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Research, development and utilization of selenium-rich soil of Shaanxi:A case study of Sanyuan-Yanliang area |
QIAO Xin-Xing1,2( ), CHAO Xu2, REN Rui1,2, ZHANG Ji-Jun1,2, HU Kui1,2, LI Ao-Rui1,2, ZHANG Zhi-Ming1,2 |
1. Shaanxi Hydraulic Engineering and Environment Geological Survey Center, Xi'an 710068,China 2. Shaanxi Institute of Geological Survey, Xi'an 710054,China |
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Abstract Through the sampling and analysis of soil and crops in Sanyuan-Yanliang area, it is found that the soil environment in the study area is generally clean.The medium-rich selenium soil accounts for 94.62% of the total survey area, selenium-rich soil is widely distributed and has the basic soil conditions for the development of selenium-rich crop. It has the basic soil conditions for developing selenium-enriched foods. For the analysis of crop products, it can be seen that the bulk crops are selenium-rich crops, and the selenium-enriched level is relatively stable. Some vegetables have also reached the standard of selenium-enriched vegetables. The selenium in crops has a good correlation with soil selenium. The correlation coefficient between the selenium content of corn and that of root soil is 0.788, and the correlation coefficient between the selenium content of wheat and that of root soil is 0.612. Hence the study area has a future for the development of selenium-enriched industries. Guanzhon is suitable for vigorously promoting the cultivation of selenium-enriched crops and vegetables as an important food and vegetable. The production area has great potential for the development of selenium-enriched crops. It is recommended to select demonstration sites to carry out selenium-enriched planting work, and to focus on building a group of selenium-rich grain and vegetable industry bases so as to provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of selenium-rich resources in Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province, thus supporting the rural revitalization strategy and the precise poverty alleviation battle.
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Received: 19 November 2019
Published: 01 March 2021
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Location map of the study area
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元素 | 一等(丰富) | | 二等(较丰富) | | 三等(中等) | | 四等(较缺乏) | | 五等(缺乏) | 面积/km2 | 比例/% | 面积/km2 | 比例/% | 面积/km2 | 比例/% | 面积/km2 | 比例/% | 面积/km2 | 比例/% | N | | | | | | | 825.62 | 65.79 | | 417.87 | 33.30 | | 11.40 | 0.91 | P | | | | 31.39 | 2.50 | | 1033.27 | 82.34 | | 190.23 | 15.16 | | | | K | | | | 1219.06 | 97.14 | | 35.83 | 2.86 | | | | | | | 有机质 | 134.48 | 10.72 | | 786.61 | 62.68 | | 329.87 | 26.29 | | 3.92 | 0.31 | | | | C | 1185.54 | 94.47 | | 68.78 | 5.48 | | 0.57 | 0.05 | | | | | | | Ca | 661.29 | 52.70 | | 593.60 | 47.30 | | | | | | | | | | Mg | 979.85 | 78.08 | | 275.05 | 21.92 | | | | | | | | | | S | 1231.84 | 98.16 | | 23.05 | 1.84 | | | | | | | | | |
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Statistics on soil fertility in Sanyuan-Yanliang area
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元素 | 一等(无风险) Ci≤Si | | 二等(风险可控) Si<Ci≤Gi | | 三等(风险较高) Ci>Gi | 面积/km2 | 比例/% | 面积/km2 | 比例/% | 面积/km2 | 比例/% | Cd | 1245.190 | 99.227 | | 9.582 | 0.764 | | 0.120 | 0.010 | Hg | 1254.892 | 100 | | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | As | 1254.892 | 100 | | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | Pb | 1254.892 | 100 | | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | Cr | 1254.830 | 99.995 | | 0.062 | 0.005 | | 0 | 0 | 综合等级 | 1245.128 | 99.222 | | 9.644 | 0.769 | | 0.120 | 0.010 |
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Results of soil environmental quality assessment in Sanyuan-Yanliang area
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Comprehensive evaluation map of soil environmental quality in Sanyuan-Yanliang area
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元素 | 富硒 | | 低硒 | >0.4×10-6 | | 0.3×10-6<Se≤0.4×10-6 | | 0.2×10-6<Se≤0.3×10-6 | ≤0.2×10-6 | 面积/km2 | 比例/% | | 面积/km2 | 比例/% | | 面积/km2 | 比例/% | 面积/km2 | 比例/% | Se | 76.55 | 6.10 | | 265.11 | 21.13 | | 850.98 | 67.81 | | 62.25 | 4.96 |
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Statistics of Se element content in soil in Sanyuan-Yanliang region
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作物种类 | 最大值/10-6 | 最小值/10-6 | 中位数/10-6 | 平均数/10-6 | 富硒样品数 | 富硒率/% | HB001/T—2013 | 大宗 作物 | 小麦 | 1.025 | 0.011 | 0.106 | 0.159 | 466 | 99.36 | (0.02~0.28)×10-6 | 玉米 | 0.316 | 0.009 | 0.051 | 0.064 | 223 | 88.14 | 油菜 | 0.359 | 0.060 | 0.171 | 0.153 | 12 | 100.00 | 蔬菜 | 大蒜 | 0.083 | 0.024 | 0.056 | 0.059 | 11 | 100.00 | (0.01~0.9)×10-6 | 大葱 | 0.044 | 0.008 | 0.030 | 0.028 | 3 | 75.00 | 芹菜 | 0.146 | 0.007 | 0.014 | 0.029 | 30 | 73.17 | 白萝卜 | 0.022 | 0.007 | 0.011 | 0.012 | 10 | 62.50 | 豆角 | 0.038 | 0.004 | 0.016 | 0.018 | 4 | 57.14 | 白菜 | 0.041 | 0.002 | 0.010 | 0.013 | 11 | 50.00 | 花白 | 0.101 | 0.001 | 0.010 | 0.014 | 13 | 46.43 | 辣椒 | 0.023 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 8 | 40.00 | 菜花 | 0.101 | 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.014 | 10 | 32.26 | 黄瓜 | 0.013 | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.006 | 2 | 28.57 | 西红柿 | 0.021 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.006 | 3 | 17.65 | 茄子 | 0.019 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.005 | 1 | 7.14 |
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Statistics of selenium-rich content and selenium-rich rate of crops
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Average value of selenium content in various vegetables in Sanyuan-Yanliang area
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土壤硒 含量 | 作物 | 样品数 /件 | 作物 w(Se)≥0.02×10-6 | 作物富硒率 /% | <0.2×10-6 | 小麦 | 30 | 29 | 96.67 | | 玉米 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ≥0.2×10-6 | 小麦 | 438 | 434 | 99.09 | | 玉米 | 251 | 223 | 88.84 |
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Statistics of soil selenium and plant selenium content
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The relation of selenium contents in corn and wheat grains with its contents in soils
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作物 | 样本数量 | r值 | 玉米 | 253 | 0.788** | 小麦 | 468 | 0.612** |
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The correlation coefficient between corn and wheat grains with its contents in soils
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Se形态 | Se含量/10-6 | 占比/% | 与全量的 相关系数 | 最大值 | 最小值 | 平均值 | 标准差 | 全量 | 0.3637 | 0.0841 | 0.2304 | 0.0705 | | | 水溶态 | 0.0201 | 0.0067 | 0.0131 | 0.0038 | 5.70 | 0.523* | 离子交换态 | 0.0195 | 0.0076 | 0.0130 | 0.004 | 5.66 | 0.628** | 碳酸盐结合态 | 0.0258 | 0.0012 | 0.0082 | 0.0067 | 3.55 | 0.631** | 腐殖酸结合态 | 0.0534 | 0.0089 | 0.0319 | 0.013 | 13.83 | 0.861** | 铁锰氧化结合态 | 0.0069 | 0.0012 | 0.0033 | 0.0015 | 1.45 | 0.800** | 强有机结合态 | 0.1383 | 0.015 | 0.0722 | 0.0299 | 31.36 | 0.953** | 残渣态 | 0.1233 | 0.038 | 0.0886 | 0.0226 | 38.46 | 0.924** |
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Statistics of selenium speciation in surface soil
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样品类别 | As | Cd | Cr | Cu | Hg | Ni | Pb | Zn | 小麦 | 0.721 | 0.14 | 0.806 | 9.41 | 0.009 | 6.577 | 0.307 | 46.514 | 玉米 | 0.07 | 0.012 | 0.405 | 2.45 | 0.005 | 0.181 | 0.173 | 24.81 | 油菜 | 0.032 | 0.025 | 0.142 | 3.673 | 0.007 | 0.053 | 0.384 | 42.492 | 大蒜 | 0.035 | 0.013 | 0.019 | 1.867 | 0.001 | 0.097 | 0.027 | 7.983 | 芹菜 | 0.047 | 0.025 | 0.446 | 1.701 | 0.002 | 0.272 | 0.079 | 3.763 | 萝卜 | 0.005 | 0.001 | 0.039 | 0.264 | 0 | 0.045 | 0.028 | 2.126 | 花白 | 0.004 | 0 | 0.037 | 0.169 | 0 | 0.055 | 0.015 | 0.979 | 菜花 | 0.006 | 0 | 0.055 | 0.28 | 0 | 0.045 | 0.031 | 1.631 | 白菜 | 0.005 | 0.001 | 0.052 | 0.209 | 0 | 0.046 | 0.023 | 1.694 | 食品中污染物限量/10-6 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.1 | ≤1 | | ≤0.02 | | ≤0.2 | |
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Statistics of heavy metal elements contents in crops
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Spatial planning for the development and utilization of selenium-rich land in Sanyuan-Yanliang area
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