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物探与化探  2024, Vol. 48 Issue (1): 228-236    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2024.1136
  生态地质调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
大气降尘对土壤主要环境元素的累积影响及评价——以山东省高密市为例
姜冰1,2,3(), 张德明1, 刘阳1
1.山东省第四地质矿产勘查院,山东 潍坊 261021
2.山东省地质矿产勘查开发局 海岸带地质环境保护重点实验室,山东 潍坊 261021
3.山东科技大学 地球科学与工程学院,山东 青岛 266590
Cumulative effects of atmospheric dust fall on major environmental elements in soils and their evaluation: A case study of Gaomi City, Shandong Province, China
JIANG Bing1,2,3(), ZHANG De-Ming1, LIU Yang1
1. Shandong Provincial No.4 Institute of Geological and Mineral Survey, Weifang 261021, China
2. Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Geological Environment Protection of Shandong Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Weifang 261021, China
3. College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
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摘要 

为研究山东省高密市大气降尘主要环境元素的污染分布特征,探究其对表生环境中土壤的影响效应,对高密市大气降尘进行了系统采集、测试,取得了Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cr、Cd、As、Hg、Se等9种环境元素测试数据,计算其年沉降通量、年增量,模拟了各元素达到限定值所需的最小年沉降通量,并对污染水平进行了评价。结果表明,大气降尘中各元素含量平均值均高于土壤背景值,表现为不同程度的富集。年沉降通量Cu与Pb呈显著正相关,Zn、Ni、Cr、Cd、As、Hg多呈现两两正相关,Se与其他元素相关性不显著,相关性越强则同源性越高。大气降尘是土壤主要环境元素的一个输入端元,其导致的表层土壤各元素年增速率为0.03% ~ 0.52%,多年后Cd最接近土壤限定值。地累积指数评价显示,Ni、As、Cr为无污染至轻度污染,Se以重度污染为主,Cd、Zn为中度污染至重度污染,Hg、Cu、Pb以轻度污染至中度污染为主,污染程度排序为Se>Cd>Zn>Hg>Cu>Pb>Ni>As>Cr。
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姜冰
张德明
刘阳
关键词 ： 大气降尘,  环境元素,  年沉降通量,  年增量,  地累积指数    
Abstract：

This study aims to investigate the pollution distribution of major environmental elements of atmospheric dust fall in Gaomi City, Shandong Province, as well as its effects on soils in a supergene environment. Hence, this study systematically collected and tested the atmospheric dust fall from Gaomi City, obtaining the testing data of nine environmental elements, including Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, and Se. Furthermore, this study calculated the annual sediment fluxes and annual increments of these elements, simulated the minimum annual sediment fluxes for them to reach limit values, and evaluated their pollution levels. The results show that the average contents of various elements in atmospheric dust fall all exceeded their soil background values, exhibiting different degrees of enrichment. In terms of annual sediment fluxes, Cu was significantly positively correlated with Pb, while Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, As, and Hg were mostly positively correlated in pairs, and Se showed a non-significant correlation with other elements. A higher correlation suggests a higher homology. Atmospheric dust fall, serving as an input end member of major environmental elements in soils, resulted in annual growth rates of various elements in topsoils ranging from 0.03%~0.52%. Cd would be the closest to its soil limit value over a few years. As revealed by geoaccumulation index-based evaluation, Ni, As, and Cr exhibited non-pollution to slight pollution, Se primarily manifested heavy pollution, Cd and Zn displayed moderate to heavy pollution, and Hg, Cu, and Pb mainly showed slight to moderate pollution, corresponding to a pollution order of Se>Cd>Zn>Hg>Cu>Pb>Ni>As>Cr.
Key words： atmospheric dust fall    environmental element    annual sediment flux    annual increment    geoaccumulation index
收稿日期: 2023-03-24      修回日期: 2023-06-09      出版日期: 2024-02-20
ZTFLH:  X513  
基金资助:山东省地质矿产勘查开发局地质勘查引领示范和科技创新项目(KC202207)
作者简介: 姜冰(1984-),男,高级工程师,主要从事生态环境地球化学研究工作。Email:jbing08@163.com
引用本文:   
姜冰, 张德明, 刘阳. 大气降尘对土壤主要环境元素的累积影响及评价——以山东省高密市为例[J]. 物探与化探, 2024, 48(1): 228-236.
JIANG Bing, ZHANG De-Ming, LIU Yang. Cumulative effects of atmospheric dust fall on major environmental elements in soils and their evaluation: A case study of Gaomi City, Shandong Province, China. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(1): 228-236.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2024.1136      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I1/228
Fig.1  研究区采样点位
元素 最大值 最小值 平均值 标准差 变异
系数		 土壤背
景值[29]
Cu 296.2 30.7 67.4 59.4 0.88 17.7
Pb 899.4 21.3 91.8 153.9 1.68 23.67
Zn 746.5 157.2 374.5 188.3 0.50 45.29
Ni 53.4 14.8 32.6 9.4 0.29 21.9
Cr 153.5 19.3 64.7 38.5 0.60 59.62
Cd 1.95 0.33 1.22 0.42 0.34 0.10
As 20.30 2.58 10.33 3.44 0.33 8.75
Hg 0.180 0.028 0.098 0.033 0.34 0.0266
Se 5.41 0.08 3.22 1.22 0.38 0.17
Table 1  大气降尘中主要环境元素统计参数
元素 最大值 最小值 平均值 标准差 变异系数
Cu 26.66 2.04 5.67 4.77 0.84
Pb 91.23 2.44 8.08 15.76 1.95
Zn 100.05 10.49 33.85 21.11 0.62
Ni 5.41 1.63 2.78 1.00 0.36
Cr 14.98 1.86 5.67 3.55 0.63
Cd 0.15 0.04 0.10 0.02 0.20
As 3.20 0.30 0.91 0.54 0.59
Hg 0.0174 0.0045 0.0084 0.0035 0.42
Se 0.44 0.00 0.27 0.08 0.30
Table 2  主要环境元素年沉降通量
元素 主因子
F1 F2 F3
Ni 0.919 0.072 0.168
As 0.877 0.054 -0.193
Zn 0.760 -0.019 0.139
Cd 0.749 -0.028 0.164
Cr 0.705 -0.012 0.285
Hg 0.627 0.471 0.199
Pb -0.097 0.956 0.157
Cu 0.093 0.935 -0.148
Se 0.225 0.031 0.952
特征根 3.709 2.021 1.187
方差/% 41.210 22.457 13.184
贡献率/% 41.210 63.667 76.851
Table 3  主因子旋转载荷
元素 Cu Pb Zn Ni Cr Cd As Hg Se
Cu 1
Pb 0.840** 1
Zn 0.087 -0.063 1
Ni 0.100 0.014 0.641** 1
Cr 0.021 -0.001 0.427* 0.720** 1
Cd 0.108 -0.103 0.629** 0.652** 0.387* 1
As 0.114 -0.053 0.528** 0.724** 0.548** 0.531** 1
Hg 0.342 0.360 0.410* 0.672** 0.404* 0.286 0.577** 1
Se -0.079 0.160 0.300 0.328 0.356 0.333 0.078 0.340 1
Table 4  主要环境元素年沉降通量相关性分析
Fig.2  主要环境元素年沉降通量空间分布
元素 最大值 最小值 平均值 标准差 变异
系数		 年均增长
速率/%
Cu 104.13 7.98 22.15 18.63 0.84 0.13
Pb 356.39 9.52 31.55 61.56 1.95 0.13
Zn 390.81 40.96 132.21 82.46 0.62 0.29
Ni 21.15 6.38 10.87 3.90 0.36 0.05
Cr 58.53 7.27 22.15 13.87 0.63 0.04
Cd 0.57 0.15 0.39 0.09 0.23 0.39
As 12.52 1.15 3.57 2.09 0.59 0.04
Hg 0.0678 0.0175 0.0329 0.0137 0.42 0.12
Se 1.74 0.02 1.04 0.30 0.29 0.61
Table 5  大气降尘导致的表层土壤主要环境元素年增量
元素
土壤背景值
限定值		 当前年沉
降通量		 所需最小年沉
降通量(10年)
10-6 10-6 mg·(m2·a)-1 mg·(m2·a)-1
Cu 17.7 50.0 5.67 827.0
Pb 23.67 70.00 8.08 1186.00
Zn 45.29 200.00 33.85 3961.00
Ni 21.9 60.0 2.78 975.0
Cr 59.62 150.00 5.67 2314.00
Cd 0.10 0.30 0.10 5.10
As 8.75 30.00 0.91 544.00
Hg 0.0266 1.3000 0.0084 32.6000
Se 0.17 3.00 0.266 72.40
Table 6  达到限定值所需的最小年沉降通量及其与当前年沉降通量的对比
Fig.3  主要环境元素地累积指数箱式图
Fig.4  主要环境元素地累积指数空间分布
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