In this paper, recent advances in the research and development of quantum magnetometers have been described together with some suggestions on further research work.

Based on a comprehensive review on the anisotropy of rocks and a study of the physical spatial distribution of different sizes of geological bodies, this paper holds that the heterogeneity of geological bodies is very common. To improve the dependability of geophysical data processing and geological interpretation, we should consider the heterogeneity of geological bodies in geophysical survey.

On the basis of calculating the fractal dimension of the aeromagnetic data from Bayan Hot basin, a fractal contour map was drawn and the distribution of igneous rocks was deduced according to the fractal characteristics. From the map, the relatively good geological result which cannot be obtained from the aeromagnetic contour map has been attained. In the end of this paper, the selection of the optimal window and the optimal grid for calculating fractal dimension is discussed, and some experience is advanced.

Modern satellite altimetric gravity (SAG) is studied in this paper on the basis of a comparison with measured data on spatial resolution, on-shore and off-shore joint mapping, and interpretation work in the South Yellow Sea. It is pointed out that resolution of high resolution satellite altimetric gravity data can now achieve 4×10^-5m/s²l or so and thus can be used in 1∶1 million regional marine gravity survey. Suggestions on marine gravity work for marine oil and gas resources and geological survey in China are also put forward in this paper.

Due to the complexity of geological structures and surface conditions in metallic ore areas, the seismic reflection method suitable for detecting bedded media is rather limited in metallic ore exploration. In order to detect complex geological structures and concealed rock bodies and improve horizontal resolution of the seismic record, we must study the corresponding seismic techniques. For the purpose of solving the above problems, the tentative application of surface seismic tomography to metallic ore exploration has been developed. This paper sums up the basic principle of nonlinear surface seismic tomography and discusses the experimental results of its application to metallic ore exploration.

The Yindongpo gold deposit is a large-size gold deposit hosted in metamorphosed clastic rocks. Based on a geochemical study of the Yindongpo ore deposit, this paper puts forward some useful indicators for further prospecting. They include complexity of the element association with an obvious Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, As, Cd anomaly, an apparent element concentration center with clear element zonation; w(As)/w(Mo)≥4, w(As)+w(Cd)+w(Au)/w(Ni)+w(Co)+w(Mo)≥10, K_k (enriched Clark value) ≥0.5, C_v (Variation coefficient)≥1, regular distribution of striped anomaly as well as stratigraphic and structural control. On the basis of these indicators, ore prognosis was conducted in the periphery of the Yindongpo deposit, covering the area between W4 and W26 exploration lines. The result has been verified by drilling, with new reserves of 11.945 t metals of gold obtained.

The Chenjiazhangzhi gold deposit is a porphyry gold polymetallic deposit discovered by 1∶50000 geochemical exploration.The characteristics of its geochemical anomaly can be used as indicators in search for similar deposits in this area.The eastern part of the ore district might still have concealed polymetallic deposits. Soil survey should be adopted in such soil overburden areas.The discovery of this gold deposit demonstrates the great potential of the traditional methods in finding new deposits in central and western China.

Located in the central part of the Qianhe-Miaoling-Manyu metallogenic belt, the Xiaonangou deposit in Songxian County is a typical tectonic altered rock type gold deposit. Based on such characteristics of the Xiaonangou gold deposit as trace element associations, horizontal zoning, vertical zoning, element contrast values, orebody lateral plunging, and attitudes and sizes of orebodies, this paper deals tentatively with the geochemical anomaly pattern of tectonic altered rock type gold deposits, with the purpose of establishing ore-prospecting criteria for ore exploration work of this area.

The grounded source transient electromagnetic method is a leading means in oil and gas exploration techniques adopted by Russia and some other countries. However, very few interpretations and researches on related applied technique can be found in China. Exemplified by the Jiangsu oil field, this paper deals with the effects and related problems concerning the application of the grounded source transient electromagnetic method.

The protection of the ecological environment of lower Tarim River valley is an important objective in the integrated harnessing of the Tarim River. The lower Tarim River valley is characterized by sparse population, arid climate and bad natural environment, and hence it is especially important to work out an easy and rapid method for detecting the underground water table of this area. This paper reports the results of applying SWS-3 type engineering exploration and exploration detection instrument to detecting the underground water table of lower Tarim River valley, and describes in brief the variation regularity of the phreatic water table in lower Tarim River valley.

The basic principles, technical characteristics and application fields of EH-4 are described in this paper. Based on some practical examples of groundwater investigation in western China, this paper illustrates the effectiveness of this method.

This paper has described in brief hydrogeological and geothermal conditions of Longmen State Grain Depot in Luoyang City, analyzed and interpreted integrated geophysical data obtained from the exploration locating of hot water and cool water wells over the same concealed fault in this area and, on such a basis, determined sites and depths of the drill wells.

Based on the quantitative analytical data obtained in the second generation regional geochemical survey and the national standard of soil environmental quality, the authors used the stream sediments data to classify soil environmental qualities of the whole Zhejiang Province. It is pointed out that before 1990 the soil quality was on the whole quite good and the environmental quality (element content) indices were almost all within the ranges of Grade I and Grade II of the national standard. Before 1990s, the heavy metal planar pollution elements were mainly As, Cd, U, Ni, and subordinately Hg. The Cd, As, Ni and U polluted areas were chiefly distributed on the inner side of Anhui-Zhejiang boundary, the Ni, Cr heavily polluted areas were concentrated in Shengxian and Xinchang areas, and the Sn, Hg polluted areas were spread in Ningbo, Shaoxing, Hangzhou and Jiaxing areas. It is held that except for He which belongs to secondary pollution, all pollution elements are of the primary pollution type.

There exist Cd-high areas in alluvial plain of Zhujiang delta, which are distributed in Quaternary marine-continental and continental-marine alternating facies sediments. The characteristics of total Cd content and unstable Cd phase content are obviously different in different sedimentary facies. The total Cd content and unstable Cd phase content tend to decrease gradually from marine-continental alternating facies through continental-marine alternating facies to continental facies. From the surface to the depth, the content ratio of unstable Cd phase is relatively high near the underground water level.

In the tentative mercurometric survey around the Qin Shi Huang Tomb, a high mercury anomalous area was detected over the tomb. This suggests that there does exist a mercury source at the depth, and that the area of the mercury anomaly might reflect the approximate position of the underground palace. The heat-release mercury study demonstrates that the soil mercury over the Qin Shi Huang Tomb is basically composed of low-temperature mercury, and that soil survey measurement is actually the reflection of low-temperature mercury. The volatile mercury in soil is consistent with the soil mercury; nevertheless, the soil mercury is more stable. Theα-cup radon measurement has yielded preliminary results in the detection of underground mercury source and the locating of subordinate funeral pits.

Aimed at solving the problem of adopting the altitude of he suitable system in oil and gas exploration, this paper gives demonstrations and explanations, and points out the incorrectness of the utilization of terrestrial height in place of altitude. The new method for determining normal height or positive height is described. With this method, the role of the gravity data can be brought into full play in oil and gas exploration, and the normal height and gravity anomaly can be jointly determined with very high precision. Thus, the demand of oil and gas exploration can be met.

In this paper, some improvements have been made on the traditional gradient interpretation methods for the two-dimensional fault gravity anomalies: ① The least squares fitting technique is adopted to figure out the dip angleαof the step; ② The dip angle and the horizontal boundary of the step are directly used to calculate the burial depth of the step; ③ the interpretation method for gravity two-dimensional gradient is extended to the interpretation of the complex fault model. The principle and operation means of this method are dealt with in detail in this paper. Compared with the traditional gravity gradient interpretation methods, this method is simpler and yields more stable interpretation results. With this method, the measured gravity data from a certain oil and gas basin were successfully interpreted.

In seismic exploration, the random noise is an interference wave with a broad band which deteriorates the signal-to-noise ratio. In order to enhance the signal/noise ratio and resolution of the seismic section and to distinguish and pursue the seismic event more easily, the authors suggest in this paper the utilization of the LOG operator and the modified coherence algorithm. Trial computations of a theoretical record and an actual field record show that the method is obviously effective in the separation of signal from noise.

The study and explanation of coalfield collapse columns, especially of small ones, constitute a key factor in coal mine safe production. However, it is very difficult to explain small coal collapses by seismic data of field reflection and refraction waves in practical production. In this paper, the characteristics of reflection and refraction wave sets and the influence of reflection wave set to refraction wave set are studied for coalfield collapse columns on the basis of ultrasonic simulation tests. The results show that coalfield high-resolution seismic data can reduce the radius of Fresnel zone to 1/5～1/3 for the target buried in the depth of 200～500 m, and interpret accurately collapse columns with diameters longer than 30m. Reliable explanation results can also be obtained for collapse columns with diameters of 15～30m. Therefore, the exploration precision is obviously improved.

In the processing of seismic data from western China, there frequently exists a residual static time difference of tens of milliseconds after elevation and datum corrections. In the stacked profiles, the effects of this static time difference on the shape of the reflection undulation are different in shallow, middle and deep layers, i.e., there exists the phenomenon of "non-static statics". An analysis shows that such a phenomenon is attributed to high stacking multiplicity and large offset in the arrangement. For the shallow, middle and deep layers in the same CMP gather, the number of the traces participating in stacking is quite different, which causes different smoothing actions during stacking on the static time difference. Different from the "non-static statics" phenomenon caused by different propagation paths of the reflection in mountain areas, it remains "surface consistent". The correct analysis of the cause of this type of phenomena provides a basis for the correct application of static correction.

In order to simulate and control the distribution of oil and water, the authors used organic glass in place of oil. Experiments show that the relationship between electric resistivity and fluid distribution is not unique. This means that the most probability of fluid distribution must be found out when the inversion of crosshole electromagnetic imaging is done. The influence of fluid distribution upon electric resistivity is theoretically analyzed with the model of resistance in serial and parallel and numerically simulated with the ANSYS software, which gives a clear explanation of the experiment.

It increases the possibility of damage of borehole casing. This paper introduces two kind of logging methods of downhole color TV logging. It emphasizes the application and its effect in the borehole damage detection of salt mineral by panoramic color television logging system. The downhole color TV logging can directly reflect casing corrosion, borehole barrage, casing slippage etc. this detection would provided power evidence for borehole repairing.

The borehole ultrasonic imaging method can precisely reflect the smoothness of the borehole wall, and then judge the weathering degree of the rock and determine thickness of the weathering bed. This paper describes traveltime and amplitude image characteristics of borehole ultrasonic imaging, and gives an application example in Hong Kong area.

Yanliangshan tunnel is a key engineering site in Chongqing to Huaihua Railway. The tunnel passes through the Maoba syncline formed by carbonate rocks with very complex geological setting.The author conducted the applied research of more than one geophysical exploration methods in the tunnel and reached some conclusions. In geological beforehand forecast in the relatively deeply buried and long tunnel of carbonate rocks, we should first carry out controllable audio-frequency terrestrial electromagnetic exploration to find out positions, shapes, sizes and burial depths of various structures, karst areas and oil-gas reservoirs so as to get semi-quantitative understanding of the geological background. On such a basis, the negative visual velocity seismic reflection method should be used near the mined face so as to exactly detect unfavorable geological conditions in front of the face.

The application of geophysical technique to advanced prediction during tunneling has the advantages of high speed and accuracy. In addition, all the data obtained can be dealt with and displayed in time. The Bajiaoxi tunnel in Shaoyang-Huaihua section of Hunan along the Shanghai-Ruili Expressway is given as an example. We can be accurately informed of the geological conditions before tunneling. Such information is very important in arranging the tunneling methods and reducing risks in work.