The Baiguo lithium-bearing porcelain stone deposit in Jiangxi Province, China is located in the southern Jiuling uplift within the Jiuling rare metal metallogenic belt. This large altered granite-hosted lithium-bearing porcelain stone deposit was discovered by the Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration Brigade of Jiangxi Bureau of Geology using geochemical exploration methods and assessed using geological methods. The prospecting process in this study involved the following aspects: identifying the potential prospecting area through regional geochemical exploration, pinpointing the prospecting target based on the 1∶50,000 stream sediment survey, delineating the lithium anomaly range and morphology based on the 1∶10,000 soil survey, determining the cause of anomalies through follow-up geochemical surveys, defining the spatial distributions of ore bodies through trenching exploration and drilling engineering, and ascertaining the occurrence state and selectivity of lithium based on experimental tests. This prospecting process demonstrates the fast, direct, cost-effective, and efficient characteristics of geochemical exploration methods and their superiority and significance in mineral exploration. Notably, to achieve satisfactory prospecting results, the geochemical exploration for lithium should attach great importance to the geochemical enrichment patterns of lithium, the scientific interpretation of anomalies, and the close association with geological work.