含油气盆地甲烷微渗漏及其油气勘探意义研究进展

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2022.1150

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摘要

21世纪以来,地表微渗漏表现特征的形成机理研究已取得显著进展,对油气勘探具有重要意义。含油气盆地微渗漏气体是以甲烷为主,在地下从烃源岩或储层出发,近于垂向微运移,而在地表造成的化学、物理及生物变化特征是地下油气藏的近似映射,它是客观存在的,是“石油渗漏系统”中一个重要组成部分,目前已替代宏观渗漏成为地表追踪地下油气藏最有效的“窗口”。甲烷微渗漏监测可以在地表、水体及大气中直接进行,测试获得的含甲烷烃类气体组分浓度及同位素组成是地下油气评价的第一手重要资料。甲烷微渗漏间接监测数据主要来源于地表微生物、植被、矿物、放射性及磁性等,与直接获得的化探数据相似,这些不同的地表异常监测数据都可区别于远离油气藏地表的背景值,其异常分布区将成为有利勘探区的靶向。进入综合勘探时代,甲烷微渗漏机理的深入认识,单一监测方法及其片面认识的避免,地表综合监测方法的思路转变,以及数理分析新体系的建立,必将在未来油气勘探中发挥越来越重要的作用。

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	邹雨
	王国建
	杨帆
	陈媛

关键词 ：甲烷, 微渗漏, 综合勘探, 研究进展

Abstract：

Great progress has been made in the formation mechanisms of surface characteristics of gas microseepagesince the start of the 21st century, which is significant for oil-gas exploration. The microseepage in petroliferous basins is dominated by methane, which migrates nearly vertically from source rocks or reservoirs toward ground surface. The chemical, physical, and biological variation characteristics produced on the ground surface approximately reflect the oil reservoirs underground. Therefore, the methane microseepage is an objective and important part of the petroleum seepage system and has replaced microseepage as the most effective window for the tracing of underground reservoirs on the ground surface at present. Methane microseepage can be directly monitored on ground surface and in water and atmosphere, and the component concentrations and isotopic composition of methane-bearing hydrocarbon gases serve as the first-hand important data for the assessment of underground oil and gas. The data indirectly monitored mainly source from microorganisms, vegetation, minerals, radioactivity, and magnetism on the ground surface. Similar to the geochemical exploration data directly obtained, these abnormal data canbe distinguished from the background values of the ground surface far away from the oil reservoirs, and the distribution areas of the anomalies will become important targets of favorable exploration areas. It will play an increasingly important role in the future integrated oil and gas explorationto gain in-depth understanding of methane microseepage mechanisms, avoid single monitoring method and one-sided understanding, transform ideas to adoptsurface integrated monitoring methods, and establish new mathematical analysis systems.

Key words： methane microseepage integrated exploration research progress

收稿日期: 2021-03-17 修回日期: 2021-03-28 出版日期: 2022-02-20

ZTFLH:

P632

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目“近地表轻烃来源判识模型及其油气勘探应用基础研究”(41872126)

作者简介: 邹雨(1992-),男,博士,工程师,研究方向为油气地球化学勘探。Email: zouyu1992.syky@sinopec.com

引用本文:

邹雨, 王国建, 杨帆, 陈媛. 含油气盆地甲烷微渗漏及其油气勘探意义研究进展[J]. 物探与化探, 2022, 46(1): 1-11.
ZOU Yu, WANG Guo-Jian, YANG Fan, CHEN Yuan. Research progress of methane microseepage in petroliferous basins and its significance for oil-gas exploration. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2022, 46(1): 1-11.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2022.1150 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I1/1

Fig.1 自然界甲烷生成与释放示意

Table 1 含油气盆地微渗漏和宏观渗漏不同特征的对比

Table 2 甲烷微渗漏直接监测方法

Fig.2 甲烷微渗漏地表物理、化学及生物异常特征^[12]

Table 3 甲烷微渗漏间接监测方法

Fig.3 天然气地化分析投图^[3,20,37]

数理分析		计算模型及公式
单变量异常阈值计算	符合多重正态分布	l₁= $U i - 1 S i 2 - U i S i - 1 2 + S i S i - 1 (U i - U i - 1) 2 + (S i - 1 2 - S i 2) ln (N i S i - 1 / N i - 1 S i) S i 2 - S i - 1 2$ ,当S_i_-1≠S_i,U_i_-1<l₁<U_i; l₂=0.5(U_i+U_i_-1)+ $S i 2 U i - U i - 1$ ln $N i - 1 N i$ ,当S_i_-1=S_i; 式中U_i为均值,S_i为标准差,N_i为先验概率,l₁为计算结果
单变量异常阈值计算	不符合正态分布	多重分形模型:A(≥ρ)∝ρ^-^β; 式中A(≥ρ)代表等高线包围的区域(等高线值≥ρ),∝表示成正比,β为一个指数,对应于数据范围等高线集假定的值
小波分析 (对数归一化)		Y_i= $X i - X - MAX - MIN$ ;式中X_i为初始数据,Y_i为计算结果
多变量异常的综合参数	符合多重正态分布	密度分布函数F_i(X)=(2π)^-^m/²\|Σ_i\|^-1^/²exp[-0.5(X- $u - i$ ) $Σ i - 1$ (X- $u - i$ )]; 后验概率P_i= $N i F i (X) ∑ j = 0 g - i N j F j (X)$ ;多变量异常识别综合参数G_i= $P i - P i MAX P i + P i MAX$ ; 式中m为变量数, $u - i$ 为期望向量,Σ_i为协方差矩阵
多变量异常的综合参数	不符合正态分布	逻辑乘法γ_j_,_k=2 $\| S j ? S k \| \| S j \| + \| S k \|$ ,j≠k; 式中S_j为关联的每个单变量的总体; 人工神经网络可以基于逻辑乘法聚类分析结果作为初始已知样本

Table 4 背景与异常数理分析及其计算方法^[38,39]

Fig.4 有利油气远景区的甲烷微渗漏综合勘探流程

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