高山峡谷区地球化学普查采样点协同优化布设与现场微调方法

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2025.0085

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摘要

水系沉积物测量因其简便高效、成本低廉且找矿效果显著,是区域地质调查中应用最广泛的方法,在西南水系发育区尤具潜力。样品采集的质量直接决定地球化学勘查数据的代表性和准确性。针对高山峡谷区采样点布设中存在的次级水系控制不足、高能区粗粒碎屑遗漏及人为污染干扰等问题,本研究以云南省会泽县翻身村地区1∶5万水系沉积物测量为例,创新性地提出“协同优化—现场微调法”的优化策略,通过整合双级动态网格(1 km×1 km基础网格+500 m加密网格)、河道走向动态偏移(50~100 m)及污染缓冲区(200 m)预设等关键技术并应用于野外工作中,结果表明:相较传统固定网格方法,三级支流覆盖率显著提高至72%,粗粒碎屑(>2 mm)捕获率达82%,人为伪异常发生率降至5%,综合成本增幅控制在12%。该方法有效提升了复杂地貌区采样数据的可靠性与异常圈定精度,为西南高山峡谷区地球化学勘查提供了优化方案。

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	曾亮
	杨明龙
	庞咏
	黄加忠
	白平雁
	王炳军

关键词 ：水系沉积物测量, 采样优化, 协同优化, 现场微调法

Abstract：

Stream sediment survey is the most widely applied method in regional geological surveys due to its simplicity, efficiency, low cost, and proven effectiveness in mineral exploration. This method shows promising application potential in Southwest China, characterized by well-developed hydrographic nets. Sampling quality directly determines the representativeness and accuracy of geochemical exploration data. However, sampling point arrangements in alpine gorge areas remain challenged by insufficient coverage of lower-order streams, omission of coarse-grained clastics in high-energy zones, and interference from human-induced contamination. To address these challenges, this study innovatively proposed an optimization strategy combining synergistic optimization and the on-site fine-tuning method for the 1∶50 000 stream sediment survey in the Fanshen Village area, Huize County, Yunnan Province. This strategy integrates critical technologies, including two-level dynamic grids (a 1 km×1 km basic grid and a 500 m infill grid), dynamic channel alignment offset (50 m to 100 m), and pre-set contamination buffer zones (200 m), for fieldwork. The results indicate that compared to traditional fixed-grid methods, the optimization strategy achieved a significantly increased coverage rate of 72% for tertiary tributaries, a capture rate of 82 % for coarse-grained clastics (>2 mm), and a reduced occurrence rate of 5% for human-induced pseudo-anomalies, with the overall cost increase controlled within 12%. Overall, the optimization strategy can effectively enhance the reliability of sampling data and the accuracy of anomaly delineation in complex topographic areas, providing an optimized solution for geochemical surveys in alpine gorge areas, Southwest China.

Key words： stream sediment survey sampling optimization synergistic optimization on-site fine-tuning method

收稿日期: 2025-03-18 修回日期: 2025-06-06 出版日期: 2025-12-20

ZTFLH:

P632

基金资助:中国地质调查局项目“云南乌蒙山苞谷脑、翻身村、迤车讯3幅1∶5万矿产地质调查”(DD20240207104)

通讯作者: 杨明龙

引用本文:

曾亮, 杨明龙, 庞咏, 黄加忠, 白平雁, 王炳军. 高山峡谷区地球化学普查采样点协同优化布设与现场微调方法[J]. 物探与化探, 2025, 49(6): 1343-1352.
ZENG Liang, YANG Ming-Long, PANG Yong, HUANG Jia-Zhong, BAI Ping-Yan, WANG Bing-Jun. Synergistic optimization and on-site fine-tuning methods for sampling point arrangement for geochemical survey in an alpine gorge area, Southwest China. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(6): 1343-1352.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.0085 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I6/1343

Fig.1 翻身村地区地质简图
1—全新统;2—小龙潭组;3—自流井组;4—嘉陵江组;5—飞仙关组;6—宣威组;7—峨眉山玄武岩组;8—茅口组;9—梁山组;10—万寿山组;11—在结山组;12—红石崖组;13—娄山关组;14—龙王庙组;15—梅树村组;16—灯影组;17—实测不整合界限;18—主干断层;19—实测性质不明断层;20—磷矿点;21—铜矿点;22—铅锌矿化点;23—铝土矿化点;24—无烟煤矿化点;25—赤铁矿化点;26—重晶石矿化点;27—稀土矿化点;28—方解石矿化点;29—玛瑙矿化点;30—地名

Fig.2 翻身村地区水系分布
1—村庄;2—水系线;3—F异常下限(1000×10^-6)圈定范围;4—Ba异常下限(600×10^-6)圈定范围;5—Cd异常下限(1×10^-6)圈定范围;6—Pb异常下限(60×10^-6)圈定范围;7—Ag异常下限(0.12×10^-6)圈定范围;8—Zn异常下限(200×10^-6)圈定范围;9—Mo异常下限(3×10^-6)圈定范围;10—Sb异常下限(2×10^-6)圈定范围;11—高程线

Table 1 土壤地球化学测量参考测网

Fig.3 陡坡区采样偏移理论模型示意
注:依据斯特拉勒A.N.《自然地理学原理》,S>15%、α>35°为高能搬运区,偏移≤100 m可保障介质代表性(RD<20%)

Table 2 陡坡区采样偏移决策准则

Fig.4 方法体系技术流程

Fig.5 研究区典型地貌单元规范样点布设

Fig. 6 研究区典型地貌单元传统方法(a)与“协同优化—现场微调法”(b)样点布设对比
注:元素异常下限圈定范围图例同图21—不同采样介质区范围;2—加密区范围;3—放稀区范围;4—重复样大格;5—重复样大格号;6—小格号注释;7—采样点;8—大格号;9—水系线;10—高程线

Table 3 典型地貌单元方法适配策略

Table 4 关键指标对比

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