井中地震黏声逆时偏移的井型影响分析

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2022.1539

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摘要

当前油气勘探目标具有“隐、碎、薄、小”等特点,对偏移成像技术提出了更高的要求。因采集方式特殊,井中地震具有资料分辨率高、波场信息丰富且干扰少等优势,理论上能够对井周的“隐、碎、薄、小”等复杂储集体实现高精度成像。井型对震源的布设有较大的限制,实际中除直井外,还存在斜井、曲斜井、水平井等多种井型,相同深度震源在不同井型中所处位置不相同,相同数量震源在不同井型中的空间分布也不同,使得地震波传播路径存在显著差异,影响成像质量。然而,当前井型对于偏移成像的影响具体如何,还没有定性或定量的认识,本文基于黏声逆时偏移成像方法,通过对比多种不同井型条件下的理论模型井中地震偏移成像结果,分析井型对偏移质量的影响。数值试算结果阐明了井型与井中地震偏移成像质量及有效成像范围间的定性关系,该结果也为井中地震采集系统设计提供了相应的理论支撑。

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	王霁川
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关键词 ：井中地震, 井型, 分数阶方程, 逆时偏移, Q补偿

Abstract：

The current hydrocarbon exploration targets are concealed,scattered,thin,and small.These characteristics put forward higher requirements for the migration imaging technique.Owing to the special acquisition method,the data derived from borehole seismic have the advantages of high resolution,rich wave field information,and less interference.In theory,borehole seismic can be used to realize high-precision imaging of complex reservoirs,such as concealed,scattered,thin and small ones around the well.Well types greatly limit the layout of the seismic sources.In practice,besides vertical wells,there are also many types of wells,such as inclined wells,curved inclined wells,and horizontal wells.For different well types,the seismic sources at the same depth have different positions and the same number of seismic sources have different spatial distributions,leading to significantly different seismic wave propagation paths and further affecting the imaging quality.However,there is no qualitative or quantitative understanding of the effects of well types on migration imaging currently.Using the visco-acoustic inverse time migration imaging method,this study analyzed the effects of well types on migration quality by comparing the seismic migration imaging results of theoretical models under various well types.The numerical results provide the qualitative relationships between well types and borehole seismic migration imaging quality and effective imaging range.The results also provide corresponding theoretical support for the design of a borehole seismic acquisition system.

Key words： borehole seismics well type fractional equation reverse time migration Q compensation

收稿日期: 2021-09-29 修回日期: 2022-07-22 出版日期: 2022-10-20

ZTFLH:

P631.4

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(42004093);山东省自然基金项目(ZR2020QD050)

作者简介: 王霁川(1995-),男,硕士,从事地震波传播及逆时偏移成像方法研究工作。Email: wang-ji-chuan@foxmail.com

引用本文:

王霁川, 谷丙洛, 李振春. 井中地震黏声逆时偏移的井型影响分析[J]. 物探与化探, 2022, 46(5): 1196-1206.
WANG Ji-Chuan, GU Bing-Luo, LI Zhen-Chun. Effects of well types on the visco-acoustic reverse time migration based on borehole seismics. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2022, 46(5): 1196-1206.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2022.1539 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I5/1196

Fig.1 井中地震(a)与地面地震(b)观测系统示意

Fig.2 井中地震地震波的传播路径示意
a—直井路径示意;b—曲斜井路径示意;c—水平井路径示意

Fig.3 井中地震波场延拓及逆时偏移原理示意
a—无衰减介质波场正向延拓;b—衰减介质波场正向延拓;c—声波逆时偏移;d—Q补偿逆时偏移

Fig.4 井中地震射线路径(a)及不同激发深度覆盖范围(b)示意

Fig.5 砂泥岩薄互层速度模型(a)和Q模型(b)

Fig.6 薄互层模型逆时偏移剖面
a—声波偏移剖面;b—黏声未补偿偏移剖面;c—黏声补偿后偏移剖面

Fig.7 薄互层模型逆时偏移剖面局部放大
a—声波偏移剖面;b—黏声未补偿偏移剖面;c—黏声补偿后偏移剖面

Fig.8 薄互层模型逆时偏移参考剖面

Fig.9 薄互层模型水平井逆时偏移剖面
a—水平井段500 m;b—水平井段1 000 m

Fig.10 薄互层模型右斜井逆时偏移剖面
a—斜率为0.5偏移剖面;b—斜率为1偏移剖面;c—右斜井偏移剖面

Fig.11 薄互层模型左斜井逆时偏移剖面
a—斜率为-0.5偏移剖面;b—斜率为-1偏移剖面;c—左斜井偏移剖面

Fig.12 薄互层模型多井逆时偏移剖面
a—双井偏移剖面;b—三井偏移剖面

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