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Assessment and trend prediction of the environmental capacity of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Dongping Lake, North China |
YU Lin-Song1,2(), HU Lei2,3, WANG Dong-Ping2,3, LIU Hui3, CHEN Zi-Wan4(), LI Hua-Yong1, DENG Huan-Guang5 |
1. School of Resources Enviroment and Tourism, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China 2. Shandong Geological Exploration Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan 250013, China 3. Shandong Provincial Institute of Physical & Chemical Exploration, Jinan 250013, China 4. Yunnan Institute of Geological Survey,Kunming 650216, China 5. School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China |
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Abstract The environmental capacity of lake sediments serves as a significant indicator for assessing the environmental carrying capacity of lake systems, effectively reflecting the stability and sustainability of lake systems.This study investigated the Dongping Lake in the lower reaches of the Yellow River basin by determining 11 heavy metal elements, including As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Tl, and Zn, in the sampled surface sediments. It delved into the spatial distributions of heavy metal contents and environmental carrying capacity using statistical analysis and geographical information system (GIS) technology. Moreover, it predicted the trend of environmental capacity changes of heavy metals at a centennial scale. The results indicate that: (1) The maximum content of As in the surface sediments of the study area exceededits risk screening value (allowable limit) for soil contamination, whereas those of other elements were below corresponding allowable limits;(2) The average single environmental capacity index (Pi) values of heavy metal elements decreased in the order of Hg, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd, Cu, Co, Mn, Tl, and As. Among these heavy metal elements, As displayed overload level and warning level points, whereas Mn and Tl manifested warning level points. The composite capacity index (Pi) was calculated to be between medium and high capacity levels. The composite capacity level measured based on the inferior level of Pi suggests a medium capacity to overload level distribution in the study area;(3) The static annual capacity limits of heavy metal elements decreased in the order of Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, As, Co, Tl, Cd, and Hg, whereas the dynamic annual capacity limits decreased in the order of Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, Co, As, Hg, Cd, and Tl. The static and dynamic capacity limits will show a steeply to gently decreasing trend in the 5~40 years and 5~15 years, respectively, followed by a gentle and stable trend. Regardless of the number of years, the average dynamic annual capacity limit is higher than the average static one, suggesting a high environmental carrying capacity.This study reveals the current status and future trends of environmental capacity in the Dongping Lake, providing a scientific basis for the environmental quality assessment and ecological conservation and restoration of the lake.
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Received: 09 August 2023
Published: 19 September 2024
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Geographical location and sampling point distribution map of the study area
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序号 | 指标 | 测试方法及仪器设备 | 检出限 | 1 | pH | 电位法(PHS-3C, 上海精密科学仪器有限公司, 中国) | 0.01 | 2 | As | 氢化物—原子荧光光谱法(AFS9750, 北京海光仪器, 中国) | 1 | 3 | Cd、Co、Cu、Ni、Pb、Tl | 等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS, Element XR, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) | 0.03、1、1、2、2、0.1 | 4 | Cr、Mn、Zn | 等离子体光学发射光谱法(ICP-OES, Optima 8000DV, PerkinElmer, USA) | 5、10、2 | 5 | Hg | 冷蒸气—原子荧光光谱法(AFS9750, 北京海光仪器, 中国) | 0.0005 |
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pH and heavy metal element analysis methods and detection limits
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参数 | As | Cd | Co | Cr | Cu | Hg | Mn | Ni | Pb | Tl | Zn | 均值 | 18.27 | 0.223 | 16.81 | 71.64 | 38.13 | 0.089 | 689.0 | 39.96 | 29.08 | 0.689 | 88.30 | 中值 | 19.10 | 0.237 | 17.50 | 72.20 | 39.80 | 0.044 | 662.0 | 41.70 | 29.90 | 0.685 | 86.80 | 众数 | 19.80 | 0.064 | 14.90 | 48.30 | 36.10 | 0.050 | 486.7 | 44.70 | 29.70 | 0.660 | 86.20 | 最小值 | 9.33 | 0.064 | 10.70 | 48.30 | 17.50 | 0.021 | 486.7 | 24.20 | 19.90 | 0.560 | 45.00 | 最大值 | 31.00 | 0.377 | 23.50 | 92.50 | 64.60 | 1.536 | 1007.2 | 52.00 | 37.50 | 0.870 | 214.00 | 标准差 | 5.13 | 0.08 | 2.59 | 9.14 | 9.78 | 0.25 | 126.04 | 6.26 | 4.02 | 0.07 | 27.23 | 变异系数 | 28.1 | 36.4 | 15.4 | 12.6 | 25.6 | 285.6 | 18.3 | 15.7 | 13.8 | 9.5 | 30.8 | 偏度 | 0.28 | -0.19 | -0.24 | -0.28 | 0.09 | 5.88 | 0.63 | -0.87 | -0.45 | 0.56 | 2.82 | 峰度 | 0.11 | -0.45 | 1.04 | 0.54 | 0.75 | 34.71 | -0.21 | 0.84 | -0.02 | 1.31 | 13.29 | 允许限值 | 25 | 0.6 | 35.4 | 250 | 100 | 3.4 | 1171 | 190 | 170 | 0.90 | 300 | 东平湖周边耕地土壤[30] | 13.10 | 0.130 | - | 80.5 | - | 0.040 | - | - | 25.3 | - | - | 2012年东平湖表层沉积物[28] | 25.30 | 0.285 | - | 89.30 | 52.00 | 0.0550 | - | - | 35.50 | - | 100.50 | 泰安市土壤地球化学背景值[26] | 7.40 | 0.131 | 12.20 | 58.80 | 22.90 | 0.030 | 576 | 27.10 | 22.60 | 0.59 | 63.60 | 山东省湖泊表层沉积物背景值[39] | 17.7 | 0.225 | 16.4 | 86.2 | 37.5 | 0.046 | 806 | 39.8 | 29.1 | 0.69 | 88.8 | 山东省沼泽表层沉积物背景值[39] | 17.6 | 0.176 | 16.7 | 88.8 | 36.1 | 0.029 | 869 | 43.6 | 27.1 | 0.71 | 84.6 | 中国淡水湖泊表层沉积物背景值[40] | 12.10 | 0.220 | - | 85.00 | 32.30 | 0.066 | - | 36.70 | 33.10 | - | 93.00 |
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Descriptive statistics of heavy metals in surface sediments of the study area
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容量等级 | As | Cd | Co | Cr | Cu | Hg | Mn | Ni | Pb | Tl | Zn | PI | 高容量水平 | 0 | 11.4 | 5.7 | 8.6 | 5.7 | 0 | 14.3 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 中容量水平 | 14.3 | 62.9 | 82.9 | 91.4 | 74.3 | 97.1 | 54.3 | 94.3 | 94.3 | 45.7 | 88.6 | 82.8 | 低容量水平 | 40.0 | 25.7 | 11.4 | 0.0 | 20.0 | 2.9 | 28.6 | 0 | 0 | 42.9 | 2.9 | 8.6 | 警戒水平 | 34.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 过载水平 | 11.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Pi范围 | -0.34~ 0.89 | 0.48~ 1.14 | 0.51~ 1.06 | 0.82~ 1.05 | 0.46~ 1.07 | 0.55~ 1.00 | 0.27~ 1.11 | 0.85~ 1.02 | 0.90~ 1.02 | 0.04~ 1.17 | 0.37~ 1.08 | 0.68~ 1.04 |
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Proportion of samples with different heavy metal environmental capacity levels to total samples %
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Classification of heavy metal environmental capacity in the study area
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Spatial distribution of heavy metal concentration (a) and environmental capacity (b) note:the sequence of elements in Fig.a and b is As,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Hg,Mn,Ni,Pb,Tl,Zn
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环境容量 | As | Cd | Co | Cr | Cu | Hg | Mn | Ni | Pb | Tl | Zn | 静态总容量 | 39.60 | 1.06 | 52.20 | 430.20 | 173.48 | 7.58 | 1381.5 | 366.53 | 331.65 | 0.65 | 531.90 | 现存容量 | 最小值 | -13.53~ -0.27 | 0.50 | 26.73 | 354.44 | 79.66 | 4.19 | 368.55 | 310.60 | 298.06 | 0.02 | 194.50 | 最大值 | 35.27 | 1.21 | 55.47 | 453.86 | 185.69 | 7.60 | 1539.74 | 373.15 | 337.84 | 0.76 | 573.68 | 平均值 | 17.87 | 0.85 | 41.82 | 401.32 | 139.23 | 7.45 | 1084.5 | 337.58 | 317.08 | 0.47 | 476.42 |
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Static total capacity and existing total capacity of heavy metals kg·hm-2
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Static (a) and dynamic (b) annual capacities of heavy metals in sediments in the study area
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