面向盐下构造的染色逆时偏移成像

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2024.1286

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摘要

逆时偏移技术能够精准模拟地震波在地下介质中的传播过程并对地下构造成像,但在弱照明区域,地震波会发生反射、折射、散射等现象,导致逆时偏移成像结果中部分区域信噪比降低。染色算法通过将波动方程推广到复数域,实现针对已知地质体的追踪和成像。在染色算法中,需要输入常规的实部速度场和一个虚部速度场。常规染色算法需要已知真实的地下结构,这不符合实际情况,本文提出区域染色,促进染色算法的实用化发展。本文聚焦盐下成像,提出面向盐下构造的基于染色算法的逆时偏移成像方法。通过盐丘模型证明该方法可以显著提高自选目标区域的成像信噪比与分辨率。

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	赵国勇
	张剑
	刘畅
	任一
	邢伯申
	李自正
	曲英铭

关键词 ：提高照明度, 染色算法, 逆时偏移, 盐下成像

Abstract：

The reverse time migration (RTM) technique can accurately simulate the propagation of seismic waves in subsurface media and image subsurface structures.However,seismic waves can be reflected,refracted,or scattered in weakly illuminated areas,leading to locally reduced signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in RTM imaging results.The staining algorithm can achieve the tracking and imaging of known geobodies by generalizing the wave equation to the complex domain.It requires a conventional real velocity and an imaginary velocity field as inputs.A conventional staining algorithm requires known real subsurface structures,which is impractical in this study.Hence,this study put forward regional staining to promote the practical development of the staining algorithm.Focusing on subsalt imaging,this study proposed a staining algorithm-based RTM imaging method for subsalt structures.The salt dome model demonstrated that the method proposed in this study can significantly improve the imaging SNRs and resolution of self-selected target regions.

Key words： illumination improvement staining algorithm reverse time migration pre-salt imaging

收稿日期: 2023-07-20 修回日期: 2024-03-28 出版日期: 2024-08-20

ZTFLH:

P631.4

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(42174138);国家自然科学基金项目(42074133);中国石化科技项目(P23176);中国石化科技项目(P22165)

通讯作者: 曲英铭(1990-),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事地震波传播、成像与反演等方面的研究工作。Email:quyingming@upc.edu.cn

作者简介: 赵国勇(1980-),男,高级工程师,主要从事地震资料采集技术研究工作。Email:27372791@qq.com

引用本文:

赵国勇, 张剑, 刘畅, 任一, 邢伯申, 李自正, 曲英铭. 面向盐下构造的染色逆时偏移成像[J]. 物探与化探, 2024, 48(4): 1086-1093.
ZHAO Guo-Yong, ZHANG Jian, LIU Chang, REN Yi, XING Bo-Shen, LI Zi-Zheng, QU Ying-Ming. Staining algorithm-based reverse time migration imaging for pre-salt structures. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(4): 1086-1093.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2024.1286 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I4/1086

Fig.1 逆时偏移成像原理

Fig.2 盐丘速度模型

Fig.3 盐丘速度模型波场快照
a—1 200 ms时刻的波场快照;b—1 400 ms时刻的波场快照

Fig.4 盐丘速度模型炮记录
a—含直达波炮记录;b—不含直达波炮记录

Fig.5 盐丘速度模型逆时偏移成像结果

Fig.6 染色算法逆时偏移流程

Fig.7 盐丘虚部速度

Fig.8 盐丘虚部波场快照
a—1 200 ms时刻的波场快照;b—1 400 ms时刻的波场快照

Fig.9 盐丘虚部炮记录

Fig.10 盐丘染色逆时偏移成像结果

Fig.11 图5与图10局部放大对比
a—图5局部放大; b—图10局部放大

Fig.12 盐丘模型照明度

Fig.13 盐丘模型
a—增大染色范围后的盐丘虚部速度;b—增大染色范围后的盐丘染色逆时偏移成像结果

Fig.14 随机误差分析
a—引入±5%的随机误差的偏移速度场;b—引入随机误差后的速度场与真实速度场的差异;c—基于随机误差偏移速度场的常规逆时偏移成像结果;d—基于随机误差偏移速度场的染色逆时偏移成像结果

Fig.15 异常体分析
a—含薄层的盐丘模型;b—含薄层的盐丘模型的常规逆时偏移;c—精准染色的虚部速度场;d—基于精准染色的逆时偏移结果

Fig.16 约束区域染色成像
a—区域染色的虚部速度场;b—基于区域染色的逆时偏移结果;c—基于约束区域染色的逆时偏移结果;d—限时吸收边界条件逆时偏移结果

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