1.08 (average: 0.99), suggesting high-K calc-alkaline quasi-aluminous to peraluminous granites; ② In terms of trace elements, the Fuling rock mass possesses high Li, Rb, Nd, and Ta contents and significantly low Sr and Ba contents, which may be associated with the fractional crystallization of feldspar; ③ The w(Nb)/w(Ta) ratios ranging from 5.71~10.94 (average: 8.41) and Mg^# values ranging from 0.02~0.31 (average: 0.13) indicate that the Fuling rock mass was primarily derived from the partial melting of lower crust rocks, suggesting A-type granites in a non-orogenic extensional environment; ④ The Rb content in the Fuling rock mass increases with the magmatic evolution degree. Compared to monzogranites, K-feldspar granites with a higher evolution degree display higher Rb content, implying that the Rb content in the Fuling rock mass is generally controlled by magmatic evolution. Overall, this study holds some reference significance for understanding the Yanshanian diagenesis and mineralization of southern Anhui Province.

Key words： granite petrolgenesis geochemistry rubidium Fuling rock mass

收稿日期: 2023-06-19 修回日期: 2023-10-09 出版日期: 2024-06-20

ZTFLH:

P632

基金资助:安徽省自然资源科技项目(2020-K-12)

作者简介: 张军(1991-),男,硕士,工程师,2019年毕业于中国地质大学(北京),主要从事地球化学及矿产勘查研究工作。Email:zhangjunmy302@163.com

引用本文:

张军, 陶耐, 齐尚星, 王志强, 笪昊翔. 皖南伏岭岩体岩石成因及对铷富集的指示[J]. 物探与化探, 2024, 48(3): 584-596.
ZHANG Jun, TAO Nai, QI Shang-Xing, WANG Zhi-Qiang, DA Hao-Xiang. Petrogenesis and rubidium enrichment indication of the Fuling rock mass in southern Anhui Province. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(3): 584-596.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2024.1268 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I3/584

Fig.1 伏岭岩体大地构造位置^[16](a)及地质简图^[8](b)

Fig.2 伏岭岩体手标本及显微镜下照片
a~d—二长花岗岩;e~h—钾长花岗岩。Qtz—石英;Kfs—钾长石;Pl—斜长石;Bt—黑云母

样号	FL67	FL112	FL66	FL19	FL47	FL111	FL61	FL115	FL70	FL71	FL72	FL77	FL12	FL14	FL54	FL56	FL74
花岗岩岩性	二长	二长	二长	二长	二长	二长	二长	二长	钾长	钾长	钾长	钾长	钾长	钾长	钾长	钾长	钾长
主量元素/%
SiO₂	73.32	73.31	71.06	73.66	73.99	72.36	72.43	72.99	74.80	74.83	75.51	74.61	76.74	75.81	74.05	74.54	74.39
Al₂O₃	12.43	12.55	12.64	13.55	12.48	12.75	11.95	12.71	11.64	11.65	12.13	12.44	12.38	12.57	12.47	12.69	11.68
^TFe₂O₃	1.79	1.55	2.05	2.04	1.36	1.72	1.64	1.76	1.11	1.10	1.05	0.97	0.81	0.86	0.88	0.96	1.14
^TFeO	1.61	1.40	1.84	1.84	1.22	1.55	1.48	1.58	1.00	0.99	0.94	0.87	0.73	0.77	0.79	0.86	1.03
K₂O	5.10	5.27	5.06	5.48	5.19	5.19	5.00	5.62	4.59	4.60	4.29	4.89	4.45	4.39	4.62	4.61	4.64
Na₂O	3.40	3.32	3.10	3.18	3.69	3.36	3.22	3.29	3.59	3.61	3.99	3.85	3.99	4.12	4.09	3.93	3.63
CaO	1.07	0.68	1.33	0.78	0.73	0.89	1.02	0.70	0.64	0.64	0.55	0.66	0.35	0.24	0.52	0.28	0.61
MgO	0.23	0.22	0.47	0.20	0.05	0.29	0.20	0.23	0.05	0.05	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.05
P₂O₅	0.05	0.04	0.08	0.05	0.02	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
TiO₂	0.18	0.13	0.27	0.21	0.08	0.18	0.17	0.19	0.05	0.05	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.06
MnO	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.06	0.07
烧失量	1.55	2.13	1.71	2.28	1.20	2.29	2.20	2.24	2.75	2.16	1.17	2.92	1.33	2.88	2.95	1.24	1.53
总量	100.77	100.62	97.81	101.47	100.04	99.12	99.38	99.82	99.30	98.76	98.81	100.49	100.17	100.98	99.70	98.35	97.81
Mg^#	0.20	0.22	0.31	0.16	0.07	0.25	0.19	0.21	0.08	0.08	0.04	0.08	0.07	0.04	0.04	0.02	0.08
A/NK	1.12	1.12	1.20	1.21	1.07	1.14	1.12	1.11	1.07	1.07	1.08	1.07	1.09	1.09	1.06	1.11	1.06
A/CNK	0.95	1.01	0.97	1.08	0.96	1.00	0.95	1.00	0.97	0.96	0.99	0.97	1.03	1.05	0.98	1.06	0.97
R1	2434	2429	2391	2439	2368	2365	2466	2330	2605	2597	2582	2434	2633	2538	2377	2467	2551
R2	370	330	414	359	325	360	353	336	299	299	298	317	282	273	301	279	297
样号	FL67	FL112	FL66	FL19	FL47	FL111	FL61	FL115	FL70	FL71	FL72	FL77	FL12	FL14	FL54	FL56	FL74
花岗岩岩性	二长	二长	二长	二长	二长	二长	二长	二长	钾长	钾长	钾长	钾长	钾长	钾长	钾长	钾长	钾长
微量元素/10^-6
Li	57.70	27.00	47.20	33.10	33.00	50.90	46.30	49.70	109.00	19.90	31.80	79.40	93.20	91.00	202.00	149.00	20.50
Be	2.80	4.22	2.87	1.73	1.63	3.14	3.54	3.27	4.80	5.01	6.54	3.06	2.68	1.59	1.56	0.94	11.40
Co	1.93	1.89	3.18	5.54	7.21	1.84	1.98	1.81	0.63	0.46	0.59	0.55	6.00	6.16	1.90	2.35	0.76
Ni	10.40	22.50	15.70	12.10	7.98	14.90	15.50	18.90	5.73	7.81	12.20	10.90	15.50	22.70	8.23	7.24	13.00
Rb	220.00	255.00	243.00	209.00	268.00	230.00	208.00	228.00	386.00	348.00	421.00	340.00	416.00	571.00	708.00	605.00	427.00
Sr	75.30	49.80	124.30	103.30	30.40	73.30	80.90	58.20	14.40	14.20	9.60	17.40	10.10	6.20	4.60	5.10	11.30
Zr	158.90	138.10	192.30	228.90	153.20	143.40	151.20	147.70	101.10	101.40	119.30	90.10	80.10	113.20	50.70	113.30	95.30
Nb	14.90	12.20	14.80	16.30	14.20	12.10	11.60	12.70	23.80	22.20	44.80	25.70	39.60	56.00	53.50	49.40	48.70
Sn	4.68	5.15	6.49	3.17	3.56	4.95	3.93	3.32	8.78	5.95	12.00	5.37	3.98	3.17	2.36	1.63	4.67
Ba	338.50	276.20	539.10	374.10	189.50	361.00	353.10	204.70	52.40	56.70	50.10	65.60	53.90	52.70	42.90	46.00	56.60
Ta	2.30	1.94	1.55	1.49	1.46	1.37	1.32	1.17	3.12	2.59	4.86	2.84	6.93	8.28	5.21	7.46	6.30
W	0.60	5.20	0.59	1.31	0.41	0.95	0.81	1.22	1.95	2.71	4.61	2.62	0.69	0.39	10.20	0.36	7.96
Th	21.80	28.30	26.60	7.36	8.52	19.10	18.90	21.10	32.40	37.80	41.20	19.90	13.40	8.17	4.91	4.66	40.20

Table 1 伏岭岩体岩石主量元素、微量元素分析结果及相关参数特征

Fig.3 伏岭岩体花岗岩w(SiO₂)-w(K₂O)图解(a)与TAS分类图解(b)
b中:1—橄榄辉长岩;2a—碱性辉长岩;2b—亚碱性辉长岩;3—辉长闪长岩;4—闪长岩;5—花岗闪长岩;6—花岗岩;7—硅英岩;8—二长辉长岩;9—二长闪长岩;10—二长岩;11—石英二长岩;12—正长岩;13—副长正长岩;14—副长石二长正长岩;15—副长石二长闪长岩;16—副长辉长岩;17—副长深成岩;18—霓方钠岩/磷霞岩/粗白榴岩。图a底图据文献[21];图b底图据文献[22]。

Fig.4 伏岭岩体A/CNK-A/NK(a)与w(K₂O)-w(Na₂O)(b)图解
图a底图据文献[23];图b底图据文献[24]。图例同图3

Fig.5 伏岭岩体主量元素哈克图解

Fig.6 伏岭岩体微量元素哈克图解

Fig.7 伏岭岩体构造环境判别图解
RRG—与裂谷有关的花岗岩类;CEUG—与大陆的造陆抬升有关的花岗岩类; POG—后造山花岗岩类;IAG—岛弧花岗岩类;CAG—大陆弧花岗岩类;CCG—大陆碰撞花岗岩类。图a底图据文献[39];图b、c底图据文献[23]。

Fig.8 伏岭岩体各阶段w(Rb)-w(K)/w(Rb)及w(Rb)-w(Rb)/w(Sr)协变图解

Fig.9 伏岭花岗岩基于瑞利分离结晶的微量元素模拟
由于Rb、Sr、Ba主要受控于主要矿物,此处分离相不考虑副矿物的影响,FC1分离矿物相组合:35%石英+40%斜长石+15%钾长石+5%黑云母;分离结晶演化趋势线以10%为间隔。各矿物的Rb、Sr、Ba 分配系数引自文献[50]。

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