分频AVO技术在安岳气田须二段储层含气性分析中的应用

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2023.1273

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摘要

四川盆地安岳气田须二段致密气储量丰富,地质特征相对复杂,常规 AVO分析方法预测储层含气性分布的精度较低,需要研究采用更加精细的地震预测方法。基于单井岩石物理和正演模型特征分析,采用基于小波变换下的分频AVO反演,优选出优势频段的AVO属性进行融合构建含气性因子,进而对安岳气田须二段有利含气富集区带进行分布预测。结果表明,须二段气层主要表现为Ⅳ类AVO响应异常。优势频段35~45 Hz的气、水层AVO响应比全频段的AVO响应的差异特征较明显,差异性更大,更易突出含气响应特征;AVO含气性敏感属性为相对横波速度差异、相对泊松比差和流体因子,经融合得到含气指示因子的负异常区域指示含气有利区;井震对比可知优势频段AVO属性的含气性预测效果较好。该方法以期为非常规油气勘探提供技术支撑。

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	唐小玲

关键词 ：分频AVO, 小波变换, 优势频率, 致密气砂岩, 储层预测

Abstract：

The second member of the Xujiahe Formation (the Xu-2 Member) in the Anyue area of the Sichuan Basin enjoys abundant tight gas reserves.However,this member has complex geological characteristics,and conventional amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis has relatively low precision in predicting the gas-bearing property of the reservoir in this member.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a more fine-scale seismic prediction method. Based on the analysis of single-well petrophysical characteristics and forward models,the AVO attributes of the dominant frequency range were selected through the frequency division AVO inversion based on wavelet transform.Then,these AVO attributes were fused to form the gas-bearing indicator,using which the distribution of favorable gas-enrichment zones in the Xu-2 Member of the Anyue area was predicted.The results are as follows:The gas zones in the Xu-2 Member primarily present class IV AVO anomalies;For the gas and water zones,their AVO responses in the dominant frequency range (35~45 Hz) differed significantly from those in the full frequency band,and their gas-bearing response characteristics were more pronounced in the dominant frequency range;The AVO attributes sensitive to the gas-bearing property included the difference in the S-wave velocity,the difference in Poisson's ratio, and the fluid factor.The gas-bearing indicator was obtained through the fusion of these AVO attributes,and the negative anomalies of the gas-bearing indicator were indicative of favorable gas-bearing zones;The seismic-log correlation shows that the AVO attributes in the dominant frequency range yielded positive gas-bearing prediction effects.The method proposed in this study is expected to provide technical support for unconventional oil and gas exploration.

Key words： frequency division AVO wavelet transform dominant frequency tight gas sandstone reservoir prediction

收稿日期: 2022-06-04 修回日期: 2023-03-21 出版日期: 2023-06-20

ZTFLH:

P631.4

基金资助:国家科技重大专项课题“致密气有效储层预测技术”(2016ZX05047-002)

通讯作者: 金吉能(1986-),男,副教授,主要从事储层地球物理表征和非常规油气资源评价方面的研究工作。Email:Jinjineng@yangtzeu.edu.cn

作者简介: 宋晨(1997-),女,现正攻读矿物学、岩石学、矿床学专业硕士学位,主要从事地球物理研究工作。Email:390172641@qq.com

引用本文:

宋晨, 金吉能, 潘仁芳, 朱博远, 喻志骅, 唐小玲. 分频AVO技术在安岳气田须二段储层含气性分析中的应用[J]. 物探与化探, 2023, 47(3): 681-689.
SONG Chen, JIN Ji-Neng, PAN Ren-Fang, ZHU Bo-Yuan, YU Zhi-Hua, TANG Xiao-Ling. Application of frequency division AVO in the gas-bearing analysis of reservoir in the Xu-2 Member of the Anyue gas field. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2023, 47(3): 681-689.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2023.1273 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I3/681

Fig.1 不同流体类型储层井旁道频谱差异

Fig.2 典型气、水层地震频谱特征

Fig.3 A井及B井正演模拟
a—A井测井曲线与正演道集;b—B井测井曲线与正演道集;c—A井AVO曲线;d—B井AVO曲线

Fig.4 研究区多井气、水层P-G交会

Fig.5 A井及B井分频AVO曲线
a—A井气层;b—B井水层

Fig.6 A井气层及B井水层分频P-G交会

Fig.7 A井气层(a)及B井水层(b)的叠前地震道集

Fig.8 A井气层(a)及B井水层(b)的原始叠前道集振幅响应特征

Fig.9 A井气层(a)及B井水层(b)的35~45 Hz角道集

Fig.10 35~45 Hz分频数据体在A井气层(a)及B井水层(b)的井旁的振幅响应曲线

AVO属性	物理意义	计算公式
差异横波速度	反映出横波速度的变化率特征	$D V S = 1 + 0.25 k × C - 0.25 k × B - A$
差异密度	反映密度的变化率特征	$D D N = 2 A - C$
差异纵波速度	反映出纵波速度的变化率特征	$D V P = 2 C$
流体因子	显示与Castagna方程不符的含油气区	$F F = R p - 0.58 R s$
泊松比	反映岩层泊松比的变化特征	$P R = a × A + b × B$
横波反射系数	反映横波阻抗的特征	$R V S = a × A - b × B$

Table 1 AVO属性物理意义及公式

Fig.11 多井AVO属性与含气性响应吻合度对比

Fig.12 Yue111—Yue118—Yue145井连线的35~45 Hz优势频段属性预测剖面

Fig.13 须二段上亚段DHI含气性预测平面对比

Table 2 AVO含气性异常响应对比

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