Based on the practical experience gained in iron ore prospecting in Badaohe low and

negative aeromagnetic anomaly area of Qinglong County, Hebei Province, in cooperation with a foreign

company, the authors have got some new ideas in search for metamorphosed sedimentary iron ore

deposits: In the area with good geological environment where aeromagnetic anomalies are nonexistent,

field survey and investigation as well as large scale ground magnetic survey can still be arranged to

discover sizable industrial ore deposits. The summarization of successful practice and experience can

play a good inspiring and referring role in looking for iron deposits in Hebei and even in whole China.

Located at the compounding position between SidaoqiaoZhujiding fracture anticline and

SandaoqiaoQingda fracture anticline on the hanging wall of Chengxiang large fault, the Zhujiding

copper deposit is recently discovered in the central segment of Yidun island arc belt. Based on a study

of geochemical characteristics of ore bodies, ores, oreforming age and parent rocks, the authors hold

that the Zhujiding copper deposit is a magmatichydrothermalporphyry type ore deposit formed by

the extensional action of Yidun island arc belt after the collisionorogenic movement in late

Yanshanian period. An oreprospecting model for the Zhujiding copper deposit has been established

on the basis of integrated research.

 Inner Mongolia has complex gravity anomalies. The Da Hinggan Mountain in the east of Inner

Mongolia is a mirror-image anomaly area. There exist low gravity of rock body, high gravity of Sungliao

Plain, mountain root and anti-root, and the AREM model is tenable. The Yinshan mountain chain in

the middle of Inner Mongolia is a mountain anomaly area. There exists high gravity of rock body, but

mountain root effect on the gentle Moho surface is nonexistent, and the Pratt model is tenable. Low-

gravity anomaly of the Dadong Mountain occurs in the middle of the mountain anomaly area.

Comparative studies suggest that the low-gravity anomaly of the Dadong Mountain is neither a

mountain anomaly nor a mirror-image anomaly, but a rock body anomaly. The isostatic compensation

occurs in the lower boundary of the intracrustal granitic layer. It can be said that, in addition to the

mountain anomaly and mirror-image anomaly, there is also a granite anomaly.

According to the data obtained from air-borne electromagnetic and magnetic survey and

ground two-frequency IP and magnetic survey, this paper discusses the relationship between the

features of air-borne and ground geophysical composite anomalies and the ore resource distribution.

On the basis of an integrated analysis, geophysical composite anomaly criteria in search for iron, zinc

and lead deposits were established, and 12 important ore-prospecting targets were delineated, which

provides very important clues for finding iron, zinc, lead and some other ore resources.

Based on an analysis of 1:200000 gravity and magnetic data obtained from northern Hainan

area in combination with geological and drilling data, the authors deduced 20 concealed or semi-

concealed faults and delineated 12 Cenozoic depressions as well as 2 domes and basically found out

characteristics and properties of geological structures in this area. These achievements are of great

significance for further geological-structural studies, city planning and economic construction.

Located in the forest-covering area of southern Jilin Province, the Jiapigou metallogenic belt is

a famous gold ore-forming belt in China. For the purpose of finding new ore deposits and making

breakthrough in ore-prospecting work, many ore-prospecting methods have been tested in this area.

Studies show that lithic survey, mercurimetry, geoelectrical measurement and dike survey are effective

in search for gold deposits in such a landscape area. It is also found that, in this metallogenic belt, the

frontal elements are Hg, As, Sb, F（Tl, Se, Te），the ore-forming elements are Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, and the

rear elements are Mo, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn. The element combination and the evaluation model are of some

significance in anomaly appraisal and discovery of blind ore bodies in the depth.

Based on a brief description of the geological background of the ore district, his paper

mainly analyses electrical anomaly properties and ground electric profile features along No.0 line in the

ore district by using the complex resistivity method. The horizontal projection shape of ore (mineralized)

bodies in the depth are illustrated by application of data from complex resistivity method in

combination with a discussion of stratigraphic and metallogenic conditions. Geophysical interpretation

played a guiding role in subsequent detailed exploration and was consistent with the drilling results.

The complex resistivity method proves to be a practical and efficient technique.

Geomagnetic information is used to restrict the rising error of the inertial navigation system

in geomagnetic navigation, and it meets the demands of submarine navigation, which include self-

help, imperceptibility and high-precision. In this paper, the development of passive magnetic

navigation has been described, and the problems existent in previous studies have been analyzed and

indicated as follows: First, the submarine navigation should use the fine-scale, measured magnetic

map instead of directly using the IGRF model reference value. Second, the influence of the

geomagnetic diurnal change must be taken into account when magnetic navigation is used. The

theories and algorithms of using Kalman filter for passive magnetic navigation were elaborated, and a

simulation test was done, which attained the effect of using the geomagnetic field to assist inertial

navigation. Moreover, the theories and algorithms in which Kalman filter was used for passive

magnetic navigation were introduced, and then a simulation test was done, which attained the effect

of using the geomagnetic field to assist inertial navigation. Then the characteristics of geomagnetic

diurnal change were described, and the method that could eliminate the influence of the diurnal

change was discussed and the solution was put forward. By calibrating the mean diurnal change, the

interference caused by geomagnetic diurnal change to submarine navigation could be reduced to some

extent. At last, a simulation test for submarine passive navigation process was done. In the test the

magnetic anomaly database of a marine geological research in a certain area of East China Sea was

used, and the orientation of submarine navigation was modified.

 The key link of seismic signal processing is first break picking，whose accuracy and

efficiency constitute an important index of data processing．As in conventional seismic data，

especially in shallow seismic data，the signal-to-noise ratio is relatively high，the paper discusses the

improvement of the energy ratio method, i.e., the realization of the automation of the process under

the prerequisite of ensuring the accuracy．Based on the traditional energy ratio method，the authors

have studied two methods which use edge detection and stability factor to solve the "multiple first

arrive" phenomenon，and proposed a multiple-window energy ratio method to identify first arrival

time between refraction wave and direct wave. To solve the problem of accuracy and efficiency，the

authors suggest using the singular values of processing methods and variable phase shift technique．

The model and actual data processing results indicate that, with the integration of energy，window

and phase factors, the improved means of conventional seismic data has a better pick accuracy and

automation, and the computational efficiency is rapid too.

 In order to realize consistency of acquisition channels of array receivers for Induced

polarization, it’s necessary to design a special calibration source . The induced polarization-similar

source based on US2.0 communications protocol was designed and implemented. This design is based

on the theoretical foundation of DDFS and uses field-programmable gate array to design core of DDFS,

with the generation of model sounding data. The induced polarization-simulated source can be

adjusted between 1uV and 1V with the step of 0.038V. The output of frequency is 1Hz, 0.25Hz,

0.125Hz, 0.0625Hz, while the error is 1.8 × 10-5 Hz. It has been applied in the main electromagnetic

probe system.

In this paper, systematic classification was conducted for the fissure systems of China's coal

seams, and the main causes for the different types of fissures were described. Based on 2D, 2C

anisotropic elastic waveequation staggering grid highorder finitedifference numerical

simulation, the authors carried out the numerical simulation of elastic wave field for the isotropy model

and the water-saturated and dry media 2D layered model with fracturebearing coal seams of high

fracturing density. The results show that, in comparison with the fracturesfree coalseam, the

fracturesbearing coalseam has the following characteristics: the surge impedance of the boundary

plane at the top and the bottom is changed due to the change of wave velocity, causing the change of

dynamic characteristics of the wave. The AVO phenomenon is especially obvious. The characteristics of

x component and z omponent are opposite in dry fractural media and in watersaturated

fractural media, and the velocity of wave is faster in watersaturated fractural media than in dry

fractural media. It is thus thought that coalseam fractures are detectable by using anisotropy theory.

This paper deals with the application status of the Crosswell Seismic technology and

describes the Crosswell Seismic acquisition technique and conventional Crosswell Seismic data

processing technology. Some of the major aspects in the application of Crosswell Seismic data are

discussed, and the future trend of Crosswell Seismic technology is forecasted. Current researches show

that the Crosswell Seismic technology could significantly improve the quality of seismic reflection

profiles and the resolution of seicmic exploration and could also detect the exact structure of shallow

strata. It is proved that the Crosswell Seismic technology has a good application prospect in such

aspects of engineering as active fault exploration and geological investigation..

Underground cavity detection is one of the important detection contents in way construction,

and GPR can help us detect city roads rapidly, so it has been used widely. This paper deals with the

existent space of  the underground cavity , the technicalmethods for using GPR to detect underground

cavities as well as the characteristics of anomalies.

Aimed at solving some problems in geochemical exploration, this study employed the

thermomagnetic technique and chose some mining areas to carry out the technology application

research. With the Caijiaying Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in Hebei Province as a case study area, the authors

utilized the recent advances in search for concealed deposits and in recognizing the properties of

secondary anomaly. The research results show that the thermomagnetic technique is an effective ore-

prospecting method in coverage areas.

In the light of typical coneshaped columns in the Lu'an mine of Shanxi Province, the authors

established a mathematical model for the collapse column, and used the wave equation model for

seismic ray tracing and wavefield simulation of collapse columns. The simulation results show that,

due to the special nature of the collapse columns, such waves as the normal reflected wave, the fault

point diffraction wave, the delay diffraction wave, the delay reflected wave and  the "diffraction

wave" consisting of Pwave field are formed around the collapse columns. On such a basis, the field

shot was simulated, and then a single shot record for routine processing  was generated to produce

stacking sections and migrated sections. The forward section and the actual data analysis reveal that

the fallen columns of the special wave constitute an important feature for recognizing collapse

columns; nevertheless, the resultant scale of the actual seismic data interpretation is often smaller

than the scale of actual collapse column. Some suggestions are also put forward for reference.

This paper deals with the working principle, manufacturing process and utilization means

concerning the making of electric power supply using inverter for replacing the batteries box and the

making of electrode changing-over switch box using toggle switch. This design contributes to improving

working efficiency and reducing labor intensity during the application of the changing-over switch box

of the electrical prospecting method in combination with traditional high density electric cable.

 The paleolandform of "KaijiangLiangping" trough formed at the end of

Longtan period and the continuous transgression of Changxing period jointly control the growth

morphology and distribution of Changxing Formation bioherm. Based on numerical simulation

analysis, the authors established the seismic response model and revealed that the bioherm forward

modeling of seismic profiles and the bioherm model have good similarity. 3D seismic data and drilling

data were employed to make seismic facies and sedimentary facies analysis and, as a result, the 

"platform marginal reefphase" phase belt formed at the end of the Changxing Formation was

recognized. On such a basis, the shape and distribution characteristics of the bioherm were inferred.

The wave impedance inversion and logging curves were also studied, and the results show that these

two methods also have obvious effects in the prognostic work.

 Using the largescale middle gradient sweep ladder, the authors rapidly delineated the

distribution of anomalies. IP sounding device was adopted to detect space state of the polarization

body, and frequency spectrum characteristics of IP field were used to distinguish graphitebearing

marble from metal sulfides. Based on comprehensive geophysical exploration in combination with

geological conditions of the ore deposit, the dualfrequency IP method has achieved good results in

the exploration of a goldcopper deposit in southwest Henan Province.  

In view of the shortcomings of the hole for measuring temperature in monitoring the

temperature field of freezing wall and the peculiarity of the high density resistivity method，this paper

studied the feasibility of applying the high density resistivity method to monitoring the temperature

field of freezing wall. Under the condition of initial water content and density of the test soil similar to

that of the undisturbed soil，the electrical conducting characteristics of silty soil in No.4 Line of

Shanghai Metro System were studied with three resistivity methods (Wennerα、Wennerβ and

Wennerγ) at 30～-30℃. Some phenomena have been observed:  First，trends between the variation

of apparent resistivity and the variation of the temperature by three high density resistivity methods are

very consistent，namely， apparent resistivity of silty soil will augment（or electrical conducting

characteristics will become weak）when its temperature falls，and electrical conducting

characteristics are close to temperature；second，when temperature overtops -4℃，the range of

resistivity diversification of silty soil is relatively narrow when temperature changes；thirdly， when

temperature is below -4℃，the resistivity of silty soil will change obviously when temperature changes

；fourthly，three high fitting degree regression equations of temperatureresistivity were fitted, they

were applicable to 30℃≥t>-4℃，-4℃≥t>-10℃，-10℃≥t≥-30℃ respectively by each high density

resistivity method. All the above results show that the high density resistivity method is suitable for

monitoring the temperature field of freezing wall，and can provide a reference for testing the

development of freezing wall in similar soil layers when the artificial ground freezing method is

employed in Shanghai and even the Yangtze River Delta.

Groundpenetrating radar technology was used to identify the distance of external cooling

pipes from the wall in the process of shaft wall construction so as to provide reliable data basis and

ensure the effectiveness of cooling pipes, thus preventing wall rock falling and water leakage. Data

were collected along the wall layout line and profiling was used for detection. The detection result was

shown by gray rings so that the result will be well in line with the actual situation. The results obtained

by the authors provide an effective reference for other imaging technology employed in an irregular

working environment.

Soils from two towns of Hefei City in Anhui Province were chosen to investigate the

adsorption properties of heavy metals Hg, Pb under the influence of phosphate acid. Batch

equilibration method was used in this experiment to study the isotherm adsorption and adsorption

thermodynamics characteristics of heavy metals in two typical soils. The results show that phosphate

has effects on the absorption of heavy metals. With increasing phosphate, the Hg, Pb absorption also

increases. The Hg,  Pb absorption Gibbs free energies of the two soils are both negative, indicating that

their related chemical processes can take place spontaneously, and that the chemical sorption coexists

with the physical sorption. The absorption of Hg, Pb by the two kinds of soils are governed by positive

adsorption entropy processes.

：In order to improve the ecological environment of Pingyin County and provide geochemical

data and scientific basis for agricultural division, environmental protection and local disease

prevention and control, the authors carried out ecological geochemical survey in Pingyin County. The

results show that Pingyin County area and its west farmland have such anomalies as As, Ni, Cd, Cr, F,

Cu, Mn, S and Hg, with the main elements being heavy metals. In Pingyin area, the soil anomalies are

characterized by low anomalous contrast and low concentration coefficients, whereas in west

farmland, the main anomaly components are As and Cd, and the element content is remarkably

related to major elements of SiO2，Al2O3，Fe2O3, being negatively related to SiO2, and positively

related to Al2O3 and Fe2O3. All these characteristics suggest that the major elements in soil and the

soil texture are main factors causing anomalies. In contrast, the anomalies in Pingyin County are

mainly anomalies of S, Hg, As, Zn and Mn, which are evidently caused by human composite pollutions

like industrial soot, industrial sewage and domestic waste.

From the angle of applied technology, this paper deals with the theory and data acquisition

method of TSP tunnel advanced geological prediction, and discusses the technology of TSP data

acquisition in the aspects of exciting configuration, receiver configuration and acquisition parameter.

The method of parameter choice for extremely hard rock, hard rock and soft rock is also discussed.

With case study, the means for getting high quality raw data is illustrated.

Gravity gradient tensor was introduced in this study, and the finite element method was

applied to the twodimensional gravity gradient tensor forward. In order to prove the correctness of the

finite element method, the authors comparatively studied the forward result and analytical solution of

a twodimensional body whose cross section is the combination of two rectangles. It can be seen that

the forward result is well consistent with the FEM numerical solution. Through forwarding the two

dimensional body which has irregular cross section and homogeneous density in each element, the

authors have concluded that the complex twodimensional body can be forwarded by mesh

generation to approximate irregular borders and by assigning different densities to different elements.

 In order to evaluate the performance index of the airborne gravity system, researchers usually use the method for calculating the internal accord accuracy of repeated flight lines. The authors have designed a method for precise calculation of the corresponding point of repeat lines, in which the gravity value is calculated by using interpolation. High precision internal accord accuracy could be achieved by using RMS calculation for gravity value of corresponding points on repeat lines. 

With the extensive adoption of computer technology in geology and geophysics, computer graphics becomes more and more important. For the purpose of improving quality and efficiency, several software should be combined in practical work. In this paper, some basic characteristics of Surfer and MapGIS are discussed, and their application in geological field is described from the angle of geological mapping, thus drawing forth the necessity of the conversion between Surfer and MapGIS. The general method and steps for the conversion of maps between Surfer and MapGIS are presented in detail, and several problems concerning the conversion and corresponding solutions are emphatically discussed.

In the CAD software for highway and railway route selection design, it is absolutely necessary that the lamination pattern be filled in the route stratigraphic section. On the basis of studying the structure of AutoCAD drawing database, and on the drawing platform of AutoCAD 2007, the authors made a tentative discussion on the generation of filling boundaries, development of hatch pattern library and invoking of pattern, using Visual C++2005 compiling environment combined with library functions of ObjectARX. With these methods, we can accomplish automatic generation of closed field boundary and calling-filling of the hatch pattern.

 Calculation of all-time apparent resistivity for the central loop TEM magnetic source devices is discussed in this paper. Homogeneous half-space calculation results show that it is feasible for transient electric dipole superposition to calculate the magnetic field source device TEM central loop transient field; the definition of all-time apparent resistivity for magnetic source central loop device using electric dipole transient field. Through the calculation of apparent resistivity and apparent resistivity for the two-layers, threeand four-layers electric section and comparison with late-time apparent resistivity for TEM, the superiority of the definition is illustrated. The calculations of magnetic source TEM field data show that the definition of alltime apparent resistivity for magnetic source central loop device using electric dipole transient field better reflects the characteristics of Electric section and it is valuable for shallow magnetic source TEM detection and data interpretation