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物探与化探  2025, Vol. 49 Issue (5): 1039-1052    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2025.0054
  地质调查资源勘查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
河南省桐柏县老湾金矿地球化学特征及深部成矿预测
张宏燕1(), 赵焕2, 郭鹏1
1.河南省第一地质勘查院有限公司,河南 郑州 450001
2.河南省地质研究院,河南 郑州 450000
Geochemical characteristics and deep metallogenic prediction of the Laowan gold belt in Tongbai County, Henan Province
ZHANG Hong-Yan1(), ZHAO Huan2, GUO Peng1
1. Henan First Geological Exploration Institute Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China
2. Henan Institute of Geology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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摘要 

老湾金矿带地处秦岭造山带东段,南阳盆地与吴城盆地之间,金资源量达超大型规模,属形成于燕山晚期的中低温岩浆热液型金矿床。为了推动第二找矿空间的开辟,实现新的找矿突破,对老湾金矿59号矿体原生晕进行研究,采用多种统计方法探讨成矿元素之间的相关关系,寻找可靠的地球化学预测标志,进而预测深部找矿方向。研究表明:矿体原生晕轴向分带序列为Sn-Ba-As-Au-Pb-Cu-Sb-Ag-Mo-Bi-W-Hg-Zn,前缘元素Hg排序靠后,在成矿元素Au、Ag、Pb、Cu的后面,指示矿体向深部还有盲矿体,或原有矿体向-650 m以深还有较大的延伸;尾晕元素Sn在分带序列前排,指示矿体遭受了一定程度的剥蚀。采用相关分析、聚类分析和因子分析的方法研究了成矿元素与其他金属元素之间的亲缘性,其中Cu、Ag与Au具较强相关性,可作为矿区内找矿标志。前缘晕与尾晕的累加指数比值在深部-650 m处有升高趋势,且F2因子得分等值线在深部-650 m处异常较为发育且尚未闭合,说明-650 m标高以深仍有较好的找矿远景。综上分析后提出,研究区304勘探线ZK3041标高-650 m以深为找矿目标区域。在304勘探线ZK3041北部指导施工了预测钻孔,在-720 m左右成功见到59号矿体的延伸,根据各评价指标,认为矿体向下仍有很好的找矿潜力。
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张宏燕
赵焕
郭鹏
关键词 ： 老湾金矿带,  地球化学特征,  原生晕,  成矿预测    
Abstract：

The Laowan gold belt is located in the eastern part of the Qinling orogenic belt, between the Nanyang and Wucheng basins. It boasts super-large gold resources hosted by moderate- to low-temperature magmatic-hydrothermal gold deposits formed during the Late Yanshanian. To explore the second exploration space and achieve new prospecting breakthroughs, this study investigated the primary halo of the No.59 ore body in the Laowan gold belt. Multiple statistical methods were employed to analyze the correlations among ore-forming elements. Accordingly, reliable geochemical indicators were identified to predict deep prospecting orientations. The results show that the primary halo of the No. 59 ore body exhibits an axial zoning sequence of Sn, Ba, As, Au, Pb, Cu, Sb, Ag, Mo, Bi, W, Hg, and Zn. The front-halo element Hg appears late in sequence, positioned after ore-forming elements Au, Ag, Pb, and Cu, suggesting the presence of blind ore bodies at depth or significant extension of the known ones to a burial depth of 650 m and above. In contrast, the rear-halo element Sn appears early in the sequence, indicating that the ore body was somewhat denuded. Correlation, cluster, and factor analyses were used to investigate the affinities between ore-forming elements and other metallic elements. Strong correlations were observed among Cu, Ag, and Au, establishing them as effective prospecting indicators within the deposit area. The cumulative index ratio of front- to rear-halo elements showed an increasing trend at a burial depth of 650 m, where a well-developed and non-closed anomaly was revealed by the F2 factor score contour. This suggests promising prospecting potential at this depth and deeper parts. Based on the comprehensive analysis, this study posits that the area at and below the burial depth of 650 m in borehole ZK3041 along the exploration line 304 is an exploration target. A prediction borehole drilled north of borehole ZK3041 saw the extension of No.59 ore body at a burial depth of about 720 m. Moreover, the assessment indicators show that the ore body still holds significant prospecting potential in the deeper part.
Key words： Laowan gold belt    geochemical characteristics    primary halo    metallogenic prediction
收稿日期: 2025-02-28      修回日期: 2025-06-03      出版日期: 2025-10-20
ZTFLH:  P632  
基金资助:2024年度河南省自然资源“揭榜挂帅”科研项目(豫自然资函[2024]620号-13);2023年度河南省自然资源科研项目(豫自然资函[2023]610号-13);河南省豫地科技集团2023年度重点科研类项目(JTZDKY202307)
作者简介: 张宏燕(1986-),女,2012年毕业于中国矿业大学(徐州),主要从事深部矿产资源勘查与研究工作。Email:522408856@qq.com
引用本文:   
张宏燕, 赵焕, 郭鹏. 河南省桐柏县老湾金矿地球化学特征及深部成矿预测[J]. 物探与化探, 2025, 49(5): 1039-1052.
ZHANG Hong-Yan, ZHAO Huan, GUO Peng. Geochemical characteristics and deep metallogenic prediction of the Laowan gold belt in Tongbai County, Henan Province. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(5): 1039-1052.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.0054      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I5/1039
Fig.1  老湾金矿区地质图[1]
Fig.2  老湾金矿区矿石类型
a—发育多金属硫化物的烟灰色石英脉,切穿早期Ⅰ阶段乳白色石英脉; b—Ⅱ阶段中粗-细粒自行-它形黄铁矿Py2、黄铜矿与灰白色石英胶结,呈浸染构造;c—Ⅰ阶段灰白色石英中发育粗粒自形-半自形黄铁矿Py1,呈星点状分布;d—斜长角闪片岩型金矿石中细粒方铅矿呈团块状沿灰白色石英脉发育
Fig.3  老湾金矿区围岩蚀变
a—斜长角闪片岩中黄铁矿化呈细粒浸染状分布;b—主成矿期含黄铁矿等多金属硫化物的石英脉切穿二云石英片岩;c—成矿早期肉红色钾长石脉沿裂隙充填后被断裂错断;d—成矿晚期与石英胶结的碳酸盐脉沿斜长角闪岩裂隙发育
样品编号 样品岩性 取样位置
早3-3 黄铁矿化石英脉型
金矿石		 坑道-150 m中段h59-5东沿
中1 石英脉型金矿石 坑道-100 m中段h60金矿脉
中4-2 蚀变岩型金矿石 坑道-100 m中段h5金矿脉
中6-2 石英脉型金矿石 坑道-100 m中段h59金矿脉
中9-1 石英脉型金矿石 坑道-150 m中段h57金矿脉
晚1-3 蚀变岩型金矿石 坑道-150 m中段h67金矿脉
晚3 石英脉型金矿石 坑道-150 m中段h67金矿脉
岩1 长英质岩脉 坑道-100 m中段h5金矿脉
岩2 长英质岩脉 坑道-100 m中段
岩3 斜长角闪岩 坑道-150 m中段
岩SZ1 二长花岗岩 钻孔ZKE1012孔深1721.47~
1724.35
围1 斜长角闪片岩 坑道-100 m中段
围3 斜长角闪片岩 坑道-150 m中段
围4 长英质岩脉 坑道-150 m中段
Table 1  全岩分析样品采样位置
序号 送样号 Al2O3 CaO TFe2O3 K2O MgO MnO Na2O P2O5 SiO2 TiO2 LOI
1 早3-3 8.000 2.089 47.95 2.442 0.869 0.019 0.169 0.191 12.43 0.171 25.14
2 中1 3.563 1.939 25.51 1.081 1.273 0.141 0.077 0.02 49.65 0.119 16.48
3 中4-2 1.056 8.298 17.26 0.278 2.960 0.542 0.049 0.01 55.29 0.050 13.98
4 中6-2 1.033 3.756 46.98 0.344 0.671 0.065 0.342 0.326 12.51 0.062 20.98
5 中9-1 3.137 4.105 12.50 0.958 2.320 0.263 0.053 0.02 66.26 0.112 10.19
6 晚1-3 2.240 4.100 22.32 0.435 1.810 0.204 0.042 0.111 52.16 0.083 13.66
7 晚3 1.822 0.381 24.97 0.541 0.169 0.013 0.048 0.250 56.18 0.067 12.45
8 岩1 14.85 6.086 4.559 2.013 2.691 0.092 4.008 0.088 59.46 0.339 5.358
9 岩2 14.70 2.859 2.951 2.674 2.259 0.074 4.331 0.07 64.00 0.216 5.574
10 岩3 14.43 3.755 9.883 1.171 6.130 0.197 2.530 0.132 58.31 0.792 2.188
11 岩SZ1 12.58 0.705 1.064 3.857 0.029 0.052 4.849 0.01 75.54 0.037 1.086
12 围1 12.70 8.366 8.009 1.493 8.035 0.346 2.449 0.09 54.71 0.387 3.009
13 围3 17.62 1.089 7.196 4.158 2.647 0.096 1.208 0.123 60.66 0.776 3.886
14 围4 13.13 5.326 2.418 3.628 0.300 0.093 4.143 0.02 68.01 0.038 2.280
Table 2  老湾金矿区岩矿石岩石化学成分及特征参数
Fig.4  稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线
Fig.5  微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网
Fig.6  老湾金矿区59号矿体304勘探线剖面[1]
元素 Au Ag Sn As Sb Hg Bi Cu Pb Zn W Mo Ba
外带 60 0.5 2.5 6 0.5 15 1.5 100 25 70 12 1 250
中带 120 1 5 12 1 30 3 200 50 140 24 2 500
内带 480 2 10 24 2 60 6 400 100 280 48 4 1000
Table 3  老湾金矿区岩石样品中元素分带参数
Fig.7  老湾金矿区59号矿体304勘探线元素异常剖析
标高 Au Ag Sn As Sb Hg Bi Cu Pb Zn W Mo Ba
0 0.010 0.008 0.108 0.014 0.174 0.052 0.004 0.002 0.089 0.326 0.001 0.019 0.202
-100 0.017 0.118 0.052 0.091 0.143 0.053 0.001 0.003 0.075 0.122 0.002 0.040 0.301
-200 0.076 0.083 0.090 0.032 0.180 0.065 0.004 0.003 0.074 0.309 0.003 0.025 0.135
-250 0.046 0.060 0.069 0.091 0.247 0.054 0.003 0.003 0.083 0.255 0.002 0.018 0.067
-350 0.053 0.062 0.046 0.028 0.306 0.049 0.002 0.041 0.095 0.199 0.001 0.015 0.104
-450 0.012 0.029 0.072 0.044 0.409 0.060 0.003 0.032 0.047 0.246 0.001 0.022 0.022
-550 0.057 0.164 0.053 0.013 0.137 0.062 0.039 0.025 0.090 0.182 0.044 0.116 0.018
-650 0.002 0.010 0.058 0.021 0.248 0.085 0.003 0.005 0.053 0.369 0.002 0.039 0.105
Table 4  老湾金矿区59号矿体304勘探线不同中段指示元素的分带指数
元素 Au Ag Sn As Sb Hg Bi Cu Pb Zn W Mo Ba
Au 1
Ag 0.582 1
Sn -0.058 -0.022 1
As 0.32 0.403 0.058 1
Sb 0.149 0.353 -0.043 0.26 1
Hg 0.265 0.205 -0.01 0.017 -0.028 1
Bi 0.258 0.376 0.031 -0.048 -0.005 0.285 1
Cu 0.66 0.435 0.004 0.178 0.029 0.075 0.194 1
Pb 0.295 0.33 0.023 0.059 0.032 0.043 0.252 0.269 1
Zn -0.055 -0.101 0.017 -0.226 0.052 0.087 0.16 -0.086 0.227 1
W 0.261 0.369 0.031 -0.03 -0.004 0.406 0.745 0.189 0.178 0.112 1
Mo 0.082 0.222 0.035 -0.075 -0.009 0.126 0.632 0.088 0.236 0.2 0.616 1
Ba -0.078 -0.079 0.054 -0.032 -0.016 -0.081 -0.048 -0.073 0.09 -0.029 -0.052 -0.015 1
Table 5  老湾金矿原生晕元素相关系数矩阵
Fig.8  老湾金矿原生晕元素R型聚类分析
元素 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13
Au 0.6537 -0.5102 -0.1193 0.3056 -0.1009 -0.0322 -0.0075 -0.1797 -0.1028 -0.0002 -0.2744 0.1996 -0.1882
Ag 0.7803 -0.3741 0.1133 -0.165 0.0023 0.0408 -0.0086 -0.0109 0.0927 -0.1557 -0.2885 -0.2636 0.1542
Sn 0.007 0.0482 0.2407 0.1958 0.6634 -0.6233 -0.2122 -0.1194 0.1139 0.0035 -0.0163 -0.0118 -0.0084
As 0.2662 -0.6014 0.1152 -0.3151 0.2751 -0.0556 -0.0119 0.4489 -0.3957 0.0179 0.1253 0.0427 -0.0118
Sb 0.1728 -0.308 0.4332 -0.6867 -0.0763 0.0454 -0.0817 -0.3496 0.2029 0.1078 0.1225 0.0921 -0.0549
Hg 0.3923 0.1263 -0.527 -0.1104 0.0235 0.1353 -0.7007 0.0082 0.0123 0.1178 0.0752 -0.0888 -0.0527
Bi 0.7044 0.4641 -0.0472 -0.122 0.1198 0.0163 0.224 0.0474 0.0683 -0.3456 0.1731 -0.0905 -0.205
Cu 0.5789 -0.4101 -0.0065 0.4511 -0.1663 -0.0848 0.1184 -0.2552 -0.0838 0.1085 0.3777 -0.111 0.0734
Pb 0.4643 0.0519 0.515 0.3382 -0.1841 0.1283 -0.203 0.4263 0.3375 0.0486 0.0518 0.0995 0.0032
Zn 0.0341 0.4838 0.5176 0.0166 -0.4151 -0.2043 -0.2973 -0.1126 -0.4057 -0.1159 -0.0432 -0.0397 -0.0053
W 0.7525 0.4628 -0.1885 -0.1103 0.1397 0.0219 0.0271 -0.0879 -0.0658 -0.0858 0.029 0.2884 0.2187
Mo 0.5676 0.5575 0.0904 -0.0854 0.0944 -0.0072 0.2695 0.0498 -0.0887 0.4847 -0.1146 -0.0945 -0.051
Ba -0.1147 0.0517 0.3502 0.2427 0.4962 0.6975 -0.0878 -0.1976 -0.1471 -0.0301 -0.0054 -0.0226 -0.0082
累积因子方差贡献率/% 24.925 40.4867 50.2211 59.0933 67.2097 74.6508 80.9417 86.1843 90.446 93.8328 96.8047 98.7449 100
Table 6  老湾金矿原生晕初始因子载荷矩阵
元素 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7
Au 0.2629 1.0285 -0.2504 -0.3168 -0.007 -0.0797 -0.331
Ag 0.5292 0.8468 -0.1009 -0.7169 0.0066 -0.0159 -0.3369
Sn 0.0347 -0.0028 0.0368 0.0473 -0.9899 0.0546 0.0624
As -0.0593 0.4274 -0.4118 -0.713 -0.1947 0.0169 -0.0714
Sb 0.0152 0.0444 0.1121 -0.898 0.103 -0.0337 0.0576
Hg 0.3359 0.1942 -0.0708 -0.0217 0.053 -0.0801 -1.0787
Bi 1.0393 0.2991 0.1658 -0.1066 -0.0152 -0.0176 -0.2909
Cu 0.2534 0.9792 -0.1071 -0.1651 -0.0226 -0.0664 -0.1118
Pb 0.3696 0.5493 0.6012 -0.191 -0.0376 0.3176 -0.0478
Zn 0.2102 -0.2072 0.9589 0.0305 -0.0281 -0.0799 0.0963
W 1.0474 0.3375 0.1248 -0.0782 -0.0379 -0.0408 -0.5458
Mo 0.9661 0.1437 0.3095 -0.0225 -0.0378 0.0253 -0.1013
Ba -0.0595 -0.0837 0.0257 0.0544 -0.0503 0.9715 0.107
主因子方差贡献 2.3886 2.2404 1.2588 1.4884 1.0184 1.0401 1.0877
累积因子方差贡献率/% 24.925 40.4867 50.2211 59.0933 67.2097 74.6508 80.9417
Table 7  老湾金矿原生晕斜交因子模型矩阵
Fig.9  老湾金矿原生晕分带指数垂向变化
Fig.10  F2因子得分等值线分布
Fig.11  钻孔ZKE3042综合柱状图
注:Au、Hg含量单位为10-9,其余元素含量单位为10-6
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