速度误差和地震噪声对最小二乘逆时偏移的影响分析

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2020.1295

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章
Metrics

全文: PDF(9684 KB) HTML
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要

随着勘探开发目标的日益精细化和复杂化,基于反演理论的最小二乘逆时偏移逐渐成为目前的发展趋势。为了使最小二乘逆时偏移更好地为油气藏的勘探开发服务,分析其不同条件下的成像效果,有助于在实际资料处理过程中指导处理人员做出适当的调整。为此,针对实际勘探过程中出现的偏移速度误差以及地震资料中存在噪声的情况,对比了最小二乘逆时偏移在不同条件下的成像效果。结果表明:在偏移速度存在系统误差的情况下,界面成像深度会出现误差,成像剖面难以反映实际构造形态;平滑后的偏移速度误差对最小二乘逆时偏移影响远小于偏移速度的系统误差,适当平滑可改善成像质量,但是过分平滑会影响成像质量;最小二乘逆时偏移能够压制部分噪声,但随着地震记录中噪声增强,弱反射逐渐被淹没,难以反映地下构造形态。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	马振
	孙成禹
	彭鹏鹏
	姚振岸

关键词 ：最小二乘逆时偏移, 速度误差, 信噪比, 速度平滑, 叠前深度偏移, 成像误差

Abstract：

With the increasingly refined and complicated exploration and development goals,the least-squares inverse-time migration based on inversion theory has gradually become the current development trend.In order to make the least-squares reverse-time migration better for the exploration and development of oil and gas reservoirs,analyzing the imaging effects under different conditions helps to guide the processors to make appropriate adjustments in the actual data processing.For this reason,in view of the migration velocity error and the noise in seismic data in the actual exploration process,the authors made a comparative study of the imaging effects of least-squares reverse-time migration under different conditions.The results show that,in the case of systematic errors in migration velocity,the imaging depth of interface will have errors,and it is difficult for the imaging profile to reflect the actual structure;the influence of smoothed migration velocity errors on least-squares reverse-time migration is much smaller than the systematic error of migration velocity,and proper smoothing can improve the imaging quality,but excessive smoothing can affect the imaging quality;the least-squares reverse-time migration can suppress part of the noise;nevertheless,as the noise in the seismic record increases,the weak reflection gradually cannot be resolved,and it is difficult to reflect the underground structure.

Key words： least-squares reverse-time migration velocity error signal-to-noise ratio velocity smoothing prestack depth migration imaging error

收稿日期: 2019-05-27 出版日期: 2020-04-22

P631.4

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(41874153);国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05006-002-003)

作者简介: 马振(1994-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事深度域偏移成像方面的研究工作。Email: mazhen0214@foxmail.com

引用本文:

马振, 孙成禹, 彭鹏鹏, 姚振岸. 速度误差和地震噪声对最小二乘逆时偏移的影响分析[J]. 物探与化探, 2020, 44(2): 329-338.
Zhen MA, Cheng-Yu SUN, Peng-Peng PENG, Zhen-An YAO. An analysis of the influence of velocity error and seismic noise on least squares reverse-time migration. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2020, 44(2): 329-338.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2020.1295 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I2/329

Fig.1 Marmousi模型

Fig.2 精确偏移速度成像结果
a—逆时偏移;b—最小二乘逆时偏移

Fig.3 不同系统误差偏移速度的最小二乘逆时偏移成像结果
a—偏移速度减小5%;b—偏移速度增加5%

Fig.4 不同系统误差偏移速度的逆时偏移成像结果
a—偏移速度减小5%;b—偏移速度增加5%

Fig.5 不同偏移速度误差下归一化数据残差收敛曲线对比

Fig.6 不同平滑程度的Marmousi模型
a—真实速度(e=0%);b—偏移速度模型1(e=2.7%);c—偏移速度模型2(e=5.24%);d—偏移速度模型3(e=7.28%)

Fig.7 不同平滑程度的偏移速度最小二乘逆时偏移成像结果
a—速度未做平滑;b—e=2.7%的平滑速度;c—e=5.24%的平滑速度;d—e=7.28%的平滑速度

Fig.8 不同平滑程度的偏移速度逆时偏移成像结果
a—速度未做平滑;b—e=2.7%的平滑速度;c—e=5.24%的平滑速度;d—e=7.28%的平滑速度

Fig.9 不同平滑程度偏移速度下归一化数据残差收敛曲线对比

Fig.10 加入不同程度噪声的地震记录
a—原始地震记录;b—n_s=5的地震记录;c—n_s=1的地震记录

Fig.11 不同含噪地震记录最小二乘逆时偏移成像结果

Fig.12 不同含噪地震记录逆时偏移成像结果

[1]	Lebras R . An iterative inversion of back-scattered acoustic waves[J]. Geophysics, 1988,53(4):501-508.
[2]	Lambaré G, Virieux J, Madariaga R , et al. Iterative asymptotic inversion in the acoustic approximation[J]. Geophysics, 1992,57(9):1138-1154.
[3]	Nemeth T, Wu C, Schuster G T . Least-squares migration of incomplete reflection data[J]. Geophysics, 1999,64(1):208-221.
[4]	Yoon K. Challenges in reverse-time migration [C]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 1999.
[5]	Zhang Y, Sun J. Practical issues of reverse time migration:true amplitude gathers,noise removal and harmonic-source encoding [C]//ASEG Extended Abstracts, 2009.
[6]	杨勤勇, 段心标 . 逆时偏移技术发展现状与趋势[J]. 石油物探, 2010,49(1):92-98.
[6]	Yang Q Y, Duan X B . Development status and trend of reverse time migration[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2010,49(1):92-98.
[7]	郭旭, 黄建平, 李振春 , 等. 基于行波分离的VTI介质逆时偏移[J]. 物探与化探, 2019,43(1).
[7]	Guo X, Huang J P, Li Z C , et al. Reverse time migration in VTI media based on wavefield decomposition[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2019,43(1).
[8]	Dai W, Wang X, Schuster G T . Least-squares migration of multisource data with a deblurring filter[J]. Geophysics, 2015,76(5):R135-R146.
[9]	黄建平, 李闯, 李庆洋 , 等. 一种基于平面波静态编码的最小二乘逆时偏移方法[J]. 地球物理学报, 2015,58(6):2046-2056.
[9]	Huang J P, Li C, Li Q Y , et al. Least-squares reverse time migration with static plane-wave encoding[J]. Chinese J. Geophys., 2015,58(6):2046-2056.
[10]	邓文志, 李振春, 王延光 , 等. 基于稳定逆时传播算子的黏声介质最小二乘逆时偏移[J]. 物探与化探, 2015,39(4):791-796.
[10]	Deng W Z, Li Z C, Wang Y G , et al. The least-squares reverse time migration for visco-acoustic medium based on a stable reverse-time propagator[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2015,39(4):791-796.
[11]	Yoon K. Challenges in reverse-time migration [C]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 1999.
[12]	王连坤, 方伍宝, 段心标 , 等. 基于互相关误差泛函的最小二乘逆时偏移方法[J]. 物探与化探, 2016,40(5):980-985.
[12]	Wang L K, Fang W B, Duan X B , et al. A cross-correlation objective function for least-squares reverse migration[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2016,40(5):980-985.
[13]	彭鹏鹏, 孙成禹, 马振 , 等. 近地表散射体波场特征分析及成像[J]. 物探与化探, 2018,42(5):137-145.
[13]	Peng P P, Sun C Y, Ma Z , et al. Wave field analysis and imaging of near-surface scatterings[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2018,42(5):990-998.
[14]	Versteeg, Jan R . Sensitivity of prestack depth migration to the velocity model[J]. Geophysics, 1993,58(6):873-882.
[15]	Lines L . Ambiguity in analysis of velocity and depth[J]. Geophysics, 1993,58(4):596-597.
[16]	Grubb H, Tura A, Hanitzsch C . Estimating and interpreting velocity uncertainty in migrated images and AVO attributes[J]. Geophysics, 2001,66(4):1208-1216.
[17]	叶月明, 庄锡进, 胡冰 , 等. 典型叠前深度偏移方法的速度敏感性分析[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2012,47(4):552-558.
[17]	Ye Y M, Zhuang X J, Hu B , et al. Velocity sensitivity analysis of typical pre-stack depth migration methods[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2012,47(4):552-558.
[18]	Zhu J, Lines L, Gray S . Smiles and frowns in migration/velocity analysis[J]. Geophysics, 1998,63(4):1200-1209.
[19]	Parkes G E, Hatton L. Toward a systematic understanding of the effects of velocity model errors on depth and time migration of seismic data [C]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 1949,3(1):348.
[20]	熊晓军, 贺振华, 文晓涛 , 等. 偏移速度误差引起的假象分析[J]. 西南石油大学学报, 2007,29(6):24-26.
[20]	Xiong X J, He Z H, Wen X T , et al. Analysis of pseudo phenomena caused bu migration velocity error[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University, 2007,29(6):24-26.
[21]	Shan G, Zhang L, Wang Y, et al. Velocity sensitivity of reverse-time migration [C]//2008 SEG Annual Meeting,Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2008.
[22]	勾丽敏, 蔡希玲, 刘学伟 , 等. 噪声对叠前深度偏移层速度精度的影响分析[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2007,42(2):156-163.
[22]	Gou L M, Cai X L, Liu X W , et al. Influence of thin-layers interference on precision of stack velocity analysis[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2007,42(2):156-163.
[23]	邹少峰, 朱海波, 宋林 , 等. 基于模型数据的噪声能量对叠加、偏移结果的影响分析[J].科学技术与工程, 2016(1):24-35.
[23]	Zou S F, Zhu H B, Song L , et al. The impact analysis of noise energy to the stack and migration based on the mode data[J].Science Technology and Engineering, 2016(1):24-35.
[24]	Pon S, Lines L R . Sensitivity analysis of seismic depth migrations[J]. Geophysics, 2005,70(2):S39-S42.

[1]	段莹, 张高成, 谭雅丽. 泌阳凹陷高陡构造带地震成像[J]. 物探与化探, 2021, 45(4): 981-989.
[2]	邱庆良, 曹乃文, 白烨. 可控震源激发参数优选及应用效果[J]. 物探与化探, 2021, 45(3): 686-691.
[3]	张斯薇, 吴荣新, 韩子傲, 吴海波. 双边滤波在探地雷达数据去噪处理中的应用[J]. 物探与化探, 2021, 45(2): 496-501.
[4]	徐蔚亚. 关于浮动基准面与起伏地表面的讨论[J]. 物探与化探, 2021, 45(1): 95-101.
[5]	周锦钟, 张金海, 牛全兵, 张惠瑜, 王海峰, 朱波, 李丽, 尹思, 王娜. 柴达木盆地尖顶山地区低频可控震源“两宽一高”地震资料处理关键技术应用研究[J]. 物探与化探, 2020, 44(2): 313-320.
[6]	时伟, 林春华, 王维红, 高云路. 双约束变换时窗统计能量比地震波初至拾取方法[J]. 物探与化探, 2019, 43(5): 1064-1073.
[7]	李金丽, 曲英铭, 刘建勋, 李振春, 王凯, 于博. 三维黏声最小二乘逆时偏移方法模型研究[J]. 物探与化探, 2018, 42(5): 1013-1025.
[8]	王海立, 陈炳超, 王婷婷, 于宝华, 张树刚, 马立新. 西部高原咸化地表静校正方法应用[J]. 物探与化探, 2018, 42(5): 1064-1068.
[9]	彭海龙, 赫建伟, 任婷, 邓盾, 江凡, 王瑞敏, 张文祥. 基于地质构造约束的3D速度建模方法在琼东南盆地深水复杂断块区域成像中的应用[J]. 物探与化探, 2018, 42(3): 537-544.
[10]	王海立, 王永生, 王彪, 马立新, 张先建. 基于强波阻抗反射界面的静校正方法及应用[J]. 物探与化探, 2018, 42(2): 347-351.
[11]	李金丽, 曲英铭, 刘建勋, 岳航羽, 李培, 陈德元. 天然气水合物储层弹性波最小二乘逆时偏移研究[J]. 物探与化探, 2017, 41(6): 1050-1059.
[12]	薛花, 杜民, 文鹏飞, 张宝金, 张如伟. 网格层析速度反演方法在准三维西沙水合物中的应用[J]. 物探与化探, 2017, 41(5): 846-851.
[13]	郭奇, 曾昭发, 于晨霞, 张思萌. 基于高精度字典学习算法的地震随机噪声压制[J]. 物探与化探, 2017, 41(5): 907-913.
[14]	刁瑞, 吴国忱, 尚新民, 芮拥军, 崔庆辉. 地面阵列式微地震数据盲源分离去噪方法[J]. 物探与化探, 2017, 41(3): 521-526.
[15]	王连坤, 方伍宝, 段心标, 胡光辉, 李振春, 万弘. 基于互相关误差泛函的最小二乘逆时偏移方法[J]. 物探与化探, 2016, 40(5): 980-985.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed