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Selenium contents in surface soil and agricultural products in Minhou County |
ZOU Shan-Jin-Hong( ) |
Fujian Institute of Geological Survey, Fuzhou 350013,China |
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Abstract Based on the evaluation data of agricultural geological surveys in Minhou County, Fujian Province, this study investigated the distribution of selenium contents in the surface soil of the cultivated land and garden plots in Minhou County and its major controlling factors. Moreover, it analyzed the selenium contents in agricultural products. The results are as follows. The selenium content in the surface soil is controlled by the geological setting. The areas with Late Jurassic concealed granite porphyries occurring have significantly higher soil selenium content than other areas. Moreover, different landforms, soil types, and land uses have certain effects on selenium content in the soil. Most of the agricultural products in the study area have low selenium content. The main selenium-rich crop is rice, which has a selenium accumulation rate of 78.6% according to the preliminary evaluation. However, some rice samples had excessive As or Cd content. Therefore, attention should be paid to the risk of excessive heavy metals in the development and utilization of selenium-rich rice. Based on the distribution of clean selenium-rich soil and the selenium-rich characteristics of agricultural products, this study determined nine potential areas of natural selenium-rich land in the study area.
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Received: 15 December 2021
Published: 24 February 2023
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Landform map of Minhou County(Revised according to reference[12])
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等级 | 缺乏 | 边缘 | 适量 | 高 | 过量 | 样品数 | 52 | 221 | 1664 | 313 | 0 | 比例/% | 2.31 | 9.82 | 73.96 | 13.91 | 0 |
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The distribution of selenium content in surface soil of Minhou County
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时代 | 第四系 | 下白垩统 | 上侏罗统 | 早白垩世 | 晚侏罗世 | 地层 | 长乐组冲 洪积层 | 长乐组 海积层 | 龙海组冲 洪积层 | 寨下组 上段 | 黄坑组 上段 | 黄坑组 下段 | 南园组 第四段 | 南园组 第三段 | 南园组 第二段 | 二长花 岗岩 | 花岗 闪长岩 | 花岗 闪长岩 | 潜花 岗斑岩 | 样品数 | 73 | 223 | 50 | 233 | 152 | 75 | 47 | 555 | 455 | 72 | 94 | 55 | 36 | w(Se)/10-6 | 0.285 | 0.316 | 0.305 | 0.271 | 0.259 | 0.254 | 0.238 | 0.297 | 0.267 | 0.184 | 0.232 | 0.216 | 0.374 |
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Characteristics of selenium content in different soil parent rocks of Minhou County
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指标 | pH | 有机质 | N | P | K | S | CaO | 相关系数 | -0.005 | 0.268** | 0.259** | 0.276** | -0.375** | 0.287** | 0.009 | 指标 | MgO | B | Mo | Mn | TFe2O3 | Cl | Zn | 相关系数 | 0.107** | 0.304** | 0.155** | 0.193** | 0.502** | 0.095** | 0.332* | 指标 | Cu | Hg | Cd | Pb | As | Cr | Ni | 相关系数 | 0.301** | 0.159** | 0.080** | 0.295** | 0.491** | 0.497** | 0.427** |
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Correlation between selenium element and other indicators in surface soil of Minhou County
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地貌类型 | 海成地貌 | 堆积侵蚀地貌 | 剥蚀地貌 | 构造侵蚀地貌 | 海积平原 | 冲洪积盆地 | 丘陵 | 低山 | 中低山 | 中山 | 样品数 | 167 | 283 | 213 | 452 | 638 | 462 | w(Se)/10-6 | 0.333 | 0.273 | 0.275 | 0.254 | 0.271 | 0.304 |
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Characteristics of soil selenium content in different landforms of Minhou County
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土壤类型 | 红壤 | 黄壤 | 黄红 壤 | 冲积 土 | 渗育 水稻土 | 潴育 水稻土 | 潜育 水稻土 | 样品数 | 979 | 72 | 192 | 61 | 471 | 345 | 90 | w(Se)/10-6 | 0.266 | 0.598 | 0.334 | 0.248 | 0.263 | 0.302 | 0.254 |
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Characteristics of soil selenium content in different soil types of Minhou County
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土地利用类型 | 果园 | 旱地 | 茶园 | 水浇地 | 水田 | 样品数 | 322 | 121 | 35 | 87 | 1659 | w(Se)/10-6 | 0.290 | 0.288 | 0.453 | 0.423 | 0.269 |
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Characteristics of soil selenium content under different land use patterns in Minhou County
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农产品 | 硒含量 | 富硒标准/10-6 | 样本数 | 富硒数 | 富硒率/% | 最大值/10-6 | 最小值/10-6 | 平均值/10-6 | 稻米 | 0.162 | 0.032 | 0.059 | 0.04~0.30 | 70 | 55 | 78.6 | 龙眼 | 0.010 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.01~0.05 | 15 | 1 | 6.7 | 脐橙 | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.01~0.05 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 苦桔 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.01~0.05 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 茶叶 | 0.147 | 0.053 | 0.091 | 0.25~4.00 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 大白菜 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.01~0.10 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 空心菜 | 0.010 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.01~0.10 | 15 | 1 | 6.7 | 佛手瓜 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.01~0.10 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 上海青 | 0.006 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.01~0.10 | 15 | 0 | 0 |
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Selenium-enriched situation of agricultural products in Minhou County
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品种 | 稻米 | 茶叶 | 脐橙 | 龙眼 | 大白菜 | 空心菜 | 佛手瓜 | 苦桔 | 上海青 | r | 0.487** | -0.026 | 0.487I** | 0.164 | -0.258 | 0.173 | -0.381 | -0.193 | -0.338 | q | 0.205 | 0.029 | 0.020 | 0.014 | 0.009 | 0.021 | 0.006 | 0.021 | 0.013 |
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Correlation coefficient and enrichment factor of selenium content between various agricultural products and soil in Minhou County
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土壤硒含 量分区 | 稻米硒含 量分区 | 闽侯县 | 全国 | 硒超标 w(Se)≥ 0.3 | 富硒 0.04≤w(Se)< 0.30 | 不富硒 w(Se)< 0.04 | 硒超标 w(Se)≥ 0.3 | 富硒 0.04≤w(Se)< 0.30 | 不富硒 w(Se)< 0.04 | 边缘 | 样本数 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 288 | 521 | w(Se)≤0.175 | 比例/% | 0 | 57.14 | 42.86 | 0.49 | 35.42 | 64.08 | 适量 | 样本数 | 0 | 38 | 12 | 7 | 2027 | 1079 | 0.175<w(Se)≤0.4 | 比例/% | 0 | 76 | 24 | 0.22 | 65.11 | 34.66 | 高 | 样本数 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 25 | 2419 | 533 | 0.4<w(Se)≤3.0 | 比例/% | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0.84 | 81.26 | 17.90 | 过量 | 样本数 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 2 | w(Se)>3.0 | 比例/% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57.14 | 28.57 | 14.29 |
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Selenium-enriched ratio of rice in different soil selenium subregions in the main rice-producing areas of Minhou County
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样点号 | 分布地区 | 稻米硒 含量/10-6 | 稻米超标 重金属 | 稻米重金属 含量/10-6 | 根系土重金属 含量/10-6 | 根系土壤 风险等级 | 富集系数 | MHSD06 | 南通镇建南村 | 0.162 | 无机砷 | 0.248 | 9.580 | 优先保护类 | 0.026 | MHSD03 | 青口镇东台村 | 0.117 | Cd | 0.757 | 0.486 | 安全利用类 | 1.558 | MHSD08 | 竹岐乡榕中村 | 0.070 | Cd | 0.312 | 0.296 | 优先保护类 | 1.054 | MHSD59 | 青口镇梅岭村 | 0.108 | Cd | 0.372 | 0.174 | 优先保护类 | 2.138 | MHSD61 | 廷坪乡蕉溪村 | 0.039 | Cd | 0.337 | 0.493 | 安全利用类 | 0.684 |
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Contents of selenium and heavy metals in over-standard rice in Minhou County
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元素 | As | Cd | Hg | Pb | Cr | r | 0.215 | 0.359** | 0.469** | 0.148 | 0.015 | q | 0.003 | 0.439 | 0.028 | 0.001 | 0.006 |
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Correlation and enrichment coefficient of heavy metal content in rice with root soil in Minhou County
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理化指标 | As | Cd | Hg | Pb | Cr | 有机质 | -0.188 | -0.353** | -0.430** | -0.237* | 0.095 | pH | -0.163 | 0.088 | 0.036 | -0.211 | -0.304* |
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Correlation between the enrichment coefficient of heavy metals in rice and the physical and chemical indexes of root soil in Minhou County
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Geochemical grade of selenium element and distribution map of natural selenium-rich land potential area in Minhou County
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序号 | 分布范围 | 耕地面积/hm2 | 土壤硒平均值/10-6 | 农产品富硒情况 | 潜力分类 | 1 | 青口镇西台村、东台村、青林村 | 63.60 | 0.412 | 5件稻米均富硒 | Ⅰ | 2 | 廷坪乡汶合村、大湖乡大池村、雪峰村、碾坑村、洋里乡刘洋村 | 90.15 | 0.539 | 4件稻米均富硒 | Ⅰ | 3 | 洋里乡友泉村、梧溪村、茶苑村、坪古洋村、小箬乡尚锦村 | 55.80 | 0.447 | 3件稻米均富硒 | Ⅰ | 4 | 青口镇青圃里村、青圃岭村 | 9.30 | 0.676 | 1件稻米富硒 | Ⅰ | 5 | 大湖乡东姚村等10个村及洋里乡洋头村 | 272.1 | 0.282 | 9件稻米8件富硒 | Ⅱ | 6 | 鸿尾乡埕头村、南下村、鸿尾村、桥头村、溪源村 | 221.1 | 0.255 | 5件稻米4件富硒 | Ⅱ | 7 | 白沙镇林炳村、新坡村、上寨村、溪头村、孔元村 | 87.45 | 0.250 | 4件稻米均富硒 | Ⅱ | 8 | 荆溪镇关东村、关西村、关中村、仁洲村 | 97.80 | 0.19 | 3件稻米均富硒 | Ⅱ | 9 | 南通镇大部及南屿镇尧沙村、桐南村、窗下村 | 169.95 | 0.324 | 2件稻米均富硒 | Ⅱ |
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Delimitation of potential areas of natural selenium-rich land in Minhou County
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