Based on the geochemical data of the surface soil obtained from the downstream basin of the Yellow River in Shandong, the authors used the regular land quality geochemical assessment methods, put forward the assessment value index system of the work area, determined the weights of all assessment index layers, and then completed the land quality geochemical assessment of the work area. Studies show that, as the soil source in the work area is relatively uniform, most of the assessment unit classifications always tend to be the same despite using different assessment index systems, up to 80% land of the whole region can be assigned to excellent grades, and lands of two-ends grades are often smaller and fragmented. The assessment classification can reflect the levels of the soil fertility and healthy elements and, due to the rareness of the soil that exceeds the environment quality standard, the classification simply indicates the relative merits of soil environmental quality. The assessment result can provide guidance for the rational utilization of land resources and provide the data basis and reference for the lower grade stage geochemical assessment within this region in the future.