柴北缘中段地球化学特征及铬的成矿潜力评价

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2023.2540

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摘要

本文在提取柴北缘中段不同比例尺(1:5万水系沉积物测量、1:2.5万地球化学测量)59 238个原始数据的基础上,进行了数理指标统计和多元统计的叠加分析,以期从区域角度寻找元素组合关系以及判断主成矿元素,为后续矿产工作提供基础支撑。根据统计显示,该区Au、W、Cr 3种元素各项数理指标显示了较强的成矿潜力,结合多元统计分析及区内已有的成矿事实,认为该区除了构造蚀变岩型、热液型金矿的产出外,寻找镁质超基性岩有关的铬矿潜力巨大。考虑到局部Cr整体背景值较高等因素,以传统X+2σ(129×10^-6)或累积频率85%(142.9×10^-6)的异常下限划分方法不能满足该区局部异常的圈定需求,故引用1/4浓幅分位值(234×10^-6)提高异常下限,不仅圈定出浓集中心具有明显带状分布的异常多处,而且剔除了多数弱小异常。综合地、物、化成果,推断出进一步寻找铬矿的有利地段,划分出了4个成矿有利地段及5个找矿靶区。

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	陈熙
	安朝
	张文权
	徐云甫
	马瑛
	史连昌
	陶志华

关键词 ： 1:2.5万地球化学测量, Cr, 数理统计分析, 成矿潜力, 柴北缘中段

Abstract：

This study extracted 59238 pieces of original data on different scales (1:50000 stream sediment surveys and 1:25000 geochemical surveys) of the middle section of the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin. Based on these data, this study conducted the superposition analysis of mathematical index statistics and multivariate statistics, aiming to discover the element association relationship and determine the major metallogenic elements in the region and provide basic support for subsequent mineral work. According to the statistics, the mathematical indexes of Au, W, and Cr in the study area show great metallogenic potential. Combined with the multivariate statistical analysis and existent metallogenic facts, the authors of this study believed that the study area has the great potential for the prospecting of chromium deposits associated with ultramafic rocks besides tectonic altered rock-type and hydrothermal gold deposits. Owing to the relatively high overall background value of local chromium (Cr) element, the traditional method using X+2σ (129×10^-6) or the cumulative frequency 85% (142.9×10^-6) used to delineate the anomaly threshold cannot meet the requirement for delineating local anomalies in the study area. Therefore, this study improved the anomaly threshold using the 1/4 concentration grading value (234×10^-6). As a result, many anomalies exhibiting significant zonal distribution in the concentration center were delineated, and most weak anomalies were eliminated. Based on the geological, geophysical, and geochemical results, this study inferred zones favorable for the further exploration of chromium deposits and determined four favorable metallogenic zones and five prospecting areas.

Key words： 1:25000 geochemical survey Cr mathematical statistical analysis metallogenic potential middle section of northern Qaidam Basin

收稿日期: 2021-09-26 修回日期: 2022-07-27 出版日期: 2023-04-20

ZTFLH:

P632

基金资助:青海省地质勘查基金项目“青海省柴周缘主要矿集区矿产资源深部勘查方法技术示范研究”(2019048001ky001)

通讯作者: 安朝(1990-),男,硕士,物化探工程师,从事勘查地球化学方面的研究工作。Email:anzhaoq1234@163.com

引用本文:

陈熙, 安朝, 张文权, 徐云甫, 马瑛, 史连昌, 陶志华. 柴北缘中段地球化学特征及铬的成矿潜力评价[J]. 物探与化探, 2023, 47(2): 353-364.
CHEN Xi, AN Zhao, ZHANG Wen-Quan, XU Yun-Fu, MA Ying, SHI Lian-Chang, TAO Zhi-Hua. Geochemical characteristics and Cr metallogenic potential evaluation of the middle section of the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2023, 47(2): 353-364.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2023.2540 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I2/353

Fig.1 柴达木北缘区域构造单元(a)^[17]和研究区地质简图(b)^[18]
1—第四系沉积物;2—古近-新近系;3—下白垩统犬牙沟组;4—下-中侏罗统大煤沟组;5—下-中三叠统隆务河组;6—下石炭统怀头他拉组;7—上泥盆统牦牛山组;8—寒武-奥陶系滩间山群;9—南华系全吉群;10—中元古界万洞沟群;11—古元古界达肯达坂群;12—古元古界化隆群;13—二叠纪岩体;14—泥盆纪岩体;15—志留纪岩体;16—奥陶纪岩体;17—奥陶纪辉长岩;18—古元古代环斑花岗岩;19—地名;20—道路;21—地层界线;Ⅰ—拉脊山-中祁连南缘断裂;Ⅱ—宗务隆-青海南山断裂;Ⅲ—乌兰-鱼卡断裂;Ⅳ—柴北缘断裂;Ⅴ—阿尔金走滑断裂

Table 1 原始数据数理指标叠加分析统计

Fig.2 浓集系数、丰度及剔除比率拟合曲线

Fig.3 浓幅分位图

Fig.4 变异系数拟合

Fig.5 叠加强度图(a)和聚类树状图(b)

Table 2 旋转因子主成分分析

Fig.6 因子计量图
a—F1因子(Pb-Zn-Ag)得分图;b—F2因子(Cr-Ni)得分图;c—F3因子(Au-As)得分图;d—F4因子(Ca-Co)得分图;e—F5因子(W-Mo)得分图;f—F6因子(Sb)得分图;1—赛什腾山铜矿床; 2—野骆驼泉金钴矿床; 3—红柳沟金矿; 4—青龙沟金矿; 5—龙柏沟金矿; 6—滩间山金矿; 7—细晶沟金矿; 8—落凤坡铬铁矿; 9—双口山铅银锌矿床; 10—锡铁山铅锌矿床

Fig.7 铬元素地球化学分布

Fig.8 异常区三维地形及物探平剖图

地区	靶区	地质特征	化探特征	物探特征	已发现的矿化点	成矿评价
马海	1号	大面积分布的滩间山岩群与牦牛山组呈断层接触,强蚀变橄辉岩、辉长岩大面积发育,发育多组北西向断裂构造	圈定2处Cr为主的异常,伴生有Ni、Au等,峰值达803×10^-6,均具3级浓度分带,规模大,规律性强,重砂异常显示有铬铁矿重晶石的出现	极值在-344~554nT之间,化极延伸不强	暂未发现	具蛇纹石化、褐铁矿化的强蚀变橄辉岩的出现是引起物化探异常的主要原因,是铬镍成矿的有利地段
马海北	1号	大面积分布的滩间山岩群与牦牛山组呈断层接触,发育多组NW—SE向断裂构造,第四系覆盖较厚,偶见辉绿玢岩脉发育,第四系覆盖较厚	圈定7处Cr为主的异常,伴生有Ni、Au等,异常峰值在(2000~5455)×10^-6之间,3级浓度分带,规模大,沿NE向次级断裂展布	极值达2000nT,化极上延 1000m仍有异常反应	暂未发现	物化探异常峰值高、规模大,整体随构造方向呈现明显的规律性,地表偶见的超基性岩株出露,推断深部可能存在一条NW向的基性—超基性岩韵律层,是寻找深部超基性岩型铬铁矿的有利地段
马海北	2号	基性辉长岩大面积侵入于万洞沟群千枚岩段中,发育一条长约9.3km、宽约100~200m的超基性蛇纹石化橄榄岩,韵律明显,NW向构造为主,NE向次级断裂次之	圈定6处Cr为主的异常,伴生有Ni、Au、As、Hg、Ag、W、Pb等,峰值在(2000~3441)×10^-6之间,3级浓度分带,规模大	极值-138~ 1549nT之间,强度高,梯度陡,化极上延1000m仍有反映	2处石棉矿化点,1处铬铁矿化点	断裂构造发育,热液活动强烈,成矿物质来源丰富,是寻找超基性岩型铬铁矿的有利地段
落凤坡	1号	辉长岩、辉橄岩大面积侵入于达肯达坂岩群中,NW向断裂发育,NE向次之	圈定2处Cr为主的异常,伴生有Cu、Co、Ni、Pb、W、Bi等,峰值达8591×10^-6,3级浓度分带,规模大	2处物探磁异常显示-2179~1104nT,化极上延800m仍有反映	1处铬铁矿点	蛇纹石化的辉长岩、辉橄岩反应的规模强度均较高的物化探异常,显示了该区是寻找超基性岩型铬矿的有利地段
黑石山	1号	侵入到滩间山岩群之中的辉长岩大面积发育,西侧与达肯大坂岩群呈断层接触,接触带上见有超镁铁质岩呈不连续的脉状产出,多见玄武岩包体和蛇纹石化辉石橄榄岩包体	圈定的9处Cr异常伴生有W、Mo、Bi、Hg、Au等异常,异常峰值达1729×10^-6,具三级浓度分带,规模大	幅值在-2179~1104nT之间,正磁异常	金、铜、铬铁、石棉等矿(化)点5处	成矿物质较为丰富,区域构造作用对成矿形成了促进到破坏再到促进的循环模式,不仅热液型元素成矿潜力较大,铬镍等基性—超基性元素成矿也较为有利

Table 3 研究区铬找矿靶区划分统计

Fig.9 马海北1号靶区1:5 000物探(a)、化探(b)、地质(c)剖面

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