Based on a review of geochemical exploration techniques used for many years in forest-swamp terrain of northeastern China, this paper affirms the great achievements made in the past, and points out some shortcomings. The author suggests strengthening the study of surface geochemistry, especially the study of organic matter, and has worked out geochemical prospecting techniques suitable for locating geochemical anomalies in the forest-swamp terrain.

Cold lake landscape in Qinghai province is located in the area of eolian sand accumulation. Anomalies of most ore-forming elements in -40 mesh of stream sediments remarkably weaken or even disappear owing to the eolian sand disturbance. The research shows that the fractal dimension of ore-forming elements in the eolian sand disturbance part of stream sediments exhibits mutation character. The granularity factor coefficient was calculated according to the disturbance characterized by the mixture of flowing dene with fast dene. This coefficient seems to be a good index for the mixing quantity of eolian sand in stream sediments. The composition factor coefficient was also computed with fold function formula of function theory, which coincides with the regional experimental results. Thus, the sample media in regional geochemical exploration should be -4(or -10)～+40 mesh in cold lake landscape.

Relatively good result has been achieved in the application of gravity, magnetic and electric integrated exploration technique to the western part of Qaidam basin. Regional exploration has revealed that the basin basement is divided into southern and northern parts, and this plays a strictly controlling role in the fault distribution and structure development. The object exploration has delineated the deep structure in Oil-Sand Mountain (Youshashan) and led to the discovery of a few new structures in the oil and gas prospect area.

Based on characteristic analysis of geophysical field, geochemical anomaly and remote sensing image reflected by the ore-controlling factors, this paper has generalized the regional geophysical, geochemical and remote-sensing information closely related to mineralization, summed up the relationship between them, and put forward the major controlling factors, thus providing the basis for the utilization of integrated information to ore prospecting and prediction.

Based on an analysis of the IP anomaly within the Tinggong copper deposist in Nyemo County of Tibet and its characteristics, this paper points out the train of thought and techniques of applying electric method to the prospecting for porphyry copper deposit under such metallogenic geological-geophysical background, and makes a preliminary discussion on the related ore-prospecting effect. It is hoped that this research will be of some help to the geophysical exploration of porphyry copper deposits along the Gandise belt.

This paper describes the basic principle of radon gas survey and, with an analysis of the result of radon survey performed over the known blocks in the Xiazhuang granite uranium orefield, illustrates the effectiveness of such survey in the prospecting for deep concealed uranium deposits.

This paper deals with the basic theory of the natural electric field method and its application to the prospecting for interlayer oxidation zone sandstone-type uranium deposits. Based on features of natural electric potential in oxidation and reduction zones, it is held that the natural electric field method may determine the front line of the interlayer oxidation zone, and can hence infer the general position of the interlayer oxidation zone sandstone-type uranium deposit.

Varying velocity structural mapping is one of the techniques for solving the low-amplitude structural problem and fulfilling trapping. The calculation precision of the velocity field and the method for depth transform seem to be two key links in varying velocity structural mapping. The adoption of the horizontal anti-shifting technique can make the result of the time shift after stack serve only as a bridge in favor of the interpretation and tracking of the reflection horizon and thus avoid the shift and deviation caused by time shift algorithm itself and the influence of shift error caused by the inaccurate shifting velocity upon the construction of the velocity field and the precision of the structural mapping. The inversion of the stacking velocity is used to work out the interval velocity of each layer step by step, and the 3-D spatial ray tracking figure shifting technique is adopted to make spatial shifting and homing of the nil shifting distance time domain T₀ into the depth domain to form the depth structural map.

On the basis of the 1:250000 geological survey in Along Mountain area characterized by shallow forest-covered fields, the authors describe in this paper the technological equipment of the Common Offset Seismic (COF) and electromagnetic dipole methods, and make a comparison between the two methods. Taking into account the geological section drawn by the geochemical method and the longitudinal velocities and resistivities of different rock samples, this paper also discusses the validity and application of the two methods in the shallow fields.

The theoretical bases of oil and gas geochemical prospecting techniques are still very weak, and hence the prospecting techniques resting on these bases cannot be mature. If we want to study, develop and consummate the theory and methods of oil and gas geochemical prospecting techniques, our attitude towards the theory, the methods, the present situation, the existing problem and the new problems encountered in the development of oil and gas geochemical prospecting techniques must be practical, realistic and scientific. And we must have a clear and definite train of thought and scratch where it itches. Only in this way can our goal be attained.

The rock and mineral densities required in the calculation of the reserves of sandstone uranium deposits are determined at present by the sampling determination method?paraffin method, and theγ-γscattering logging, one of the radioactive geophysical techniques, is used for reference. In the density determination for a certain uranium deposit in Tuha basin of Xinjiang, the author made data arrangement and comparison of the determination results of the two techniques, and has thus reached the conclusion that the latter technique can be undoubtedly used in place of the former to provide accurate density values of rocks and minerals.

The self-adaptively iterative damping least square method is proposed in this paper by combining equal thinner layers and weighting matrix. The new efficient algorithm can overcome such serious shortcomings existent in the classic least square method as the strict dependence on initial model, the remarkable man-made error, low accuracy, and the bad convergence velocity, which have a great adverse effect on the inversion of dispersion curves of Rayleigh wave. The inversion results of the new theoretical model and field dispersion data indicate that this inversion is characterized by good stability, high accuracy and strong resolution, and can automatically inverse shear velocity and thickness.

On the basis of simulative well of Circumferential Borehole Imaging Log finished by Liaohe wireline services, the method calculating the width of fracture is established. The means is applied to evaluate parameters of fracture reservoir. The reservoir fluid types are identified by composite interpretation, and obvious geological effect has been obtained in complex rock reservoir of Liaohe Oilfield.

The propagation speed of the radar wave varies with media. This causes some difficulties in the accurate locating of the detection object, because the object depth depends on the product of the speed and the signal reflection. On the other hand, however, therelationship between the speed variation and the media can be used to infer the material framework. With the application in mind, the author enumerates seven sorts of speed-calculating methods for colleagues reference.

It is considered that soil environmental geochemical quality study should be undertaken in two aspects: current soil quality assessment and soil contamination grade assessment, the concept and aim of these two assessments being different from each other. This paper puts forward some methods for using soil regional geochemical data to soil quality assessment, anomaly genesis identification and soil contamination grade assessment.

The transport and deposition of urban dust are highly relevant to the composition of its grain diameters. Generally speaking, coarse grains, mediate to fine grains and extremely fine grains are transported in the forms of rolling, skipping, and suspending, respectively. Urban dust grains in Xi'an come primarily from particles transported by means of skipping through relatively long or great distance, next from those transported by means of rolling from a short distance away, and, to a lesser amount, from those carried in the form of suspending through a long distance, with the last form only accounting for approximately 12% of the total grains.

This paper deals with such aspects of the spatial database in the decision-making supporting system for the mine environment as the train of thought for its designing, its structure and functions and the major technological links in its construction. The database consists of ten spatial sub-databases. This database can provide information input, spatial retrieval and query, spatial analysis and output functions. The establishment of the spatial database in the decision-making supporting system for mine environment will be a great help to forming harmonious relations between mine development and environmental protection.

Each of such bodies as tunnel lining, road way and road surface floorslab has only one inspection face, and the shock echo method has become a new technique for detecting thickness and defects. The general and unique characteristics of the shock echo method and the foundation pile reflection method reveal the mechanism of the reflection technique as well as the different requirements of frequency domain and time domain for impulse. With Huygens-Fresnel belt, the authors have analyzed the horizontal resolution ratio, and pointed out the technological crux of such a method.

When the acoustic logging technique is used to determine the stress release rebound tension fissure plane of the dam foundation in the construction of such dam foundation, we should make an analysis of the anomaly and the geophysical trend surface so as to guarantee the reliability of the geophysical data and guide the change of the design and organize the construction. The analysis of the geological-geophysical trend surface is a new concept put forward by the authors.

With the combination of the Landsoner method and the Differential Electrical Sounding method, we can explore the rise and fall of bed rocks as well as single and multi-storey karst caves under the cover of a karst area, the proportion of depth to diameter being over 10-20:1. In addition, the depths of the top and the bottom can be accurately determined.

This paper describes technological specifications and testing method for the quality of the building stone . The author has summed up the experience of ultrasonic technology for stone quality testing, and discussed the relations of the stone quality to the ultrasonic wave velocity and amplitude.