烟台市某化工集聚区浅层地下水化学特征分析

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2024.1372

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Abstract

To investigate thehydrochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater in a chemical industrial agglomeration area in Yantai City, this study collected 12 sets of groundwater samples and one set of surface water samples from the study area and its surrounding areas. It analyzed the hydrochemical characteristics ofgroundwater by integrating various methods like mathematical statistics, Piper and Gibbsdiagrams, correlation analysis,the ion ratio method, and principal component analysis. Moreover, it explored the impacts of production activities in thestudy area on the groundwater environment. The results show that:(1) The shallow groundwater in the study area was neutral to slightly alkaline, with the primary hydrochemical type being the SO₄-Ca·Na type, followed by the SO₄·HCO₃-Ca·Mg, HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na, SO₄·HCO₃·Cl-Ca·Na, SO₄·Cl-Ca, SO₄·HCO₃-Ca, and SO₄-Na types;(2) The chemical composition of shallow groundwater originated principally from the combined effects of evaporite and silicate dissolution; (3) Chemical enterprises contributed significantly to groundwater contamination. A nearercontamination source is associated with higher ion concentrations,suggesting more severe groundwater contamination. Along the groundwater flow direction, contaminants in upper reaches are prone to migrate and accumulate toward lower reaches,aggravating groundwater contamination in lower reaches.

Key words： shallow groundwater hydrochemical characteristics chemical industry agglomeration area correlation

Received: 28 August 2023 Published: 19 September 2024

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	Sheng-Tao HU
	Xiang-Heng ZHANG
	Ming-Zhi HAN
	Shi-Kai TANG
	Lin-Hong YU
	Jin-Peng LI
	Jie ZHANG
	Guo-Peng ZHAO
	Ying BAI

Cite this article:

Sheng-Tao HU,Xiang-Heng ZHANG,Ming-Zhi HAN, et al. Hydrochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater in a chemical industry agglomeration area of Yantai City[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(4): 1157-1164.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/10.11720/wtyht.2024.1372 OR https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/Y2024/V48/I4/1157

The distribution map of groundwater sample collection in the study area

主要指标		K⁺	Ca²⁺	Na⁺	Mg²⁺	$H C O 3 -$	$S O 4 2 -$	Cl^-	TDS	pH
上游区		3.03	88.94	59.79	17.01	144.00	175.72	81.97	604.80	8.58
内部区	平均值	2.58	332.58	190.09	71.99	243.50	1044.19	253.31	2084.17	7.72
内部区	变异系数	0.78	0.68	0.74	0.77	0.22	0.85	0.66	0.67	0.07
下游区	平均值	5.94	301.89	124.88	78.55	194.80	1140.96	109.99	1908.84	7.54
下游区	变异系数	0.50	0.63	0.33	0.76	0.22	0.81	0.28	0.61	0.02
总	平均值	4.01	299.49	152.06	70.14	214.92	1012.14	179.32	1887.83	7.72
总	变异系数	0.90	0.69	0.74	0.81	0.26	0.89	0.79	0.68	0.07

Analysis and statistics of main indexes of groundwater

Groundwater hydrochemistry Piper trilinear diagram

Distribution map of anion types in shallow groundwater in the study area

指标	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Na⁺	Mg²⁺	$H C O 3 -$	$S O 4 2 -$	Cl^-	pH	TDS
K⁺	1	0.280	0.135	0.540	-0.337	0.486	-0.302	-0.057	0.367
Ca²⁺		1	0.793^**	0.797^**	-0.537	0.917^**	0.618^*	-0.269	0.969^**
Na⁺			1	0.816^**	-0.206	0.834^**	0.555	-0.554	0.883^**
Mg²⁺				1	-0.348	0.956^**	0.175	-0.500	0.911^**
$H C O 3 -$					1	-0.494	-0.151	-0.301	-0.474
$S O 4 2 -$						1	0.313	-0.427	0.974^**
Cl^-							1	-0.008	0.515
pH								1	-0.390
TDS									1

Correlation coefficient between main ions in shallow groundwater

Gibbs diagram of shallow groundwater in the study area

Ion ratio diagram of shallow groundwater in the study area

The ion concentration curve of sampling points in the study area

Eigenvalue and principal component contribution rate and cumulative contribution rate

指标	起始值	提取值
K⁺	1.000	0.888
Ca²⁺	1.000	0.960
Na⁺	1.000	0.915
Mg²⁺	1.000	0.942
$H C O 3 -$	1.000	0.817
$S O 4 2 -$	1.000	0.994
Cl^-	1.000	0.980
$N O 3 -$	1.000	0.811
pH	1.000	0.861
总硬度	1.000	0.986
总固体	1.000	0.997
COD_Mn	1.000	0.973

Variable commonality

指标	主成分1	主成分2	主成分3	主成分4
K⁺	0.066	-0.166	-0.418	0.382
Ca²⁺	0.149	0.109	0.014	0.016
Na⁺	0.140	-0.027	0.214	-0.058
Mg²⁺	0.146	-0.096	-0.092	-0.142
$H C O 3 -$	-0.073	-0.211	0.398	0.029
$S O 4 2 -$	0.154	-0.038	-0.087	-0.082
Cl^-	0.074	0.283	0.363	0.226
$N O 3 -$	-0.009	0.408	0.037	0.108
pH	-0.069	0.279	-0.273	0.333
总硬度	0.155	0.047	-0.020	-0.035
总固体	0.156	0.036	0.007	-0.034
COD_Mn	0.043	-0.187	0.182	0.795

Principal component score coefficient

The principal component comprehensive score and ranking of groundwater quality in each sample point of the study area

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