大功率—超大功率电(磁)探测技术进展与展望

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2025.0178

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摘要

电(磁)法探测技术历经百年发展,从早期的直流电阻率法、激发极化法,逐步发展为涵盖大地电磁法、人工源电磁法及各种混场源电磁法的地球物理探测技术体系。然而,在我国开启新一轮找矿突破战略行动的新阶段,出现了深部找矿需求增加、人文噪声干扰加剧及三维结构解释不足等问题,严重制约了传统电(磁)法的应用效果。为突破技术瓶颈,大功率—超大功率电(磁)法技术成为关键发展方向之一。大功率—超大功率电(磁)探测技术通过增大发射电流,可以压制人文噪声、增大探测深度,有助于实现高分辨、多参数的三维探测,推动了方法技术、观测平台以及应用场景的拓展与创新。本文梳理了大功率—超大功率电(磁)法仪器发展历程与相关技术研究现状,并指出激发极化法真三维全波形采集与三维反演、张量可控源电磁法采集与三维反演、时频电磁法多参数联合约束反演及广域电磁法多分量全区探测等技术,可以显著提升深部目标体的探测能力。未来需进一步攻克各向异性三维反演、带场源全域反演以及复杂约束下极化率、磁化率提取等问题,推动电(磁)法向大深度、高精度、智能化方向发展,更好地服务新一轮找矿突破战略行动。

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	庞振山

关键词 ：大功率—超大功率, 电磁探测, 新一轮找矿突破

Abstract：

Over the past century, electromagnetic exploration technology has evolved from direct current resistivity and induced polarization methods to a comprehensive geophysical system. Yet, in China's new mineral exploration phase, challenges like deep-mining needs, cultural noise, and weak 3D interpretation limit traditional methods. High-power-ultrahigh-power electromagnetic technology, by boosting transmission current, combats these issues. It enhances detection depth, enables 3D exploration, and drives technological and application innovation. This paper reviews the development of high-power-ultrahigh-power electromagnetic instruments and current research. It emphasizes that technologies like true 3D full-waveform IP collection and inversion, tensor CSAMT collection and inversion, and multi-parameter joint inversion of time-and frequency-domain EM methods can strengthen deep-target detection. Future research should tackle anisotropic 3D inversion, full-domain inversion with a field source, and extracting polarization and magnetization rates under complex constraints. These advances will propel electromagnetic methods toward greater depth, precision, and intelligence, supporting China's renewed mineral exploration efforts.

Key words： high-power-ultrahigh-power electromagnetic exploration new round of mineral exploration breakthrough

收稿日期: 2025-05-26 修回日期: 2025-06-11 出版日期: 2025-08-20

ZTFLH:

P631.1

基金资助:深地国家科技重大专项“罗布莎及邻区蛇绿岩型铬铁矿定位机制与勘查增储示范”之课题三“蛇绿岩型铬铁矿精细探测技术”;中国地质调查局项目(DD20230355);中国地质调查局项目(DD20230356);云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202402AB080006-2)

通讯作者: 陈辉(1986-),男,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事找矿预测研究工作。Email:cgschenhui@163.com

作者简介: 王珺璐(1988-),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事综合地球物理探测技术研究与找矿预测工作。Email:wangjunlu2007@126.com

引用本文:

王珺璐, 陈辉, 罗先中, 张晓飞, 林品荣, 俞炳, 庞振山. 大功率—超大功率电(磁)探测技术进展与展望[J]. 物探与化探, 2025, 49(4): 755-767.
WANG Jun-Lu, CHEN Hui, LUO Xian-Zhong, ZHANG Xiao-Fei, LIN Pin-Rong, YU Bing, PANG Zhen-Shan. High-power-ultrahigh-power electromagnetic exploration technology: Progress and outlook. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(4): 755-767.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.0178 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I4/755

Fig.1 云南某矿区0线(a)和8线(b)激电中梯扫面大功率大极距与小功率小极距测量结果对比

Table 1 常见大功率电磁法仪器设备统计

Fig.2 不同三维观测装置的示意
a—使用多芯电缆的多分支布局的S形电极排列^[43];b—双重偏移极—偶极阵列^[45];c—使用超大功率分布式采集系统的单极—L形偶极阵列^[49]

Fig.3 伪三维与真三维电阻率成像结果对比^[23]
a1—使用SN向发射、SN向接收的三维数据(伪三维);b1—EW使用EW向发射、EW向接收的三维数据(伪三维);c1—SN向和EW向分别发射、观测点矢量接收的三维数据(真三维);a2、b2和c2分别是从a1、b1 和c1三维结果中截取的剖面

Fig.4 大功率张量CSAMT和MT二维剖面结果对比^[57]
a—大功率张量CSAMT二维反演结果;b—MT结果;c—岩心测量结果与张量CSAMT、MT的对比

Fig.5 中东PM 探区TFEM 实测数据反演结果^[7]
a—约束界面的电阻率反演剖面;b—约束界面和电阻率的极化率反演剖面

Fig.6 WFEM与CSAMT一维数值模拟(a)及地震勘探应用效果(b)的对比^[5,29]
a1—CSAMT一维数值模拟结果;a2—WFEM的E_x分量一维数值模拟结果;a3—WFEM的H_y分量一维数值模拟结果;b1—为WFEM应用效果;b2—地震成像结果

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