长江铀矿田花岗岩与铀成矿年代学研究进展

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2022.1442

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摘要

长江铀矿田位于粤北诸广山岩体中南部,因产有棉花坑(302)、书楼丘(305)和长排等众多铀矿床而著名。空间上,这些铀矿床主要沿着长江岩体和油洞岩体接触部位分布,铀成矿与长江岩体和油洞岩体及其侵入其中的岩脉关系密切。前人对长江铀矿田岩体、岩脉与矿床等的形成年龄开展了大量测试工作,获得了丰富的年龄数据。本文总结了长江铀矿田花岗岩、铀成矿及岩脉年代学研究进展,结果表明:长江黑云母花岗岩岩体形成时间为166~157 Ma(加权平均年龄为160.9 Ma),为中—晚侏罗世;油洞二云母花岗岩岩体形成于245.6~219.6 Ma(加权平均年龄为232.1 Ma),为三叠纪。区内发育辉长闪长岩、角闪辉绿岩、细粒花岗质岩和煌斑岩等多种岩脉,岩脉活动至少可以划分为3期,即晚侏罗世基性脉岩(150~145.1 Ma)、早白垩世酸性脉岩(138.6~123.9 Ma)和早白垩世基性脉岩(110 Ma)。长江铀矿田的铀成矿作用从早白垩世已经开始,一直持续到古新世,年龄数据127~60 Ma,时间跨度较大,可划分为早白垩世成矿期(127~119 Ma)、晚白垩世成矿期(75~67 Ma)和古新世成矿期(61~54 Ma),其中以70~60 Ma(晚白垩世—古新世)年龄数据比较集中,可能是该区铀成矿高峰期。从时间来看,长江铀矿田成岩与铀成矿演化顺序为:油洞岩体→长江岩体→早期基性岩脉→细粒花岗质岩脉→早期铀成矿阶段→细粒黑云母花岗岩脉→晚期基性岩脉→第二期铀成矿阶段→晚期铀成矿阶段。长江铀矿田成岩与铀成矿作用可以划分为6期:三叠纪花岗岩浆作用(油洞岩体)、中—晚侏罗世花岗岩浆作用(长江岩体)、晚侏罗世基性脉岩作用(辉长闪长岩脉,150 Ma;角闪辉绿岩脉,145 Ma)、早白垩世脉岩与铀成矿作用(138.6~110 Ma)、晚白垩世铀成矿作用(75~67 Ma)、古新世铀成矿作用(61~54 Ma)。后续建议进一步加强除棉花坑铀矿床(302)、书楼丘铀矿床(305)和长排铀矿床以外的铀矿床成矿年代学、煌斑岩等其他岩脉年代学以及铀成矿机理研究,为该区下一步找矿提供科学依据。

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	朱卫平

关键词 ：长江铀矿田, 成岩年龄, 成矿年龄, 成矿作用, 研究进展

Abstract：

The Changjiang uranium ore field is located in the south-central part of the Zhuguangshan pluton in northern Guangdong Province. This ore field holds many uranium deposits such as Mianhuakeng (302), Shulouqiu (305), and Changpai. These uranium deposits are mainly distributed along the contact parts between the Changjiang and Youdong plutons, and uranium mineralization is closely related to the Changjiang and Youdong plutons and their intrusive dykes. Previous researchers have conducted much testing on the formation ages of plutons, dykes, and deposits in the Changjiang ore field, obtaining abundant age data. This study summarized the chronological study advances of the granites, uranium mineralization, and dykes in the Changjiang uranium ore field. The results are as follows. The Changjiang biotite granite pluton was formed at 166~157 Ma (weighted average age: 160.9 Ma) during the Middle-Late Jurassic. The Youdong two-mica granite pluton was formed at 245.6~219.6 Ma (weighted average age: 232.1 Ma) during the Triassic. A variety of dykes such as gabbro diorites, hornblende diabases, fine-grained granitic rocks, and lamprophyres have developed in the study area. The dykes in the ore field can be divided into at least three categories according to their activity stages, namely Late Jurassic mafic dykes (150~145.1 Ma), Early Cretaceous acid dykes (138.6~123.9 Ma), and Early Cretaceous mafic dykes (110 Ma). The uranium mineralization of the Changjiang uranium ore field began during the Early Cretaceous and lasted until the Paleocene, showing a long time span ranging from 127 to 60 Ma. The uranium metallogenic periods include the Early Cretaceous metallogenic epoch (127~119 Ma), the Late Cretaceous metallogenic epoch (75~67 Ma), and the Paleocene metallogenic epoch (61~54 Ma). The age data are concentrated in the range of 70~60 Ma (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene), which might be the peak of uranium mineralization of the study area. The diagenesis and uranium mineralization of the Changjiang uranium ore field evolved in the order of Youdong pluton → Changjiang pluton → early mafic dykes → fine-grained granitic dykes → early uranium mineralization stage → fine-grained biotite granite dykes → late mafic dykes → second uranium mineralization stage → late uranium mineralization stage. There are six phases of diagenesis and uranium mineralization of the Changjiang uranium ore field, i.e., Triassic granitic magmatism (the Youdong pluton), Middle-Late Jurassic granitic magmatism (the Changjiang pluton), diagenesis of Late Jurassic mafic dykes (gabbro diorite dykes, 150 Ma; hornblende diabase dykes, 145 Ma), diagenesis of Early Cretaceous dykes and uranium mineralization (138.6~110 Ma), Late Cretaceous uranium mineralization (75~67 Ma), and Paleocene uranium mineralization (61~54 Ma). It is recommended that further studies should be conducted on the metallogenic chronology of uranium deposits, the geochronology of other dykes such as lamprophyres, and the uranium metallogenic mechanisms of deposits except for Mianhuakeng (302), Shulouqiu(305), and Changpai.

Key words： Changjiang uranium ore field diagenetic age metallogenic age mineralization study advance

收稿日期: 2021-08-15 修回日期: 2022-05-04 出版日期: 2022-12-20

ZTFLH:

P632

基金资助:中核联合基金项目(NRE2021-01);国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0602201);国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0602106);中国地质调查局项目(121201203000160006);中国地质调查局项目(DD20190551)

作者简介: 朱卫平(1980-),男,博士研究生,高级工程师,主要从事区域地质构造与矿产资源调查研究工作。Email:zwpagrs@126.com

引用本文:

朱卫平. 长江铀矿田花岗岩与铀成矿年代学研究进展[J]. 物探与化探, 2022, 46(6): 1327-1337.
ZHU Wei-Ping. Chronological study advances of the granites and uranium mineralization in the Changjiang uranium ore-field. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2022, 46(6): 1327-1337.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2022.1442 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I6/1327

Fig.1 长江铀矿田地质简图^[7](a)及区域构造位置(b)
1—第四系;2—燕山期中细粒二云母花岗岩;3—燕山期中粒斑状黑云母花岗岩;4—印支期粗粒二云母花岗岩;5—印支期粗粒黑云母花岗岩;6—加里东期花岗闪长岩;7—中生代火山岩;8—中生代花岗岩;9—辉绿岩;10—辉长闪长岩;11—构造带;12—地质界线与推测地质界线;13—铀矿床;14—地名;15—采样位置与编号

	样号	采用位置	岩性	分析方法	年龄/Ma	N	MSWD	资料来源
长江岩体年龄	Y1	302、301坑口	中粒黑云母花岗岩	锆石U-Pb法	163.6±12.5	-	-	邓访陵(1987)^[9]
	Y1	302、301坑口	中粒黑云母花岗岩	Rb-Sr全岩等时线年龄	170.7±3.9	-	-	邓访陵(1987)^[9]
	Y2 Y3	长江岩体	中粒黑云母花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	143±1.2	-	0.9	朱捌(2010)^[10]
	Y4	长江镇至邓屋镇	中粒黑云母花岗岩	SHRIMP锆石 U-Pb	160±2.0	9	1.8	朱捌(2010)^[10]、邓平等(2011)^[11]
	Y5	棉花坑钻孔	中粗粒黑云母花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	157.2±1.7	17	1.8	黄国龙等(2014)^[12]
	Y6	棉花坑铀钻孔	中粒黑云母花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	159.5±1.2	18	1.15	黄国龙等(2014)^[12]
	Y7	棉花坑钻孔	细粒不等粒黑云母花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	161.6±2.1	15	2.5	黄国龙等(2014)^[12]
	Y8	岩体钻孔岩心 ZK211-3	花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	157.6±1.8	15	0.084	田泽瑾(2014)^[13]
	Y9	ZK304-3	花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	158.8±1.9	14	0.27	田泽瑾(2014)^[13]
	Y10	302矿床9号带钻孔和坑道	中粒黑云母花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	164±2.0	13	6.3	傅丽雯(2015)^[14]
	Y11 Y12	长江岩体	中粗粒黑云母花岗岩	电子探针	157±3.2	14	0.069	张龙(2016)^[15]、张龙等(2016)^[16]
	Y13	油洞岩体	长江岩体花岗岩	电子探针	160±3.3	22	0.32	张龙(2016)^[15]
	Y14	棉花坑KZK11-3 海拔141.15~ -168.19 m	含晶质铀矿花岗岩 (长江岩体)	电子探针	165±2.5	28	0.25	张龙(2016)^[15]
	Y15	具体位置不清	中粒黑云母花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	166±3.0	19	3.1	孙立强(2018)^[17]
	Y16	长江镇南侧锦原矿业公司东侧山坡上 E113.939898°, N25.302975°	中粒黑云母花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	161±1.0	17	0.24	钟福军(2018)^[18]
	Y17	长江镇南侧锦原矿业公司东侧山坡上 E113.939898°, N25.302975°	中粒黑云母花岗岩	SHRIMP锆石 U-Pb	162.9±1.1	16	0.38	钟福军(2018)^[18]
	Y18	书楼丘凌溪村露头+ ZK26-1 海拔320~-150 m	辉长闪长岩捕获了中粒黑云母花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	165±2.0	6	0.96	钟福军等(2019)^[7]
	Y19	长江岩体	中粗粒黑云母花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS独居石	156.8±1.7	14	0.76	陈妍(2021)^[19]
油洞岩体年龄	Y20	油洞岩体	二云母花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	233.9±6.3	-	7.7	张敏(2006)^[20]
	Y21	仁化县至长江镇 E113°56'59.2″, N25°18'41.2″	中粒小斑状二云母花岗岩	SHRIMP锆石 U-Pb	232±4.0	12	3.2	朱捌(2010)^[10]、黄国龙等(2012)^[21]
	Y22	油洞岩体	花岗岩	电子探针	225±5.4	17	0.51	张龙(2016)^[15]
	Y11	油洞岩体	花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	226.4±3.5	15	0.83	Zhang L,et al.(2018)^[4]
	Y23	长江镇东南下学塘垇村新修公路 E113.972855°, N25.298562°	中粗粒小斑状二云母花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	244±1.6	18	0.091	钟福军(2018)^[18]
	Y24	油洞岩体	中粗粒二云母花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS独居石定年	228±1.5	23	0.83	陈妍等(2021)^[19]
	样号	采用位置	岩性	分析方法	年龄/Ma	N	MSWD	资料来源
脉岩年龄	Y25	油洞断裂带	角闪辉绿岩	全岩Ar-Ar定年	110.6±2.0	-	-	曹豪杰(2013)^[22]
	Y26	长江矿田	角闪辉绿岩	角闪石Ar-Ar	145.1±1.5	-	-	Zhang L,et al. (2018)^[4]
	Y18	书楼丘凌溪村露头+ ZK26-1海拔 320~-150 m	辉长闪长岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	150±1.0	17	0.18	钟福军等(2019)^[7]
	Y27	棉花坑9号矿带南段钻孔深部	细粒花岗质脉岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	138.6±1.3	16	0.81	徐文雄等(2014)^[23]
	Y28	棉花坑 ZK15-9 海拔约-105m	细粒黑云母花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	123.9±1.3	15	1.3	周航兵等(2018)^[24]
书楼丘铀矿床	Y29	书楼丘 ZK16-4 海拔-72.36 m	微晶石英脉型铀矿	LA-ICP-MS原位锆石 U-Pb	71.4±1.3	16	2.2	钟福军等(2019)^[25]
	Y30	书楼丘 ZK26-1 海拔-75.89 m	碎裂岩型铀矿	LA-ICP-MS原位锆石U-Pb	74.4±1.7	9	1.5	钟福军等(2019)^[25]
	Y31	书楼丘 ZK87-1 海拔112.30 m	碎裂煌斑岩型沥青铀矿	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	71.3±1.1	15	1.6	郑国栋等(2021)^[26]
棉花坑铀矿床	Y32	棉花坑9号矿脉	角砾状沥青铀矿 (早期矿化年龄)	U-Pb 溶液法	127	-	-	张国全(2008)^[27]
	Y33	棉花坑9号矿脉	“红化”沥青铀矿 (主成矿年龄)	U-Pb 溶液法	54	-	-	张国全(2008)^[27]
	Y34	棉花坑ZK37-3 海拔653 m	碱交代岩钾长石	K-Ar	81.96±1.76	-	-	张爱等(2009)^[28]
	06148等	棉花坑	沥青铀矿	²³⁵U-²⁰⁴Pb等时线	68.7±3.0	8	665	黄国龙等(2010)^[29]
	06148等	棉花坑	沥青铀矿	Sm-Nd等时线	70±11	7	0.50	黄国龙等(2010)^[29]
	Y11 Y12	长江岩体	沥青铀矿	电子探针	75±2.1	5	1.64	张龙(2016)^[15]、张龙等(2016)^[16]
	Y11 Y12	长江岩体	沥青铀矿	电子探针	104±1.6	20	1.60	张龙(2016)^[15]、张龙等(2016)^[16]
	Y14	棉花坑Ⅳ-1带	沥青铀矿	电子探针	67±4.1	4	5.2	张龙(2016)^[15]
	Y14	棉花坑Ⅳ-1带	沥青铀矿	电子探针	94±1.1	14	0.82	张龙(2016)^[15]
	Y14	棉花坑Ⅳ-1带	沥青铀矿	电子探针	103±1.8	18	1.9	张龙(2016)^[15]
	Y14	棉花坑Ⅳ-1带	沥青铀矿	电子探针	119±3.5	4	0.37	张龙(2016)^[15]
	Y14	棉花坑Ⅳ-2带	沥青铀矿	电子探针	67±2.1	12	8.3	张龙(2016)^[15]
	Y36	棉花矿坑海拔150 m	石英脉	LA-ICP-MS原位锆石U-Pb	90±43	12	1.4	Chrstophe B,et al. (2018)^[30]
	Y37	棉花矿坑海拔150 m	石英脉	LA-ICP-MS原位锆石U-Pb	93±15	6	2.5	Chrstophe B,et al. (2018)^[30]
	Y38	棉花坑 KZK39-3 海拔-268.95 m	铀矿石	LA-ICP-MS原位锆石U-Pb	59.5±1.0	10	0.39	Zhong F J, et al. (2018)^[31]
	Y39	棉花坑	铀矿石	LA-ICP-MS原位锆石U-Pb	60.0±0.5	21	1.13	Zhong F J, et al. (2018)^[31]
	Y40	棉花坑坑道采场海拔-150 m	碎裂岩型铀矿	LA-ICP-MS原位锆石 U-Pb	60.8±0.6	30	0.31	钟福军等(2019)^[25]
	Y41	棉花坑 ZK26-2 海拔115.89 m	微晶石英脉型铀矿	LA-ICP-MS原位锆石U-Pb	66.8±1.6	16	3.8	钟福军等(2019)^[25]
	样号	采用位置	岩性	分析方法	年龄/Ma	N	MSWD	资料来源
长排铀矿床	Y42	长排ZK1-1 海拔138.56 m	萤石碎裂岩型铀矿	LA-ICP-MS原位锆石U-Pb	62.4±2.5	8	2.4	钟福军等(2019)^[25]
长排铀矿床	Y43	长排ZK205-3 海拔67.18 m	微晶石英脉型铀矿	LA-ICP-MS原位锆石U-Pb	70.2±0.5	22	2.0	钟福军等(2019)^[25]
	Y44	扶溪岩体	花岗闪长岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	440.7±3.3	18	2.4	于玉帅等(2017)^[32]
	Y45	扶溪岩体	花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb	426.7±5.4 (402.2~451.6)	20	1.4	Zhang L, et al. (2018)^[4]

Table 1 长江铀矿田花岗岩及铀成矿年龄数据统计

Fig.2 长江岩体年龄概率分布

Fig.3 油洞岩体年龄概率分布

Fig.4 长江铀矿田脉岩年龄概率分布

Fig.5 棉花坑铀矿床成矿年龄概率分布

Fig.6 长江铀矿田岩体形成与铀成矿演化阶段示意

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