In this paper, the working principle of three satellites (CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE) has been described, and the important geopotential models and the newest geopotential models (EIGEN-CG01C, GGM02) have been introduced.

The orebodies of the Faziba copper deposit in Gansu Province occur in the transitional zone between the metamorphosed intermediate-basic volcanic rocks to sedimentary rocks, with the major ore-bearing bed being copper-bearing magnetite quartzite. Physical characters of various rocks (ores) show remarkable differences. There exists obvious concentration zoning in anomalies of such main ore-forming elements as Cu, Zn, Mo, Co and Au, Ag. Evident geophysical and geochemical anomalies can be observed over the orebodies. Integrated geological-geophysical-geochemical prospecting criteria are put forward in this paper.

The Miaoling gold deposit in Xiongershan area is a large-size tectonic altered rock type deposit, and there exist in this area geochemical anomalies closely related to the gold deposit.The abundances of Au and related elements increase in geometric progression from the regional background through the ore district and tectonic rocks to the orebody.The ore-indicating elements are mainly Au, Ag, Hg, As, Sb, V, S, Se, W, B, Pb and Cu, and the mesothermal-epithermal remote indicator elements are Hg, As, Sb and Ag.

Based on a study of elements distributed in Pb-, Zn-, Ag-related sedimentary formations within Mesoproterozoic Guandaokou Group and Upper Proterozoic Luanchuan Group in southwestern Hanan area, the supergene enrichment of these elements, and the distribution characteristics of integrated geochemical anomalies, the authors hold that Guandaokou Group and Luanchuan Group are Pb, Zn, Ag source beds, and that Longjiayuan Formation, Nannihu Formation and Meiyaogou Formation seem to be favorable horizons in search for stratabound Pb, Zn, Ag deposits related to such sedimentary formations as carbonate rocks of Guandaokou Group and clastic rocks-carbonate rocks of Luanchuan Group.

The "Y11 airborne geophysical (electric, magnetic) integrated station" designed and developed by Chinese researchers were used to conduct gold exploration in Jiaodong area. As a result, satisfactory geological achievements were obtained in such aspects as delineation of rock bodies and structural shatter zones, division of stratigraphic boundary, delineation of gold prospective areas, and prognosis of ore-prospecting targets.

The carrier in the cathode receiver has been developed from 'liquid' to 'solid', which opens up a way for the standardization and practicality of the CHIM technique. The capacity of the carrier can be improved through processing.

This paper has described geological and geophysical characteristics of coalfield 3D seismic exploration in western China and discussed such problems as the design of the observation system in 3D seismic exploration, the selection of excitation and receiving conditions of seismic wave, and the engineering technical measures. The acquisition of seismic data in several areas shows that 3D seismic exploration of coalfields can also attain fairly good results under the complex landform and seismic geological conditions of western China.

A glide correlation analytical method for gravity and magnetic anomaly is advanced in the paper, with some application examples given, such as estimation of the nature of the anomalous source, division of oil prospects, and delimitation of boundaries of tectonic units.

In order to study the possibility of applying the microgravity method to exploring fissures in Xi'an City, the author arranged several high-accuracy gravity profiles across ground fissures. The results show that the microgravity survey is an effective method for detection of buried deep faults with vertical displacements.

In the light of the existence of various sorts of obstacles in water, this paper emphatically describes the application of the magnetic sonar technique to detecting engineering obstacles, analyzes the prospect of using this technique to detect underwater objects and points out the development orientation.

The result of GPR investigation in west Jilin shows that the radar waveform of saline-alkali soil is different from that of tillable soil, and this can be used to distinguish tillable soil from saline-alkali soil. The extent of salinization can be determined according to the relativity of spectra. The saline-alkali accumulated part can be distinguished from the transitional part of saline-alkali soil according to instantaneous amplitude of GPR record. So the GPR integrated with geochemical means can interpret the salinization degree in depth rapidly, and can also be used in large-area surface survey.

In the light of the specific surface landscape and geological conditions in desert marginal areas of Tarim basin, we should reduce and suppress the effects of random interference factors upon geochemical indices in such aspects as sample collection, method choice and data processing in the oil and gas geochemical exploration. The application of the adsorbing filament technique over the known oil and gas accumulations shows that the effective indices (C₂C₈、C₁₃C₁₄ etc.) of the adsorbing filament technique can satisfactorily reveal information of deep oil and gas accumulations in the forms of different anomaly models.

The paper introduces in brief the study of ZH-1 magnetic susceptibility meter. In its designing, we designed a new detector system, used intelligent designing and applied some new technology, they make the meter delivers highly accurate and reliable data. We also realized Chinese display, data storage and the collection of data. The meter allows fast, easy and accurate analysis of rock samples.

According to electric difference of the strata, the author has studied Quaternary sediments in various Quaternary basins within the middle and lower valley of the Shule River in Hexi Corridor and put forward the concept of quasi-Quaternary. Electric sounding data were used to infer the thickness and lithology of quasi-Quaternary sediments as well as concealed structures. The results obtained provide basic data for groundwater exploration in this region.

The normalized total gradient technique (NTG) was employed in the interpretation of induced polarization (IP) with the purpose of obtaining the space information on IP sources. A program package based on the NTG theory was also developed to process IP data along a profile. The results from experiments and field work show that the NTG method can generate a reliable section of IP source distribution with correct continuation parameters.

Gridding of irregular data is a basic problem in the processing and interpretation of geophysical data, and is also an indispensable means to assure the success of geophysical data processing methods. This paper has discussed four different gridding methods in space domain, i.e., linear interpolation, multiquadric function, ordinary Kriging and inverse interpolation. The calculation of these gridding methods is illustrated by both theoretical model and real aeromagnetic data examples.

Each sample in a seismic trace has its unique converted point location, which implies that the converted wave velocity analysis can not be done by using fixed seismic gather, and that the common conversion point (CCP) gathers should be changed accordingly when the velocity ratio and conversion point depth are changed. In this paper the authors present a method of non-iterative converted wave stacking velocity analysis using true CCP gathers, which introduces a dynamic trace gathering technique that takes both depth and scanning velocity ratio variations into account. The processing result of seismogram and real multi-component seismic data show that the method is practical and effective.

With the successive improvement of exploration degree of Erlian basin in recent years, the study and prospecting have been gradually transformed from structure exploration to concealed oil-gas accumulation exploration. Concealed oil-gas accumulations are characterized by strong concealment, difficulty in recognition, rapid transverse lithologic variation and complex reservoir-forming conditions. A mature reservoir inversion technique has therefore become a very important tool in oi-gas prospecting. From such aspects of reservoir quality description as the construction of syn-sonic wave curve, the construction of the inversion model and the quantitative description, this paper deals with the application of reservoir inversion technique to the exploration of oil-gas accumulations in Erlian basin and points out some problems which deserve attention in reservoir inversion.

This paper presents the Adaptive Principal Components Extraction (APEX) procedure in neural networks. The algorithm is used for the first time in seismic data processing. Noise can be eliminated via the orthogonal decomposition of seismic data followed by eigen extraction. The results of synthetic and real data processing illustrate the effectiveness of this method.

Based on regional geochemical characteristics of Nanchang-Zhangshu area and the State Soil Environment Quality Standard (GB/T18407.1-2001), the authors made an evaluation of the soil mercury environment quality of this area, revealed mercury pollution situation of surface soil, analyzed the causes of the pollution, and investigated the mode of occurrence and distribution characteristics of soil mercury in important pollution places.

The calculation of the dispersion curves of pavements is studied in this paper. The dispersion curves of pavements used to be figured out by such means as the stiffness matrix approach or the finite element method. For pavement systems, the search for the roots of the frequency equation was beset with difficulties. The roots were mostly complex numbers and numerical overflow problems occurred frequently. The authors propose adding a high velocity layer under the sub-grade so as to convert the roots into real numbers. Using the bisection method to solve the modified model, the authors have found that the results coincide with those of the complex domain.

This article introduces the Tube waves, and it's application , Tube waves detecting method, which use tube waves as work material, detect the exist and distribution for a ranged area's caves, weak layer and badness soil surrounding the monitor hole.

With practical engineering examples, this paper describes the application of GPR to engineering investigation of such harmful geological structures as karst, faults and fractures.