A deep penetrating geochemical research project has been designed to improve the exploration techniques through a comparison of related methods in various concealed deposits. This paper describes the results obtained by the comparison of the Selective Leaching of Mobile Metals (MOMEO) method and the Separatory Electrogeochemistry method at the Jinwozi gold ore district in the desert terrain of Xinjiang. Both the selective leaching of metals occluded in Fe-Mn oxide coatings and the electrogeochemical extraction of ions are effective in indicating concealed deposits in the arid desert terrain.

Based on characteristic analysis of different occurrence modes of percolated hydrocarbon gases in near-surface soil and combined with such geochemical indices over the known oil and gas accumulations as gas over the geological body, free hydrocarbon, heat released hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon by acidolysis, the authors hold that, although the test values of these indices over the same oil and gas accumulation show some differences in different periods, the anomaly range and variation trend of every index remain effective in indicating the information of deep oil and gas accumulation, and this reflects the effectiveness, reproducibility and stability of these indices. Therefore, the analysis of hydrocarbons of different modes of occurrence in near-surface soil can provide scientific basis for the effective utilization of oil and gas geochemical indices to the search of oil and gas accumulations.

The static headspace gas analytical technique is mainly devoted to the analysis of physically adsorbed and dissolved light hydrocarbons whose composition and content can directly reflect oil and gas information of the underlying strata. When used to surface geochemical exploration,it can predict and judge the position and properties of the transverse profile of the oil gas horizon;when employed to borehole geochemical exploration,it can accurately predict and judge the position and properties of the longitudinal profile of the oil-gas horizon based on the composition and content of the light hydrocarbon.

Using such techniques as regional gravity and magnetic survey, electric sounding, α-card method, remote-sensing survey and earth electromagnetic survey, the authors have made an integrated interpretation of the thickness of the Cenozoic red bed as well as the lithologic character of the basement, and inferred the concealed fault structure. Drilling verification has led to the discovery of underground hot water, thus exhibiting satisfactory geological effect.

Through quantitative calculation and qualitative interpretation of gravity and magnetic data collected from the Beikang Zengmu basin of central Nansha Islands, it is demonstrated that the gravity anomalies are mainly influenced by shallow geological factors, that the gravitational high and gravitational low indirectly reflect the topographical features of the sea bed, the thickness of Cenozoic sediments, the density variation of sediments and the subsidence or uplifting of the basin. The conclusion that Cenozoic igneous rocks of the Beikang Zengmu basin are mainly composed of acidic intermediate basic rocks is based on the disposition and inverse calculation of magnetic data. The magnetic basement is basically consistent with the acoustic basement, and can be divided into two depressions and three upwarped zones. the Beikang Zengmu basin lies on the weakened continental crust with Moho thickness of about 21～26 km.The gravity and magnetic interpretation can serve as basis for the tectonic division of the basement and the recognition of igneous rocks.

A study of regional geochemical characteristics of four main genetic types of copper deposits in West Qinling Mountain area shows that there exist very few concentration areas of copper or other elements in 72 copper deposits or occurrences. Based on an analysis of the geochemical environment for the formation of major copper deposits within the distributive area of Bikou Group in southern Gansu, it is held that in West Qinling Mountain area, the indicator elements of various types of copper deposits only reflect the regional geological formations of the corresponding types of copper deposits, whereas the optimal indicator elements reflect ore bearing geological formations. The known copper deposits in the distributive area of Bikou Group and the newly discovered Faziba medium-size copper deposits are all located in the favorable positions indicated by the optimal indicator elements for the eruptive-sedimentary copper deposits of this area.

With the contents of 44 sorts of elements in regional rocks and strata of Hebei Province as the research object and the optimal partition of ordered geological quantity as the means, the authors divided the chemical strata and determined their boundaries. Moreover, carding and search of geochemical anomalous beds were done, and geochemical correlation of regional strata was made, which led to the construction of the regional geochemical framework. This research is an important component part of multiple stratigraphic division and also an important step in the modernization of the stratigraphic research.

Take the Dias model expression IP effect of medium,In the case of a horizontal three-layer that middle layer is polarized. Fist calculate the apparent resistivity and impedance phase under natural electromagnetic source, Then extracte the IP parameter of amplitude ratio and phase difference from the data that frequency is same but chargeability is differ (m₂≠0, m₂=0), discussed the influence for IP sounding anomaly when the diffen section of resistivity. The last supply a test result over the lead zine mineral deposit.

The forward and direct inversion of complex gravity and magnetic field of regular 2D-bodies under the condition of undulate topography consists of four successive papers. The forward problem of complex gravity and magnetic fields is expounded in the first and the second paper. Mainly using Russian scholars' method, the author deduced strictly and simply the complex gravity and magnetic field expressions of regular 2D-bodies and their combination bodies in complex field. Compared with the gravity and magnetic field expressions of these bodies in rectangular coordinates system, these expressions of complex fields have very simple forms. In the third and the fourth paper, the direct inversion problem of complex gravity and magnetic fields is expounded, which makes up the core of the serial papers. In these two papers, according to the complex gravity and magnetic field expressions of regular 2D-bodies and their combination bodies, the author first established linear simultaneous equations for solving middle variables in the complex coordinates system by use of his creative method of linearization, then established the high order complex equation by use of middle variables to be solved out. As for the linear simultaneous equations and the high-order complex equation, the author solved successfully the direct inversion problem of complex gravity and magnetic fields of almost all regular 2D-bodies under the condition of undulate topography (or under the condition that the observation line lies in the arbitrary direction of 2D-anomaly sources or is even closed).

Traditional transform algorithm has been improved in this paper. The new efficient algorithm has overcome the troubles of false frequency and port effect existing in traditional transform algorithm. The test of theoretical models and the field seismic data indicate that the improved transform algorithm has the merits of good stability, high reliability and weak distortion, and can efficiently eliminate false frequency and port effect.

As networks of rivers are dense in Shengli exploration district, the utilization of traditional seismic collection techniques has met with many difficulties which hinder the performance of the geological work. Based on years' practice, the Physical Exploration Company of the Shengli Oilfield Ltd. has formed a set of working methods, which proved to be effective in the construction work of the Shengli exploration district and hence made contribution to the increase of reserves in the Shengli oilfield.

The braided sand body is the main reservoir in Penglaizhen Formation of Western Sichuan depression. The accurate and rapid identification of river sand is the key to raise the percentage of drill success and reduce the investment risk. Nevertheless, as a single sand unit is small in thickness and volume and the lateral variation is fast, it is difficult to identify this sand body with the traditional method. In view of this situation, this paper has analyzed the sedimentary features, set up a geophysical response model, and used the advanced 3-D visualization method to identify the river sand body. Practice shows that this method is fairly effective and deserves wide popularization in vast continental strata areas of China.

The equipment used in our field study is IP Receiver DDJ-1made by the Beijing Geological Instrument Factory. It can measure IP discharge secondary field for a long time and give K type induced polarization sounding η_s curve of three layered horizontal strata .

When an IP anomaly is relatively complex, the application of such basic parameters as,ηs and Fs can hardly make reasonable interpretation of the nature of the anomaly source. With practical examples, the authors point out the effectiveness of applying the second information of IP, i.e., the metallic factor, to the interpretation of complex IP anomalies. The metallic factor can separate ore-related anomalies from barren ones, thus playing an effective role in the qualitative and quantitative appraisal of the anomaly.

The organic and inorganic compounds in polluted groundwater are listed in this paper. Some metal iron and nonmetal iron, total dissolved substance and salt accumulate in the groundwater while physical and chemical reaction begin between leachate and soil. This reaction leads to increase in conduction of soil, decrease in resistivity and increase in reflection geoelectrical signals of soil. The results show about 10 Ω·m resistivity values in soil and about 0.40 Ω·m in leachate in two landfill sits in north of China. The results of HDC, TEM and GPR are compared and found that result of HDC is pronounced. Hydrocarbon (freedom CH₄,C₂H₆ absorbed by soil) and fluorescent spectrum are useful geochemical methods for detection of leakage compounds from oil and gas storage reservoirs. We present that anomaly of CH4 is of economy, efficiency and no restriction by the site. But the false signal from animal and plant decomposed must be considered carefully.

The existence of various defects in the bolt bonding system results in acoustic wave energy attenuation, phase aberration and frequency scattering. With wavelet time-frequency analysis and its energy-collecting method, the phase properties of the signal can be extracted. Helped by the method of wave impedance analysis, we can accurately locate the defects in the bolt bonding system. The application of this technique to the Three Gorges Project has demonstrated its effectiveness.

Take power supply for floor for example, by researching the distribute character of full-space electrical field influenced by laneway using 3DFDM simulation technology, the rule of laneway effect on the field distribution has been disclosed. This research may provide instruction for basic theory research of undermine DC method and practical application.

Stability of the tunnel wall rock is a basic parameter in designing of any tunnel timbering project. Using the Partial Least-Squares Regression computation, this paper has classified the stability of tunnel wall rocks. The result shows that the method is effective.

The authors introduce the theory, method, and a application of five poles electrical sounding in a engineering at Jiujiang, Jiangxi province. Five poles electrical sounding have advantages in foundation engineering at cities geophysical prospecting. It has a prospective foreground in the future.

In the longitudinal wave reflection method of shallow seismic exploration, the traditional moving coil wave detector has very limited anti-interference capacity, and hence the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal is not high. With the high damping wave detector, the signal to noise ratio can be greatly improved, and the data acquired have higher and more accurate confidence. This paper dealt with various specifications of the high damping wave detector, analyzed the feasibility and superiority of its application to the longitudinal wave reflection method in shallow seismic exploration, described a series of relevant experiments, and gave an engineering example concerning the search for faulted zones. A comparison with other types of wave detectors shows that the high damping wave detector has higher precision and signal-to-noise ratio, and is hence obviously better than the traditional wave detectors.