河南灵宝董家埝银矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2023.1095

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摘要

董家埝银矿位于小秦岭南缘,受小河断裂的次级构造控制,是小秦岭南带首次发现的大型贵金属矿床。矿床的热液成矿期分为3个阶段:石英—黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英—多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅱ)和石英—碳酸岩化阶段(Ⅲ),其中石英—多金属硫化物阶段为主要成矿阶段。矿体主要发育气液两相包裹体(W型)、含CO₂包裹体(C型)及纯CO₂包裹体(PC型)3种类型,石英—黄铁矿阶段主要发育C型、W型和少量PC型包裹体,石英—多金属硫化物阶段主要发育W型和少量C型包裹体。第Ⅰ及第Ⅱ成矿阶段的石英流体包裹体的均一温度范围分别为151~270 ℃和126~240 ℃,且呈降低趋势;盐度范围分别为3.8%~22.42% NaCleqv和4.16%~20.48% NaCleqv,整体变化不大,属于低盐度环境;CO₂由富转贫。估算成矿压力为22.08~76.6 MPa,成矿深度3.77~7.13 km,矿床类型为低盐度中低温中深成热液型银矿床。

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	刘畅
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关键词 ：董家埝银矿床, 流体包裹体特征, 热液矿床, 小秦岭, 河南

Abstract：

The Dongjianian silver deposit, located on the southern margin of the Xiaoqinling Mountains, is controlled by the secondary structures of the Xiaohe fault and is the first large precious metal deposit discovered in the southern belt of the Xiaoqinling Mountains. This deposit has three hydrothermal metallogenic stages, namely the quartz-pyrite metallogenic stage (Ⅰ), the dominant quartz-polymetallic sulfide metallogenic stage (Ⅱ), and the quartz-carbonate metallogenic stage (Ⅲ). Three types of inclusions have primarily developed in the ore bodies, namely gas-liquid two-phase inclusions (W-type), CO₂-bearing inclusions (C-type), and pure CO₂ inclusions (PC-type). Stage I primarily witnessed the development of C- and W-type inclusions and a small quantity of PC-type inclusions, and stage II mainly saw the development of W-type inclusions and a small amount of C-type inclusions. The quartz fluid inclusions formed in stages I and II have homogenization temperature ranges of 151~270 ℃ and 126~240 ℃, respectively, which exhibits a downward trend. Their salinity varies slightly in the ranges of 3.8%~22.42% NaCleqv and 4.16%~20.48% NaCleqv, respectively, indicating a low-salinity environment. Their CO₂ content transformed from enrichment into deficiency. The metallogenic pressure and depth were estimated to be 22.08~76.6 MPa and 3.77~7.13 km, respectively. Therefore, the Dongjianian silver deposit is a low-salinity medium- to low-temperature meso-epithermal silver deposit.

Key words： Dongjianian silver deposit fluid inclusion characteristics hydrothermal deposit Xiaoqinling Mountains Henan

收稿日期: 2022-03-02 修回日期: 2022-07-22 出版日期: 2023-04-20

ZTFLH:

P632

基金资助:河南省“探矿权、采矿权”价款(2018-22-06);河南省地质矿产勘查开发局地质科研项目(2017-01)

引用本文:

刘畅, 张参辉, 张鑫, 纵瑞. 河南灵宝董家埝银矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因[J]. 物探与化探, 2023, 47(2): 343-352.
LIU Chang, ZHANG Can-Hui, ZHANG Xin, ZONG Rui. Fluid inclusions and formation mechanisms of the Dongjianian silver deposit in Lingbao City, Henan Province, China. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2023, 47(2): 343-352.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2023.1095 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I2/343

Fig.1 董家埝银矿矿区地质简图(据文献[23]修改)
1—第四系;2—寒武系;3—震旦系;4—冯家湾组;5—杜关组;6—巡检司组;7—龙家园组;8—高山河组;9—新太古界太华群片麻岩;10—小河岩体;11—桂家峪岩体;12—地质界线;13—向斜构造;14—背形构造;15—断层及产状;16—碎裂岩带;17—金矿床;18—铅银矿床;19—城镇;20—研究区范围;①—孟家村-民湾向斜;②—七树坪向斜;③—老鸦岔背形;④—庙沟向斜;⑤—上杨砦背形

Fig.2 董家埝银矿床M₁-Ⅰ主矿体平面示意
1—第四系;2—官道口群龙家园组;3—官道口群高山河组;4—太古宇太华群;5—小河二长花岗岩;6—闪长岩脉;7—地质界线;8—实测及推测的构造蚀变带;9—实测及推测的断层;10—银矿体位置及编号;11—勘探线及编号;12—见矿化钻孔;13—见矿钻孔;14—探槽或钻孔控制的主矿体品位及厚度;15—探槽及编号;16—取样范围

Fig.3 董家埝银矿床的金属矿物及矿化
a—TC01探槽光片,方铅矿(Gn)、闪锌矿(Sp)、黄铜矿(Ccp)等共伴生;b—TC01探槽光片,细粒黄铁矿(Py)、螺状硫银矿(Arn)、硫砷银矿(Bgt)共伴生;c—TC1探槽中的细脉状—浸染状金属矿化;d—ZK0001钻孔中的黄铁矿化、方铅矿化银矿石

Fig.4 董家埝银矿床的脉石矿物特征
a—银矿化蚀变岩薄片:岩石主要由钾长石(Kfs)、石英(Qtz)、绢云母(Ser)等组成;b—钻孔银矿石薄片:岩石主要由斜长石(Pl)、钾长石(Kfs)、石英(Qtz)、黑云母(Bt)等组成

Fig.5 董家埝银矿石英流体包裹体显微照片
a—第Ⅰ阶段的纯CO₂包裹体;b—第Ⅲ阶段的气液两相包裹体;c—第Ⅲ阶段的成群分布包裹体;d—第Ⅱ阶段的含CO₂两相包裹体;e—第Ⅱ阶段的气液两相及纯CO₂包裹体;f—第Ⅱ阶段的含CO₂三相包裹体

成矿阶段	包裹体类型	$T m, C O 2$ /℃	T_m,ice/℃	$T h, C O 2$ /℃	T_m,clath/℃	T_h,tot/℃
石英—黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)	W型包裹体		-1.0~9.0			210~270
石英—黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)	C型包裹体	-56.9~-56.5		12.1~29.6	7.2~10.8	151~268
石英—多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅱ)	W型包裹体		-0.2~-3.5			126~240
石英—多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅱ)	C型包裹体	-56.8~-56.6		20.2~24.6	8~11.9	127~238

Table 1 董家埝银矿床流体包裹体显微测温结果

Fig.6 董家埝银矿床第Ⅰ(a)、Ⅱ(b)成矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度及盐度直方图

Fig.7 流体包裹体成分激光拉曼位移图谱
a、b—第Ⅰ阶段石英包裹体成分;c—第Ⅱ阶段石英包裹体成分;d—第Ⅲ阶段石英包裹体成分

Fig.8 矿区银矿体平面(a)、第00勘探线钻孔剖面(b)^[19]
1—地质界线;2—断层及产状;3—矿体及编号;4—勘探线及编号;5—钻孔及编号;6—蚀变界限;Q—第四系;Jxg—高山河组;Ar₃T—新太古界太华群;Pt₂Xηγ—小河二长花岗岩;A—内蚀变带;B—中蚀变带;C—外蚀变带;D—正常围岩

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